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Continuous and long-term therapeutic monitoring of medicine molecules in biological systems will revolutionize healthcare by offering personalized pharmacokinetic reports. However, the extremely complex biological environment brings great challenges for in vivo molecule detection in living organisms. Here we introduce an in vivo photoelectrochemical biosensor following a reverse design strategy with single atoms as molecular recognition units. Atomic dispersion of Cu single atoms on TiO 2- x substrate create synergistic anchoring triple-site for efficiently and selectively capturing of dual-carbonyl group and neighboring dual-hydroxyl group of tetracycline molecules. The photoelectrode is encapsulated with antibiofouling layer and implanted into the vein of living mouse to enable long-term in vivo monitoring of tetracycline in real biological environments. It is important to note that our approach was exclusively tested in male mice, and therefore, the findings may not be generalizable to female mice or other species without further research. The rationally designed biological-components-free in vivo biosensor with excellent selectivity, robustness, and stability endows possibility for enabling personalized medicine guidance through real-time feedbacking information and providing direct and authentic medicine molecular analysis. Continuous and long-term monitoring of medicines in biological systems could offer personalized pharmacokinetic reports but is challenging due to the complexity of the biological environment in living organisms. Here, the authors present a photoelectrochemical biosensor with single atom Cu on TiO2-x as recognition unit for selective, precise, long-term tetracycline monitoring in living organisms.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an appealing approach for “green” hydrogen generation. The natural p-type semiconductor of Cu 2 O is one of the most promising photocathode candidates for direct hydrogen generation. However, the Cu 2 O-based photocathodes still suffer severe self-photo-corrosion and fast surface electron-hole recombination issues. Herein, we propose a facile in-situ encapsulation strategy to protect Cu 2 O with hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) and promote water reduction performance. The HsGDY encapsulated Cu 2 O nanowires (HsGDY@Cu 2 O NWs) photocathode demonstrates a high photocurrent density of −12.88 mA cm −2 at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode under 1 sun illumination, approaching to the theoretical value of Cu 2 O. The HsGDY@Cu 2 O NWs photocathode as well as presents excellent stability and contributes an impressive hydrogen generation rate of 218.2 ± 11.3 μmol h −1 cm −2 , which value has been further magnified to 861.1 ± 24.8 μmol h −1 cm −2 under illumination of concentrated solar light. The in-situ encapsulation strategy opens an avenue for rational design photocathodes for efficient and stable PEC water reduction. Cu2O-based photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water reduction suffer severe self-photo-corrosion issue. Here the authors report an in-situ encapsulation strategy with hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne to protect Cu2O for water reduction with a photocurrent density of −12.88 mA cm-2.

The need for precise modulation of blood concentrations of pharmaceutical molecule, especially for high-risk drugs like Methotrexate (MTX), is underscored by the significant impact of individual variations on treatment efficacy. Achieving selective recognition of pharmaceutical molecules within the complex biological environment is a substantial challenge. To tackle this, we propose a synergistic atomic-molecular docking strategy that utilizes a hybrid-dual single-atom Fe1-Zn1 on a TiO2 photoelectrode to selectively bind to the carboxyl and aminopyrimidine groups of MTX respectively. By integrating this Fe 1 -Zn 1 -TiO 2 photoelectrode with a microcomputer system, an implantable photoelectrochemical-therapeutic drug monitoring (PEC-TDM) system is developed for real-time, continuous in vivo MTX monitoring. This system facilitates personalized therapeutic decision-making and intelligent drug delivery for individualized cancer therapy, potentially revolutionizing oncological care and enhancing patient outcomes. Concentration of methotrexate (MTX) in the blood needs precise monitoring, Here, the authors propose an atomic-molecular docking strategy that utilizes a hybrid-dual single-atom Fe 1 -Zn 1 on TiO 2 photoelectrode to bind to the carboxyl and aminopyrimidine groups of MTX.

Core–shell structured TiO2 is a promising solution to promote the photocatalytic effectiveness in visible light. Compared to metal or semiconductor materials, polymers are rarely used as the core materials for fabricating core–shell TiO2 materials. A novel core–shell structured polymer@TiO2 was developed by using phenolic polymer (PP) colloid nanoparticles as the core material. The PP nanoparticles were synthesized by an enzyme-catalyzed polymerization in water. A subsequent sol–gel and hydrothermal reaction was utilized to cover the TiO2 shell on the surfaces of PP particles. The thickness of the TiO2 shell was controlled by the amount of TiO2 precursor. The covalent connection between PP and TiO2 was established after the hydrothermal reaction. The core–shell structure allowed the absorption spectra of PP@TiO2 to extend to the visible-light region. Under visible-light irradiation, the core–shell nanosphere displayed enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for rhodamine B degradation and good recycle stability. The interfacial C–O–Ti bonds and the π-conjugated structures in the PP@TiO2 nanosphere played a key role in the quick transfer of the excited electrons between PP and TiO2, which greatly improved the photocatalytic efficiency in visible light.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized with polymers as coating agents is an effective method to overcome their poor stability and aggregation in solution. Silver-polyethylene glycol (Ag-PEG) nanoparticles were synthesized with the thiol-functionalized polyethylene glycol (SH-PEA) as the coating, reducing and stabilizing agent. The UV irradiation time, polymer and silver nitrate concentration for the synthesis were investigated. The concentration of silver nitrate had significant effect on the morphology of Ag-PEG nanoparticles. When increasing the concentration of silver nitrate, SEM and TEM images showed that Ag-PEG nanoparticles changed from Janus to multi-core shell structure. Meanwhile, pure silver particles in the two hybrid nanoparticles presented spherical shape and had the similar size of 15 nm. The antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity of the two structural Ag-PEG nanoparticles were investigated to understand colloid morphology effect on the properties of AgNPs. The results of antibacterial activities showed that the two structural Ag-PEG nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The Janus nanoparticles had larger minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) values than the multi-core shell counterparts. The results of cytotoxicity showed the Janus Ag-PEG nanoparticles had lower toxicity than the multi-core shell nanoparticles.

Core-shell structured TiO is a promising solution to promote the photocatalytic effectiveness in visible light. Compared to metal or semiconductor materials, polymers are rarely used as the core materials for fabricating core-shell TiO materials. A novel core-shell structured polymer@TiO was developed by using phenolic polymer (PP) colloid nanoparticles as the core material. The PP nanoparticles were synthesized by an enzyme-catalyzed polymerization in water. A subsequent sol-gel and hydrothermal reaction was utilized to cover the TiO shell on the surfaces of PP particles. The thickness of the TiO shell was controlled by the amount of TiO precursor. The covalent connection between PP and TiO was established after the hydrothermal reaction. The core-shell structure allowed the absorption spectra of PP@TiO to extend to the visible-light region. Under visible-light irradiation, the core-shell nanosphere displayed enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for rhodamine B degradation and good recycle stability. The interfacial C-O-Ti bonds and the π-conjugated structures in the PP@TiO nanosphere played a key role in the quick transfer of the excited electrons between PP and TiO , which greatly improved the photocatalytic efficiency in visible light.

Core–shell structured TiO2 is a promising solution to promote the photocatalytic effectiveness in visible light. Compared to metal or semiconductor materials, polymers are rarely used as the core materials for fabricating core–shell TiO2 materials. A novel core–shell structured polymer@TiO2 was developed by using phenolic polymer (PP) colloid nanoparticles as the core material. The PP nanoparticles were synthesized by an enzyme-catalyzed polymerization in water. A subsequent sol–gel and hydrothermal reaction was utilized to cover the TiO2 shell on the surfaces of PP particles. The thickness of the TiO2 shell was controlled by the amount of TiO2 precursor. The covalent connection between PP and TiO2 was established after the hydrothermal reaction. The core–shell structure allowed the absorption spectra of PP@TiO2 to extend to the visible-light region. Under visible-light irradiation, the core–shell nanosphere displayed enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for rhodamine B degradation and good recycle stability. The interfacial C–O–Ti bonds and the π-conjugated structures in the PP@TiO2 nanosphere played a key role in the quick transfer of the excited electrons between PP and TiO2, which greatly improved the photocatalytic efficiency in visible light.

Overdependence on fossil fuels contributes to global warming and environmental degradation. Solar energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) power generation, has emerged as a widely adopted clean and renewable alternative. To increase and enhance the efficiency of PV systems, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is essential. However, achieving accurate tracking control while balancing overall performance in terms of stability, dynamic response, and robustness remains a challenge. In this study, an improved MPPT control scheme based on the technique of predicting the reference current at the MPP and regulating the optimal current is proposed. Support vector regression (SVR) endowed with a strong generalization stability was adopted to model the nonlinear relationship between the PV output current and the environmental factors of irradiance and temperature. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA), recognized for its excellent global search capability, was employed to optimize the hyperparameters of SVR to further increase the prediction accuracy. To satisfy the performance requirements for the current-tracking process, a linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control strategy was applied to design the current regulator based on the PV system’s state-space model. The effectiveness and superior performance of the suggested SSA-SVR-LQ control scheme were validated using measured data under real operating conditions.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor in digestive system. Circular RNA (circRNA) circ_0007142 has been identified as an oncogene in CRC. However, the mechanism of circ_0007142 in CRC was rarely reported. The levels of circ_0007142, dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1), microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p), and cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) in CRC tissues (n=31) and cells were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cell viability and colony-forming ability were evaluated via 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony-formation assay, respectively. The migrated and invaded abilities were monitored by Transwell assay. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interactions between miR-122-5p and circ_0007142 or CDC25A. The protein level of CDC25A was detected via Western blot assay. The biological role of circ_0007142 was examined by xenograft tumor model in vivo. The levels of circ_0007142 and CDC25A were enhanced and the level of miR-122-5p was declined in CRC tissues and cells, while the level of DOCK1 had no fluctuation. Circ_0007142 sponged miR-122-5p and CDC25A was a target of miR-122-5p. Circ_0007142 knockdown impeded cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in CRC cells by regulating miR-122-5p. Besides, miR-122-5p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in CRC cells by modulating CDC25A. Circ_0007142 regulated CDC25A expression in CRC cells by sponging miR-122-5p. Moreover, circ_0007142 knockdown blocked CRC tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0007142 modulated CDC25A expression to promote CRC progression by sponging miR-122-5p.

Background The effect of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) can regulate gene expression by competitively binding microRNAs. Fascin-1 (FSCN1) plays an important role in the regulation of cellular migration and invasion during tumor progression, but how its regulatory mechanism works through the ceRNA effect is still unclear in bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods The role of fascin-1, miR-200b , and ZEB1-AS1 in BLCA was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between fascin-1, miR-200b , and ZEB1-AS1 was identified using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity assays, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), quantitative PCR, and western blotting. Loss (or gain)-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the biological roles of miR-200b and ZEB1-AS1 on migration, invasion, proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. Results ZEB1-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA in BLCA to regulate the expression of fascin-1 through miR-200b . Moreover, the oncogenic long non-coding RNA ZEB1-AS1 was highly expressed in BLCA and positively correlated with high tumor grade, high TNM stage, and reduced survival of patients with BLCA. Moreover, ZEB1-AS1 downregulated the expression of miR-200b , promoted migration, invasion, and proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis in BLCA. Furthermore, we found TGF-β1 induced migration and invasion in BLCA by regulating the ZEB1-AS1 / miR-200b /FSCN1 axis. Conclusion The observations in this study identify an important regulatory mechanism of fascin-1 in BLCA, and the TGF-β1/ ZEB1-AS1 / miR-200b /FSCN1 axis may serve as a potential target for cancer therapeutic purposes.