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The innovation of digital technology to expedite the establishment of sustainable productivity that aligns with the “double carbon” objective is a crucial approach to balancing environmental considerations with development, hence fostering the high-quality advancement of organizations. This paper analyzes panel data from listed companies in China between 2010 and 2023 to assess the level of digital technology innovation through digital technology patents and investigates the effect of this innovation on the carbon emissions of enterprises within the industrial chain. The findings indicate that: Digital technology innovation (EDIG) in focused firms exhibits asymmetric effects, enhancing upstream firms’ UPCE while diminishing downstream firms’ DOCE; EDIG facilitates UPCE by expediting information dissemination and reinforcing organizational interdependence, while concurrently suppressing DOCE through the enhancement of supply chain resilience and product competitiveness. Various categories of environmental laws exert distinct regulatory impacts on the correlation between EDIG and UPCE (DOCE). The extent of carbon reduction resulting from enterprises’ digital technology innovation varies due to the supply chain relationships between the two enterprises and the differing conditions of the focused enterprises, with the influence of various types of technological innovation on the carbon emissions of upstream and downstream enterprises being notably robust. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance the research, development, and implementation of digital technology innovation, comprehend the carbon reduction pathway mechanisms associated with enterprise digital technology innovation, and offer sustainable development insights to other developing nations as enterprises adopt measures to facilitate carbon peak and carbon neutrality through digital technology innovation.

As a way to guide and supervise public opinion, news inevitably contains certain emotional tendencies. Whether such emotional tendencies will have an impact on the entrepreneurial decisions and behaviors of micro-subjects has become an economic topic of great research value. This thesis takes prefecture-level cities from 2013 to 2023 as research samples, compares existing large language models, and uses LERT large language model with better overall performance to measure monthly economic news sentiment in cities, and further studies the impact of news sentiment on regional entrepreneurial vitality. The results of the study found that positive economic news sentiment can increase entrepreneurial vitality in cities, and passed a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis shows that the economic news sentiment mainly improves the entrepreneurial vitality of cities by changing expectations, which is embodied in the effect of boosting consumption of consumers, stimulating demand of entrepreneurs and lowering service threshold of financial institutions. Moreover, business environment and regional entrepreneurial failure tolerance can strengthen the effect of economic news sentiment on entrepreneurial vitality. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in areas with lower housing price volatility, higher public attention and lower unemployment rate, economic news sentiment has a more significant promoting effect on urban entrepreneurial vitality. The article provides certain reference significance for exploring how to effectively use modern media to boost the confidence of entrepreneurs, continuously promote mass entrepreneurship to stimulate market vitality, and then cultivate the new momentum of endogenous economic growth when the economy is expected to weaken.

This article aims to investigate whether differences in ESG ratings have an impact on corporate green innovation behavior. A high-order fixed effects model was established using panel data from Chinese companies from 2009 to 2022 to empirically test the impact of ESG rating divergence in the Chinese market on corporate green innovation behavior.The study demonstrates that ESG rating disparity raises the quantity but lowers the quality of businesses’ green innovation efforts because of the short board effect. After a series of robustness tests, the results are still valid.The mechanism investigation reveals that both an external pressure channel and an internal strategy adjustment channel are responsible for the impact of ESG rating disparity on green innovation efforts. The asymmetry of corporate green innovation activities is exacerbated by managers’ self-interest, whereas the asymmetry of green innovation is mitigated by the caliber of government. According to the heterogeneity analysis, the divergence of a business’s ESG rating between large-scale, non-heavy polluting, and places with strong environmental regulations can effectively slow down the asymmetric behavior of enterprise innovation activities. Additional investigation reveals that the phenomenon of ESG rating divergence spreads across industries and geographical areas. The short board effect of ESG rating divergence can be effectively mitigated by improving the quality of enterprise information disclosure and speeding up the digital transformation of businesses. The research conclusion provides marginal contributions on how to improve China’s ESG rating system and how enterprises can identify ESG rating differences and make scientific decisions.

The commensal fungus Candida albicans often causes life-threatening infections in patients who are immunocompromised with high mortality. A prominent but poorly understood risk factor for the C. albicans commensal‒pathogen transition is the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Here, we report that β-lactam antibiotics cause bacteria to release significant quantities of peptidoglycan fragments that potently induce the invasive hyphal growth of C. albicans . We identify several active peptidoglycan subunits, including tracheal cytotoxin, a molecule produced by many Gram-negative bacteria, and fragments purified from the cell wall of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus . Feeding mice with β-lactam antibiotics causes a peptidoglycan storm that transforms the gut from a niche usually restraining C. albicans in the commensal state to promoting invasive growth, leading to systemic dissemination. Our findings reveal a mechanism underlying a significant risk factor for C. albicans infection, which could inform clinicians regarding future antibiotic selection to minimize this deadly disease incidence. A risk factor for invasive Candida albicans infection is the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but the reasons are poorly understood. Here, the authors show in mice that β-lactam antibiotics cause commensal bacteria to release peptidoglycan fragments that induce the invasive hyphal growth of C. albicans , leading to systemic dissemination.

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a problematic greenhouse gas, although its conversion to alternative fuels represents a promising approach to limit its long-term effects. Here, pyroelectric nanostructured materials are shown to utilize temperature-variations and to reduce CO 2 for methanol. Layered perovskite bismuth tungstate nanoplates harvest heat energy from temperature-variation, driving pyroelectric catalytic CO 2 reduction for methanol at temperatures between 15 °C and 70 °C. The methanol yield can be as high as 55.0 μmol⋅g −1 after experiencing 20 cycles of temperature-variation. This efficient, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly pyroelectric catalytic CO 2 reduction route provides an avenue towards utilizing natural diurnal temperature-variation for future methanol economy. CO 2 is a problematic greenhouse gas, although its conversion to alternative fuels represents a promising approach to limit its long-term effects. Here, the authors demonstrate that CO 2 can be reduced to methanol through pyroelectric catalysis under temperature variation near room temperature.

Objective The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically. Methods An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and the lists of citations were screened for potential eligible studies. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers. Results The initial electronic search yielded 995 articles after duplicates removed, and 27 studies met the eligibility criteria were included in the study . Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more likely they were to have positive attitude; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public’s attitude towards the disabilities. Conclusion People’s knowledge of the disability and their contact with individuals with disabilities are the main influential factors in public attitudes towards persons with disabilities.

In this study, the direct influences of five management dimensions of high-performance human resource practices (HPHRP), i.e., talent selection and cultivation (TSC), career and job security (CJS), performance appraisal and compensation incentives (PACI), participative management (PM), and affective incentives (AI), on Chinese local university teachers’ turnover intentions (TI) were investigated. Additionally, the mediating role of organizational commitment (OC) in these relationships was examined. According to the results of a questionnaire survey among 740 teachers from five regional colleges and universities in China, the five management dimensions of HPHRP significantly and negatively impact college teachers’ TI, with TSC being the most influential predictor (B = -0.359, t = -10.597***, R² = 0.132), followed by AI ( = -0.277, t = -7.829***, R² = 0.077), PACI ( = -0.262, t = -7.390***, R² = 0.069), CJS ( = -0.262, t = -7.390***, R² = 0.069), and PM ( = -0.231, t = -6.456***, R² = 0.053). Furthermore, OC was found to partially mediate the relationship between TSC (B = -0.243, t = -5.987***, R² = 0.164), CJS (B = -0.105, t = -2.621**, R² = 0.131), PACI (B = -0.127, t = -3.290**, R² = 0.136), and AI (B = -0.126, t = -3.125**, R² = 0.135) on college teachers’ TI and completely mediated the influence of PM (B = -0.053, t = -1.288, R² = 0.125) on college teachers’ TI. The findings suggest that TSC, OC, and PM play more significant roles in affecting Chinese regional university teachers’ TI. In order to reduce teachers’ TI, local university administrators should focus on talent, encourage teachers to take part in school management, and strengthen their commitment to the university.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and agreement of multispectral refraction topography (MRT) in measuring retinal refraction before and after cycloplegia in children. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the accuracy and reliability of MRT as a tool for assessing retinal refraction in pediatric patients. Methods Children aged 7 to 18 years old were recruited for this prospective research. The central and peripheral retinal refraction was measured three times using multispectral refraction topography (MRT) before and after cycloplegia. The retinal deviation value (RDV) was used to describe the average peripheral refractive error of the retina. In addition, objective refraction (OR) and subjective refraction (SR) measurements were also performed. Results A total of 60 children with a mean age of 10.50 ± 1.81 years were enrolled. Before cycloplegia, all the central and peripheral retinal refraction parameters showed good repeatability with the lowest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) being 0.78 in the retinal deviation value from 45° eccentricity to 53° of the retina (RDV 45–53). After cycloplegia, the repeatability of MRT was significantly enhanced (lowest ICC = 0.91 in RDV-I). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of the central refraction and OR ranged from − 2.1 to 1.8 D before cycloplegia, and from − 1.69 to 0.27 D after cycloplegia. The 95% LoA of the central refraction and SR ranged from − 1.57 to 0.36 D after cycloplegia. All the 95% LoA demonstrated high agreement. Conclusions The MRT shows high agreement with autorefractometry and experienced optometrist in measuring central refraction. Additionally, the MRT provides good repeatable measurements of retinal peripheral refraction before and after cycloplegia in schoolchildren.

Background Breast cancer (BC) with low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is attracting much attention due to the breakthrough progress of novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates. HER2 expression is examined in patients with HER2-low BC and their distant metastases in this study, so as to further clarify the dynamic characteristics of HER2 low status in the process of disease progression. Methods Patients diagnosed with HER2 low breast cancer (defined as IHC1+ or IHC2+/ISH-) between 2012 and 2021 were included in this study. We evaluated HER2 expression of primary sites and metastatic sites, compared the impact of different clinicopathological parameters on HER2 status of metastases and compared the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with different HER2 status in metastases. Results Ninety-eight patients were included. All HER2 IHC scores were confirmed and the consistent rate with the original pathological report was 81.1%. 27.6% of the patients showed different HER2 status in metastases. The HER2 discordance rate differed among different metastatic sites ( p  = 0.040). The higher the T stage of the primary BC, the higher the rate of HER2 discordance was observed ( p  = 0.042). For the specimen type of metastasis, HER2 discordant rate was higher in surgical specimen than biopsy ( p  = 0.050). No difference of HER2 discordance rate was found between HER2-1+ and HER2-2+ patients. But comparing HER2 IHC score, HER2-2+ patients were less likely to have consistent metastatic HER2 levels than HER2-1+ patients ( p  = 0.006). No difference in survival outcomes was observed between patients with different HER2 status in metastases. Conclusions There is a possibility of HER2 expression alteration in the metastases of HER2-low breast cancer. And the rate of altered HER2 low expression was different among different metastatic sites, different T stages of primary BC and specimen type of metastasis. No prognostic significance was observed.

Transposable elements (TEs) contribute to gene expression regulation by acting as cis-regulatory elements that attract transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. This research aims to explore the functional and clinical implications of transposable element-related molecular events in hepatocellular carcinoma, focusing on the mechanism through which liver-specific accessible TEs (liver-TEs) regulate adjacent gene expression. Our findings reveal that the expression of HNF4A is inversely regulated by proximate liver-TEs, which facilitates liver cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, liver-TEs are predominantly occupied by the histone demethylase, KDM1A. KDM1A negatively influences the methylation of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) of liver-TEs, resulting in the epigenetic silencing of HNF4A expression. The suppression of HNF4A mediated by KDM1A promotes liver cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study uncovers a liver-TE/KDM1A/HNF4A regulatory axis that promotes liver cancer growth and highlights KDM1A as a promising therapeutic target. Our findings provide insight into the transposable element-related molecular mechanisms underlying liver cancer progression. The functional role of transposable elements (TEs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be explored. Here, the authors identify a liver-TE/KDM1A/HNF4A regulatory axis that promotes HCC growth and suggest therapeutic targeting of KDM1A.