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Aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) is an anthracycline antitumor agent widely used in clinical practice. The current industrial production of ACM-A relies primarily on chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. However, chemical synthesis involves multiple reactions which give rise to high production costs and environmental pollution. Microbial fermentation is a sustainable strategy, yet the current fermentation yield is too low to satisfy market demand. Hence, strain improvement is highly desirable, and tremendous endeavors have been made to decipher biosynthesis pathways and modify key enzymes. In this review, we comprehensively describe the reported biosynthesis pathways, key enzymes, and, especially, catalytic mechanisms. In addition, we come up with strategies to uncover unknown enzymes and improve the activities of rate-limiting enzymes. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights for complete biosynthesis of ACM-A.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B-cell dysregulation and autoantibody production. This study aimed to characterize the alterations in peripheral blood B-cell subsets across different states of SLE and to evaluate their diagnostic value and association with specific autoantibodies.A total of 84 participants were enrolled, comprising 64 SLE patients (including 20 newly diagnosed, 27 stable, and 17 with lupus nephritis) and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood B-cell subsets, including naïve B-cells, memory B-cells, and plasmablasts, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Their diagnostic performance was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Associations with anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm antibody status were also evaluated.Compared to HCs, SLE patients exhibited significant disturbances in B-cell homeostasis. The most consistent finding was a profound decrease in the absolute frequency of memory B cells across all patient groups (newly diagnosed, stable, and LN; all p < 0.001). Newly diagnosed patients showed a significant expansion of plasmablasts (p = 0.017), which was less pronounced in stable and LN groups. ROC analysis demonstrated that the absolute memory B-cell frequency (memory B%) had outstanding diagnostic performance for SLE (AUC = 0.905, 80% sensitivity, 80% specificity). Furthermore, higher anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titers and anti-dsDNA positivity were significantly associated with a decreased absolute naïve B-cell count and an increased relative proportion of plasmablasts. Anti-Sm positivity was specifically linked to a higher plasmablast proportion (p = 0.006).Our findings highlight a marked disruption of peripheral B-cell subsets in SLE, particularly a persistent reduction in memory B cells and an expansion of plasmablasts in active disease. Memory B cells serve as an excellent diagnostic biomarker, while plasmablast expansion is closely associated with specific autoantibodies, underscoring the pivotal role of aberrant B-cell differentiation in SLE immunopathogenesis.

To improve the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete, silica fume, and polyvinyl alcohol fiber compounded in concrete. The mechanical and frost resistance of concrete were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated for strength change, mass loss, and relative dynamic elastic modulus change by compressive strength test, flexural strength test, and rapid freeze-thaw test. The results showed that with the incorporation of silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber, the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete were improved, and the decrease in mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete after freeze-thaw cycles were significantly reduced, which indicated that the compounding of silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber improved the frost resistance of concrete. When the content of silica fume was 10% and the volume content of polyvinyl alcohol fiber was 1%, the comprehensive mechanical performance and frost resistance of concrete is the best. The compressive strength increased by 26.6% and flexural strength increased by 29.17% compared to ordinary concrete. Based on the test data, to study the macroscopic damage evolution of concrete compound silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber under repeated freeze-thaw conditions. The Weibull distribution probability model and GM (1, 1) model were established. The average relative errors between the predicted and actual data of the two models are small and very close. It is shown that both models can reflect well the development of concrete damage under a freeze-thaw environment. This provides an important reference value and theoretical basis for the durability evaluation and life prediction of compound silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber concrete in cold regions.

Taking high ductility concrete (HDFC) as a research object, the frost resistance of HDFC in freeze-thaw cycle tests is studied, accurately predicted, and quantitatively described. Taking the relative dynamic elastic modulus as the evaluation index, the response surface model and GM (1,1) model were used to study the frost resistance of HDFC, and the advantages and disadvantages were evaluated. Design-Expert software was used to establish a response surface model to study the effects of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) length, polyvinyl alcohol fiber volume content, and number of freeze-thaw cycles on the frost resistance of HDFC, and a fitting relationship model between the relative dynamic elastic modulus and these three factors was established. The results show that the influence of PVA fiber content on the frost resistance durability of HDFC is higher than that of the PVA fiber length, but the effect of the external environment on the degree of deterioration for HDFC is greater than the improvement of the properties of the material itself; that is, the freeze-thaw cycling has a greater effect than the PVA fiber content and length. Grey system theory was introduced in the HDFC freezing resistance test, and the change rule for the relative elastic modulus and the average relative error for the GM (1,1) model for varying PVA fiber length and content was determined to be less than 5%. It is concluded that the freezing resistance prediction accuracy for HDFC based on the GM (1,1) model is higher than that of the response surface model. The GM (1,1) model can be used to accurately predict the degree of damage caused by freezing and melting cycles for HDFC.

The Quartzite-type crystalline graphite deposit of East China, which is developed in the South Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, represents a medium-sized crystalline graphite deposit. The ore bodies primarily occur within the Banzhuang Formation of the Donghai Group, with their strata-bound occurrence, indicating a sedimentary-metamorphic origin. In this study, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical investigations were conducted on the ore-bearing strata. The quartzite-type graphite ores mainly consist of graphite-bearing diopside quartzite and graphite-bearing sericite-quartz schist. These ores typically occur as lenticular bodies that predominantly preserve early-stage ductile deformation features. The characteristic mineral assemblage (diopside + quartz + calcite + graphite + garnet) suggested amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions, with the ore type classified as massive crystalline graphite. Major element geochemistry revealed enrichment in SiO and Al , moderate contents of Fe and K O, and depletion in CaO and MgO. Protolith analysis indicated the quartzite-type graphite ores were derived from graywacke and claystone deposited in a continental margin to continental island arc setting. Carbon isotope analysis revealed that the organic carbon isotopes (δ C) ranged from −30.8 % to −32.2 %, indicating that the graphite was of biogenic origin. Raman spectroscopy analysis demonstrated well-developed crystallinity of the graphite, suggesting its formation under medium-to high-temperature metamorphic conditions between 430 and 655 °C. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of the graphite ores revealed a dominant age population with a weighted mean age of 733 ± 16 Ma, indicating that magmatic rocks formed during the middle-late Neoproterozoic served as the primary source for the terrigenous clastic components in the Quartzite-type crystalline graphite deposit’s metamorphic sequence. Subsequently, these rocks underwent medium- to high-grade metamorphism accompanied by regional dynamo-thermal metamorphism, which transformed the organic matter into crystalline graphite. It was noted that the ore-bearing strata could be affected by Cretaceous magmatic activity of 110 Ma.

The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the distribution and clinical significance of monocyte subsets within this compartment remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the composition of BM monocyte subpopulations and their relationship with systemic immunity and clinical outcomes in AML patients. We collected BM samples from 98 AML patients (including 23 newly diagnosed, 28 nonremission, and 47 complete remission [CR] cases) and 23 healthy controls (HCs). Using flow cytometry, we analyzed monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, nonclassical) and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (m-MDSCs) in BM, along with T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. Survival analysis was performed with 1-year follow-up data. Both the proportion of intermediate monocytes and m-MDSCs among total monocytes were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed AML patients compared to those in HCs (   = 0.019 and   = 0.003, respectively) and CR ( = 0.003 and = 0.037, respectively). This elevation was followed by a gradual decrease from diagnosis to remission. Multivariate Cox regression identified intermediate monocyte percentage as an independent prognostic factor (HR = 4.170, = 0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that higher intermediate monocyte levels predicted shorter overall survival (OS) ( = 0.031) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) ( = 0.028). Importantly, negative correlations were observed between BM blasts and peripheral blood T-cell percentage (  = -0.467, = 0.005) and CD8 T cells (  = -0.504, = 0.002), and between intermediate monocytes among total monocytes and total T-cell percentage (  = -0.475, = 0.004). BM monocyte subsets, particularly intermediate monocytes, serve as significant indicators of disease progression and survival in AML. Their correlation with peripheral T-cell immunity suggests their potential role in modulating antileukemic immune responses. These findings highlight the prognostic value of BM monocyte profiling and provide insights for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies in AML.

The direct utilization of low-light images hinders downstream visual tasks. Traditional low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods, such as Retinex-based networks, require image pairs. A spiking-coding methodology called intensity-to-latency has been used to gradually acquire the structural characteristics of an image. convLSTM has been used to connect the features. This study introduces a simplified DCENet to achieve unsupervised LLIE as well as the spiking coding mode of a spiking neural network. It also applies the comprehensive coding features of convLSTM to improve the subjective and objective effects of LLIE. In the ablation experiment for the proposed structure, the convLSTM structure was replaced by a convolutional neural network, and the classical CBAM attention was introduced for comparison. Five objective evaluation metrics were compared with nine LLIE methods that currently exhibit strong comprehensive performance, with PSNR, SSIM, MSE, UQI, and VIFP exceeding the second place at 4.4% (0.8%), 3.9% (17.2%), 0% (15%), 0.1% (0.2%), and 4.3% (0.9%) on the LOL and SCIE datasets. Further experiments of the user study in five non-reference datasets were conducted to subjectively evaluate the effects depicted in the images. These experiments verified the remarkable performance of the proposed method.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effects on reducing 24-h urinary protein (24-h UPRO) and improves renal function indices. The current level of evidence-based medicine is still not enough due to the limitation of clinical center size and sample size. Objective: We aimed to update the current evidence on the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and SinoMed were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine with that of Western medicine alone for the treatment of DKD. The main outcome measure was 24-h UPRO. The secondary outcomes were serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of 44 RCTs with 3,730 participants were included. The summary estimates showed that compared with Western medicine alone, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly improved 24-h UPRO [standardized mean difference (SMD) −1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.45 to −0.74]. Moreover, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly reduced the levels of other renal function indices, including Scr (SMD −1.25, 95% CI: −1.69 to −0.81) and BUN (SMD −0.75, 95% CI: −1.10 to −0.40). TCM combined with Western medicine also showed greater benefits in reducing the levels of FBG (SMD −0.31, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.15) and HbA1c (SMD −0.62, 95% CI: −0.89 to −0.36) in patients with DKD. In addition, superior effects on the lipid profile were noted in the TCM combined with Western medicine group in terms of TG (SMD −1.17, 95% CI: −1.76 to −0.59) and TC (SMD −0.95, 95% CI: −1.43 to −0.47). The risk of bias could have resulted from selective reports, unclear randomization methods, unblinded assignments, and some missing data. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that TCM combined with Western medicine has significant effects on reducing 24-h UPRO and improves renal function indices and lipid profiles compared with Western medicine alone for DKD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias of the included trials. Systematic Review Registration: [ https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=213199 ], identifier [CRD: 42020213199].

Due to the information non-independence of attributes, combined with a complex and changeable environment, the analysis of risks faces great difficulties. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a new three-way decision-making (3WD) method, combined with prospect theory and a non-additive measure, to cope with multi-source and incomplete risk information systems. Prospect theory improves the loss function of the original 3WD model, and the combination of non-additive measurement and probability measurement provides a new perspective to understand the meaning of decision-making, which could measure the relative degree by considering expert knowledge and objective data. The theoretical basis and framework of this model are illustrated, and this model is applied to a real in-service aviation equipment structures risk evaluation problem involving multiple incomplete risk information sources. When the simulation analysis is carried out, the results show that the availability of this method is verified. This method can also evaluate and rank key risk factors in equipment structures, which provides a reliable basis for decisions in aviation safety management.

Developing a porous separation membrane that can efficiently separate oil–water emulsions still represents a challenge. In this study, nanofiber membranes with polydopamine clusters polymerized and embedded on the surface were successfully constructed using a solution blow-spinning process. The hierarchical surface structure enhanced the selective wettability, superhydrophilicity in air (≈0°), and underwater oleophobicity (≈160.2°) of the membrane. This membrane can effectively separate oil–water emulsions, achieving an excellent permeation flux (1552 Lm−2 h−1) and high separation efficiency (~99.86%) while operating only under the force of gravity. When the external driving pressure was increased to 20 kPa, the separation efficiency hardly changed (99.81%). However, the permeation flux significantly increased to 5894 Lm−2 h−1. These results show that the as-prepared polydopamine nanocluster-embedded nanofiber membrane has an excellent potential for oily wastewater treatment applications.