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This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of progression on illness perception and social alienation among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. MHD is frequently accompanied by increased pain and complications such as itchy skin, chronic fatigue, and muscle spasms. Cardiovascular disease rates are also elevated among MHD patients, which can heighten their anxiety regarding prognosis and treatment discomfort. This chronic fear may severely impact social functioning, leading patients to withdraw from interpersonal interactions and experience heightened helplessness and loneliness. Further investigation is necessary to understand the factors behind the high level of social alienation in MHD patients and their underlying mechanisms. A cross-sectional study guided by the STROBE. A convenience sample of 230 MHD patients were enrolled from January to May 2023. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics, illness perception, fear of progression, and social alienation were collected. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlations were conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0. The mediating effect was analyzed using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS, with the Bootstrap method employed to assess its significance. The score of social alienation in MHD patients was high, with illness perception and fear of progression both significantly correlated with social alienation. In the mediating effects model, illness perception can predict social alienation in MHD patients, and fear of progression use plays a part in mediating the process by which illness perception affects social alienation. The Kappa Squared (κ2) value of 21.9%, suggests a medium effect size. Illness perception directly predicts social alienation in MHD patients and exerts an indirect effect through the mediating role of fear of progression. Suggests that healthcare professionals should concentrate on MHD patients with high negative illness perceptions to alleviate their fear of progression, thereby decreasing the level of social alienation and enhancing their integration into society.

Background P. yunnanensis , a distinctive economic tree species native to Yunnan Province in China, possesses axillary buds that serve as superior material for asexual propagation. However, under natural growth conditions, the differentiation of these axillary buds is notably scarce. In this study, we employed decapitation to stimulate the development of axillary buds in P. yunnanensis . Subsequently, we assessed the phytohormone levels in both axillary and apical buds, and conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis complemented by RT-qPCR validation. Results We found that decapitation could effectively promote the releases of the axillary buds in P. yunnanensis . The levels of cytokinin, auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid in axillary buds were higher than those in apical buds, and the difference in gibberellin levels was the greatest. The transcriptome sequencing results were highly reproducible, and the relative expression levels of the 13 genes screened were highly consistent with the FPKM value trend of transcriptome sequencing. There were 2877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between axillary buds and terminal buds, and 18 candidate genes (CGs) involved in axillary bud release were screened out. A total of 1171 DEGs were identified during the analysis of axillary bud growth, and 14 CGs involved in axillary bud growth and development were screened out. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the DEGs. Furthermore, combined with the results and discussion, the functions of the candidate genes were analyzed and a possible regulatory network was constructed. Conclusion The findings and discussions indicated that the development of axillary buds in P. yunnanensis is predominantly governed by cytokinin, gibberellin, strigolactone, and auxin, as well as their biosynthesis and regulatory genes, which are crucial to the development of these buds. This study has, to some extent, bridged the research gap concerning the development of axillary buds in P. yunnanensis and has provided foundational data to support further research into the developmental mechanisms of these buds and the establishment of asexual propagation cutting nurseries.

Passiflora edulis Sims, an economically important fruit crop known as the “king of juices,” is severely affected by drought, which significantly constrains its growth and yield. To investigate whether polyploidy enhances drought resistance, we compared the physiological responses of diploid and triploid tissue-cultured seedlings of the P. edulis ‘Mantianxing’ cultivar subjected to Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) for 7 days. Physiological parameters were analyzed in mixed samples of mid-shoot segments (mixed stem and leaf segments or leaves) from three biological replicates, with the data subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test ( p  < 0.05). The experimental results confirmed that: (1) The optimal rooting medium for sterile seedlings of diploid and triploid is 0.1 mg/l NAA + 0.2 g AC + 1/2 MS. (2) Under drought stress, particularly at 40% and 50% PEG-6000 concentrations, triploids exhibited significantly higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), higher proline (Pro) and soluble sugar contents, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than diploids. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not differ significantly by ploidy. Under severe drought (50% PEG-6000), triploids maintained higher soluble sugar but lower soluble protein content. These results demonstrate that triploid ‘Mantianxing’ possesses superior drought adaptability, mediated by enhanced osmotic adjustment and a more robust antioxidant system, providing a physiological basis for polyploid breeding in P. edulis.

Background Light plays a key role in plant growth, development and response to adversity. Plants perceive different wavelengths of light in the environment through various photoreceptors and regulate plant growth and development through light signaling. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how high-altitude plants adapt to different light conditions. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of high-altitude plants responding to light quality, this research compared the transcriptome of P. schneideri cuttings under blue and green film treatments. Results Blue film treatment significantly promoted the height growth of P. schneideri , while green film treatment inhibited it, and both treatments significantly suppressed stem thickness growth. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that blue film treatment induced a significantly higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to green film treatment, with multiple transcription factor families (such as WRKY, NAC, bHLH, MIKC, and MYB) down-regulated across various treatments. DEGs were primarily enriched in the hormone signaling pathway, where blue film treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of CRY1 , HY5 and ARF8 genes, while down-regulating GH3.1 , Aux/IAA14 and Aux/IAA16 . In contrast, green film treatment exhibited the opposite regulatory pattern. Conclusion These results imply that P. schneideri may benefit from blue film treatment in terms of growth and development, which may be helpful for further research into the introduction and cultivation of P. schneideri and other popular species in high-altitude regions.

Pinus yunnanensis is an important coniferous species for both ecological and economic purposes in Southwest China. However, its seedlings grow slowly and show low productivity, with notable trait variability under the same cultivation conditions. These characteristics limit its extensive use in reforestation and forest management. Photosynthesis is the foundational process for plant growth and biomass accumulation. Chlorophyll, as the essential pigment in photosynthesis, directly impacts the synthesis of organic materials and the increase in biomass. In this study, the seedlings of P. yunnanensis were classified into three grades (I, II, and III) using the mean value ± 1/2 standard deviation method (H ± 1/2σ). Various growth traits, such as the number of branches, plant height, stem thickness, needle length, root characteristics, and biomass, were measured at multiple time points. The content of photosynthetic pigments was determined using spectrophotometry, endogenous hormone levels were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and the expression of genes related to chlorophyll metabolism was detected through qRT-PCR. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to quantify the associations between hormone content, gene expression, and the seedlings’ morphological characteristics. The results indicate that Grade I significantly outperform Grades II and III in terms of above-ground growth metrics. During the rapid growth period in March, Grade I seedlings had the highest chlorophyll content, potentially enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and increasing biomass allocation. Hormonal analysis revealed that compared to other grades, Grade I seedlings exhibited higher levels of ABA, JAs, and ACC, while Auxins and SAs were lower; there was no significant difference in CTK content between Grade I and Grade II, both of which were lower than in Grade III. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis was significantly upregulated in Grade I seedlings. In contrast, the expression of genes associated with chlorophyll degradation was more active in Grade III seedlings. Correlation analysis further emphasized the strong link between hormone levels, gene expression, and growth traits. This study delves into the intrinsic mechanisms of morphological differentiation in P. yunnanensis seedlings by examining the synergistic effects of chlorophyll metabolism and endogenous hormone regulation. These findings can provide valuable references for cultivating high-quality seedlings, optimizing seed source selection, and improving afforestation techniques.

WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX), a specific gene family in plants, plays a critical role during stem cell regulation, plant regeneration and upgrowth. However, our understanding of WOX functions in conifers is limited compared to angiosperms. To address this gap, we investigated the presence, expression profiles and protein characteristics of WOX gene in P. yunnanensis . Our findings revealed that 10 PyWOX genes were dispersed across three existing clades, and their expression profiles were presented in specific developmental stages and tissues. The ancient-clade members ( PyWOX13 , PyWOXG , PyWOXA ) exhibited constitutive expressions in most tissues and developmental stages, indicating that they are the oldest and conserved WOX genes. Members of the intermediate-clade ( PyWOXB , PyWOXE ) were primarily expressed during callus formation and seed germination, suggesting a role in promoting embryogenesis and plant regeneration. Most members of WUS-clade ( PyWUS , PyWOX3 , PyWOX4 , PyWOX5 , PyWOXX ) showed high transcripts level in cluster buds, which may be related to meristematic development and the formation of axillary meristems. The self-activation assay demonstrated that PyWOX4 has transcriptional activation activity. Our study also suggested that there were highly conserved and clear orthologs of WOX genes present in Pinus . Together, these findings provide a foundation for further clarifying the function and regulatory mechanism of WOX genes in P. yunnanensis growth and development.

Eucalyptus maideni F. v. Muell., a rare species cultivated for both oil and timber, yields high-quality wood and economically valuable eucalyptus oil (EO). Previous studies revealed substantial variation in leaf oil content among individual seedlings and families. However, the selection and breeding of superior germplasm for oil production have not yet been initiated. In this study, 15 superior trees were used as seed trees, while commercial seeds served as the controls. Seedlings were sown in family groups, and leaves from seed trees and 480 seedlings (sampled at 180 and 360 days post-sowing) were analyzed. EO was extracted from seed tree leaves by steam distillation and from seedling leaves by headspace solid-phase microextraction, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) used for component quantification. Among 249 compounds identified, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) consistently exhibited the highest relative content (40.61–71.27%). Significant differences in eucalyptol content were found among families and individuals at both seedling ages, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of approximately 25%. Eucalyptol content at both 180 and 360 days was primarily influenced by within-family variance (56.91% and 62.43%, respectively), exceeding between-family variance (42.13% and 36.73%). Additionally, moderate correlations between eucalyptol concentrations at 180 and 360 days suggest partial temporal stability in essential oil composition across developmental stages. Therefore, the relative eucalyptol content was identified as a key indicator for the preliminary selection of superior germplasm in oil-producing E. maideni . Using the mean + standard deviation ( C  + σ) as the selection threshold, two superior families (Families 2 and 3) and 56 elite seedlings were preliminarily identified across both growth stages. The selected superior families exhibited an average increase of 29.85% in leaf eucalyptol content, while the elite seedlings showed an average increase of 37.61%. These results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of early selection for superior germplasm in oil-producing E. maideni . The selected superior germplasm provides foundational material for the subsequent propagation of improved varieties, thereby supporting the development of the oil-producing E. maideni industry in Yunnan Province.

In order to solve the problem of the influence of feature word position in lyrics on music emotion classification, this paper designs a music classification and detection model in complex noise environment. Firstly, an intelligent detection algorithm for electronic music signals under complex noise scenes is proposed, which can solve the limitations existing in the current electronic music signal detection process. At the same time, denoising technology is introduced to eliminate the noise and extract the features from the signal. Secondly, from the perspective of audio and lyrics of song sentiment analysis and the unique characteristics of lyrics text, a lyric sentiment analysis method based on text title and position weight is proposed. Finally, considering the influence of the weight of feature words in different positions on the classification of lyrics, the analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the weight of feature words in different positions of text title and lyrics before, in, and after the text. The results show that in the complex noise environment, the accuracy of music classification and detection of the proposed model is more than 90%, which is far beyond the control range of the actual application of music processing. The effect of music classification and detection is better than that of the contrast model, which has a certain practical application value.

The MYB transcription factor (TF) superfamily, one of the largest gene superfamilies, regulates a variety of physiological processes in plants. Although many MYB superfamily genes have been identified in plants, the MYB TFs in Chinese jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) have not been fully identified and characterized. Additionally, the functions of these genes remain unclear. In total, we identified 171 MYB superfamily genes in jujube and divided them into five subfamilies containing 99 genes of the R2R3-MYB subfamily, 58 genes of the MYB-related subfamily, four genes of the R1R2R3-MYB subfamily, one gene of the 4R-MYB subfamily, and nine genes of the atypical MYB subfamily. The 99 R2R3-MYB genes of jujube were divided into 35 groups, C1–C35, and the 58 MYB-related genes were divided into the following groups: the R-R-type, CCA1-like, I-box-binding-like, TBP-like, CPC-like, and Chinese jujube-specific groups. ZjMYB genes in jujube were well supported by additional highly conserved motifs and exon/intron structures. Most R1 repeats of MYB-related proteins comprised the R2 repeat and had highly conserved EED and EEE residue groups in jujube. Three tandem duplicated gene pairs were found on 12 chromosomes in jujube. According to an expression analysis of 126 ZjMYB genes, MYB-related genes played important roles in jujube development and fruit-related biological processes. The total flavonoid content of jujube fruit decreased as ripening progressed. A total of 93 expressed genes were identified in the RNA-sequencing data from jujube fruit, and 56 ZjMYB members presented significant correlations with total flavonoid contents by correlation analysis. Five pairs of paralogous MYB genes within jujube were composed of nine jujube MYB genes. A total of 14 ZjMYB genes had the same homology to the MYB genes of Arabidopsis and peach, indicating that these 14 MYB genes and their orthologs probably existed before the ancestral divergence of the MYB superfamily. We used a synteny analysis of MYB genes between jujube and Arabidopsis to predict that the functions of the ZjMYBs involve flavonoid/phenylpropanoid metabolism, the light signaling pathway, auxin signal transduction, and responses to various abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt stresses). Additionally, we speculate that ZjMYB108 is an important TF involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. This comprehensive analysis of MYB superfamily genes in jujube lay a solid foundation for future comprehensive analyses of ZjMYB gene functions.

Pinus yunnanensis is a pioneer tree species and an important timber tree species for afforestation in barren hills in southwest China. It can improve the degradation of P. yunnanensis germplasm resources by decapitation to get high-quality spikes to establish a cutting nursery. The growth and development of sprouting tillers is the result of coordinated regulation of various endogenous hormones, and finally develops into spikes. We aimed to investigate the content changes of endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin 3 (GA 3 ), zeatin (ZT), and abscisic acid (ABA) in P. yunnanensis seedlings after decapitation, and to lay a foundation for hormone regulation mechanism in combination with sprouting ability. The plant were one-year-old P. yunnanensis seedlings, the hormone variation characteristics were clarified by decapitation to promote sprouting, and combined with the sprouting ability to analyze the endogenous hormone variations. Decapitation significantly improved GA 3 , ZT+GA 3 , IAA+ZT+GA 3 , and the early sprouting stage (ESS) of IAA and ABA. ZT was no significant change. Decapitation significantly improved the GA 3 /ABA, (ZT+GA 3 )/ABA, (IAA+ZT+GA 3 )/ABA and the ESS of IAA/ABA, and significantly reduced ZT/IAA in the ESS responded decapitation by changing the contents and the balance. The changes in dynamic balance in GA 3 , GA 3 /ABA, (ZT+GA 3 )/ABA, and (IAA+ZT+GA 3 )/ABA were the most significant. The sprouts number was significantly positively correlated with GA 3 , ZT+GA 3 , IAA+ZT+GA 3 , GA 3 /ABA, (ZT+GA 3 )/ABA, (IAA+ZT+GA 3 )/ABA, and significant positive correlation with ZT/IAA. Sprouts growth was extremely significantly positively correlated with GA 3 , GA 3 /ABA, (ZT+GA 3 )/ABA, and (IAA+ZT+GA 3 )/ABA. The hormone contents and ratios regulated the occurrence and germination of growth. Dynamic balance of GA 3 , GA 3 /ABA, (ZT+GA 3 )/ABA, and (IAA+ZT+GA 3 )/ABA played more important roles in the number and growth of sprouts. GA 3 played a crucial regulatory role in promoting the sprouting and growth. IAA, ZT, and ABA played an important regulatory role through the interaction between hormones. The mutual balance of hormones promotes the growth and development of sprouting tillers of P.yunnanensis . This experiment explored the response of endogenous hormone content and ratio changes to tiller sprouting by comparing decapitation and non-decapitation, explored the growth and development law of P. yunnanensis tiller sprouting, shortened the seedlings cycle, and provided a scientific basis for the establishment of cutting nursery.