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\"وجوه لا تلتقيها مرتين\" يروي حكايات غير عادية عن أبطال عاديين، ربما تجدهم في مجتمعك بغض النظر عن طبيعة تكوين هذا المجتمع أو نطاقه الجغرافي أو خلفياته الثقافية والاقتصادية، وهو كتاب واقعي غير مثالي، تعرض فيه الصحفية الشهيرة لي يوان تشنغ الأحداث الخفية والتفاصيل المبهمة التي أفرزت التنمية الصينية الهائلة، والنقلة الاجتماعية كتجربة غير مسبوقة، ولكن من منظور إنساني، فهو لا يتطرق إلى استراتيجيات ولا سياسات ولا خطط خمسية، بل يركز على الفرد، كونه إنسانا فحسب.

The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in the maintenance of maternal-fetal tolerance. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of macrophage polarization and the mechanisms involved in physiological or pathological pregnancy processes, including miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Although current evidence provides a compelling argument that macrophages are important in pregnancy, our understanding of the roles and mechanisms of macrophages in pregnancy is still rudimentary. Since macrophages exhibit functional plasticity, they may be ideal targets for therapeutic manipulation during pathological pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better define the functions and mechanisms of various macrophage subsets in both normal and pathological pregnancy.

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a self-immobilized microbial consortium containing different functional microorganisms, is receiving growing attention, since it has shown great technological and economical potentials in the field of wastewater treatment. Microbial community is crucial for the formation, stability, and pollutant removal efficiency of aerobic granules. This mini-review systematically summarizes the recent findings of the microbial community structure and function of AGS and discusses the new research progress in the microbial community dynamics during the granulation process and spatial distribution patterns of the microbiota in AGS. The presented information may be helpful for the in-depth theoretical study and practical application of AGS technology in the future.

جاء هذا الكتاب تحت عنوان «الثقة في النظرية : نجاح لنظام التنمية \"البديل\" الخاص ‏بالصين» وهو من تأليف (مايا غيو) وترجمة عبد الرحمن النجار. يبحث الكتاب في التطور الصيني السريع خلال الستة عقود الماضية، والدور ‏الذي لعبه الحزب الشيوعي الصيني في تحويل الصين إلى دولة اشتراكية حديثة ‏مزدهرة وقوية وديمقراطية ومتطورة ثقافيا ويستكشف ويستكشف فيما إذا كان صعود الصين يهدد ‏نموذج التنمية الغربي وخاصة بعد أن أضحى صعود الصين حقيقة لا جدال فيها. يعتبر هذا الكتاب من أنجح الكتب التي نشرت عن الصين اليوم. فهو يقدم حججا ‏مقنعة حول نهوض الصين. وتستند الآراء المعبر عنها في الكتاب ليس فقط إلى 60 ‏عاما من تاريخ جمهورية الصين الشعبية وإنجازاتها الملحوظة في العقود الثلاثة ‏الماضية، ولكن أيضا على تاريخها الحديث منذ عام 1840، وتاريخها الذي دام ‏‏2000 عام كدولة موحدة، وحضارتها ذات ال 5000 سنة. وتعكس المقابلات التي ‏أجرتها المؤلفة \"مايا غيو\" مراقبتها الدقيقة للصين اليوم. إذ تضمنت أشخاصا من ‏دوائر مختلفة، تشمل مجالات خبرتهم السياسة والاقتصاد والمجتمع والوضع الوطني ‏وتاريخ دبلوماسية الحزب الشيوعي الصيني والاستراتيجية العسكرية وإدارة ممتلكات ‏الدولة والرعاية الصحية والأعمال التجارية الخاصة. وتختلف موضوعات المقابلات ‏على نطاق واسع؛ فمن النظم والنظرية والتطوير والإصلاح، إلى نوعية الحياة ‏والاستراتيجية والدبلوماسية وجميع من كان فيها يؤيدون التعلم من الحضارات ‏الإنسانية، ولكنهم يصرون في الوقت نفسه على ضرورة اتخاذ مسار يناسب الصين ‏بدلا من استنساخ النموذج الغربي. يأتي هذا الكتاب من ضمن سلسلة تتألف من ثلاثة كتب وهي : الثقة في المسار : ‏نموذج جديد لقوة صاعدة، الثقة في النظرية : فلسفة الصين لنظام دولي جديد، والثقة ‏في النظام : نجاح نظام التنمية \"البديل\" في الصين. بما يوفر للقارئ مقاربة نظرية ‏وواقعية لمسار الصين ونظريتها ونظامها، ويشرح أسباب ثقة الدولة الصينية في ‏خياراتها.

Efficient oxygen-evolution reaction catalysts are required for the cost-effective generation of solar fuels. Metal selenides have been reported as promising oxygen-evolution catalysts; however, their active forms are yet to be elucidated. Here we show that a representative selenide catalyst, nickel selenide, is entirely converted into nickel hydroxide under oxygen-evolution conditions. This result indicates that metal selenides are unstable during oxygen evolution, and the in situ generated metal oxides are responsible for their activity. This knowledge inspired us to synthesize nanostructured nickel iron diselenide, a hitherto unknown metal selenide, and to use it as a templating precursor to a highly active nickel iron oxide catalyst. This selenide-derived oxide catalyses oxygen evolution with an overpotential of only 195 mV for 10 mA cm −2 . Our work underscores the importance of identifying the active species of oxygen-evolution catalysts, and demonstrates how such knowledge can be applied to develop better catalysts. Metal selenides have been reported as promising oxygen-evolution catalysts but their active forms are yet to be elucidated. Here, the authors show that metal selenides are unstable under oxygen-evolution conditions and that in situ generated metal oxides/hydroxides are responsible for their high activity.

Macrophages are versatile immune cells associated with various diseases, and their phenotypes and functions change on the basis of the surrounding environments. Reprogramming of metabolism is required for the proper polarization of macrophages. This review will focus on basic metabolic pathways, the effects of key enzymes and specific products, relationships between cellular metabolism and macrophage polarization in different diseases and the potential prospect of therapy targeted key metabolic enzymes. In particular, the types and characteristics of macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface and their effects on a successful conception will be discussed.

Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a frequently detected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance in most populations, including in individuals who are pregnant, a period critical for early life development. Despite epidemiological evidence of exposure, developmental toxicity, particularly at realistic human exposures, remains understudied. We evaluated the effect of gestational exposure to human-relevant body burden of PFHxS on fetal and placental development and explored mechanisms of action combining alternative splicing (AS) and gene expression (GE) analyses. Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to 0, 0.03, and from gestational day 7 to day 17 via oral gavage. Upon euthanasia, PFHxS distribution was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Maternal and fetal phenotypes were recorded, and histopathology was examined for placenta impairment. Multiomics was adopted by combining AS and GE analyses to unveil disruptions in mRNA quality and quantity. The key metabolite transporters were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for quantification and three-dimensional (3D) structural simulation by AlphaFold2. Targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect amino acid and amides levels in the placenta. Pups developmentally exposed to PFHxS exhibited signs of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), characterized by smaller fetal weight and body length ( ) compared to control mice. PFHxS concentration in maternal plasma was . PFHxS trans-placenta distribution suggested dose-dependent transfer through placental barrier. Histopathology of placenta of exposed dams showed placental dysplasia, manifested with an attenuated labyrinthine layer area and deescalated blood sinus counts and placental vascular development index marker CD34. Combined GE and AS analyses pinpointed differences in genes associated with key biological processes of placental development, proliferation, metabolism, and transport in placenta of exposed dams compared to that of control dams. Further detection of placental key transporter gene expression, protein structure simulation, and amino acid and amide metabolites levels suggested that PFHxS exposure during pregnancy led to impairment of placental amino acid transportation. The findings from this study suggest that exposure to human-relevant very-low-dose PFHxS during pregnancy in mice caused IUGR, likely via downregulating of placental amino acid transporters, thereby impairing placental amino acid transportation, resulting in impairment of placental development. Our findings confirm epidemiological findings and call for future attention on the health risk of this persistent yet ubiquitous chemical in the early developmental stage and provide a new approach for understanding gene expression from both quantitative and qualitative omics approaches in toxicological studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13217.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies for cirrhosis concurrent with NK/T-cell lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic insights into this rare disease with triple comorbidity. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and diagnostic-therapeutic workflow of a patient admitted to our hospital in August 2024 with cirrhosis, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and HLH. Results The patient was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of our hospital with cirrhosis of unknown origin. Laboratory findings demonstrated trilineage cytopenia, coagulopathy, deranged blood biochemistry, markedly elevated ferritin, and hypercytokinemia. Serological testing confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody positivity, while molecular assays detected high EBV DNA loads. Bone marrow cytomorphology and cervical lymph node histopathology corroborated NK/T-cell lymphoma with HLH. Whole-body PET/CT revealed multifocal lymph node involvement. Following multidisciplinary evaluation, the patient underwent hematology-directed management combining hepatoprotective therapy, antimicrobials, and chemotherapy (gemcitabine/oxaliplatin/mitoxantrone liposome), stabilizing disease. Conclusion The co-occurrence of cirrhosis, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and HLH represents a rare clinical entity with a grim prognosis. This case highlights the necessity of early recognition and coordinated multidisciplinary interventions to optimize outcomes.

Biological nitrification/denitrification is frequently used to remove nitrogen from tannery wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonia. However, information is limited about the bacterial nitrifiers and denitrifiers and their functional genes in tannery wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the low-throughput of the previously used methods. In this study, 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, combined with molecular methods, were used to comprehensively characterize structures and functions of nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities in aerobic and anaerobic sludge of two full-scale tannery WWTPs. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that Proteobacteria and Synergistetes dominated in the aerobic and anaerobic sludge, respectively. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene cloning revealed that Nitrosomonas europaea dominated the ammonia-oxidizing community in the WWTPs. Metagenomic analysis showed that the denitrifiers mainly included the genera of Thauera, Paracoccus, Hyphomicrobium, Comamonas and Azoarcus, which may greatly contribute to the nitrogen removal in the two WWTPs. It is interesting that AOB and ammonia-oxidizing archaea had low abundance although both WWTPs demonstrated high ammonium removal efficiency. Good correlation between the qPCR and metagenomic analysis is observed for the quantification of functional genes amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ, indicating that the metagenomic approach may be a promising method used to comprehensively investigate the abundance of functional genes of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the environment.