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"Xue, Han"
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The revolution in energy technology : innovation and the economics of the solar photovoltaic industry
\"The solar photovoltaic sector is moving forward very fast, both in terms of its own technological advancement and its standing among global renewable energy technologies. Rapid increases in solar cell efficiencies, fast technical change in solar batteries and solar glass, and economies of scale in production fuel its rapid adoption, and it is becoming clear that existing forecasts about its adoption need to be updated extensively. This timely and distinctive examination of the economic side of the field takes into account solar PV's recent and growing lead among renewable energies competing to replace fossil fuels. The Revolution in Energy Technology examines the birth of this technology in the United States, where the main innovators are still located, the emergence of China as a main production hub, and new and growing contributions to the innovation cascades from other countries including Germany, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The participation of universities as investors and the role of venture capital are discussed, and particular emphasis is given to the domination of the sector by large firms. The book is interesting for both academics and graduate students as well as policy-makers, technicians, engineers and companies involved in the field.\"-- Back cover.
Book
Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Growing evidence has shown that alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with multiple autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, it is unclear whether these associations reflect a causal relationship.
To reveal the causal association between gut microbiota and AD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
We assessed genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for gut microbiota and six common ADs, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and celiac disease (CeD), from published GWASs. Two-sample MR analyses were first performed to identify causal bacterial taxa for ADs in discovery samples. Significant bacterial taxa were further replicated in independent replication outcome samples. A series of sensitivity analyses was performed to validate the robustness of the results. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation.
Combining the results from the discovery and replication stages, we identified one causal bacterial genus,
. A higher relative abundance of the
genus was associated with a higher risk of T1D [odds ratio (OR): 1.605; 95% CI, 1.339-1.922;
= 4.19 × 10
] and CeD (OR: 1.401; 95% CI, 1.139-1.722;
= 2.03 × 10
), respectively. Further sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the above associations. The results of reverse MR analysis showed no evidence of reverse causality from T1D and CeD to the
genus.
This study implied a causal relationship between the
genus and T1D and CeD, thus providing novel insights into the gut microbiota-mediated development mechanism of ADs.
Journal Article
The role of circadian clock genes in tumors
Circadian rhythms are generated via variations in the expression of clock genes that are organized into a complex transcriptional-translational autoregulatory network and regulate the diverse physiological and behavioral activities that are required to adapt to periodic environmental changes. Aberrant clock gene expression is associated with a heightened risk of diseases that affect all aspects of human health, including cancers. Within the past several years, a number of studies have indicated that clock genes contribute to carcinogenesis by altering the expression of clock-controlled and tumor-related genes downstream of many cellular pathways. This review comprehensively summarizes how clock genes affect the development of tumors and their prognosis. In addition, the review provides a full description of the current state of oral cancer research that aims to optimize cancer diagnosis and treatment modalities.
Journal Article
تاريخ موجز للبكتيريا : اللعبة الأزلية بين الإنسان والبكتيريا
يشرح كتاب \"تاريخ موجز للبكتيريا : اللعبة الأزلية بين الإنسان والبكتيريا\" كيف تسبب البكتيريا الأمراض، وكيف يطلق الجهاز المناعي البشري آليات دفاع فعالة في الوقت المناسب ضد العدوى البكتيرية، والسبب وراء الأهمية البالغة لاكتشاف وتطبيق البنسلين والستربتوميسين، وكيف ابتكر العلماء أدوية للتغلب على البكتيريا، أيضا إمكانية تفوق هذه البكتيريا على الأدوية الحديثة.
Book
Focal amplifications are associated with chromothripsis events and diverse prognoses in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma
The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, we identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient samples, and find focal amplifications in the GCA cohort are associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits. We observe diverse correlations between the presence of oncogene focal amplifications and prognosis, where
ERBB2
focal amplifications positively correlate with prognosis and
EGFR
focal amplifications negatively correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients show survival probability of ERBB2 positive patients is lower than that of ERBB2 negative patients when their surviving time is under 2 years, however, the tendency is opposite when their surviving time is longer than 2 years. Our observations indicate that the
ERBB2
focal amplifications may represent a good prognostic marker in GCA patients.
The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, the authors identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient samples, as well as the potential associations of these alterations with prognosis and dietary habits.
Journal Article
Flood inundation assessment for the Hanoi Central Area, Vietnam under historical and extreme rainfall conditions
Flash floods have long been common in Asian cities, with recent increases in urbanization and extreme rainfall driving increasingly severe and frequent events. Floods in urban areas cause significant damage to infrastructure, communities and the environment. Numerical modelling of flood inundation offers detailed information necessary for managing flood risk in such contexts. This study presents a calibrated flood inundation model using referenced photos, an assessment of the influence of four extreme rainfall events on water depth and inundation area in the Hanoi central area. Four types of historical and extreme rainfall were input into the inundation model. The modeled results for a 2008 flood event with 9 referenced stations resulted in an R
2
of 0.6 compared to observations. The water depth at the different locations was simulated under the four extreme rainfall types. The flood inundation under the Probable Maximum Precipitation presents the highest risk in terms of water depth and inundation area. These results provide insights into managing flood risk, designing flood prevention measures, and appropriately locating pump stations.
Journal Article
Multi-Output Based Hybrid Integrated Models for Student Performance Prediction
In higher education, student learning relies increasingly on autonomy. With the rise in blended learning, both online and offline, students need to further improve their online learning effectiveness. Therefore, predicting students’ performance and identifying students who are struggling in real time to intervene is an important way to improve learning outcomes. However, currently, machine learning in grade prediction applications typically only employs a single-output prediction method and has lagging issues. To advance the prediction of time and enhance the predictive attributes, as well as address the aforementioned issues, this study proposes a multi-output hybrid ensemble model that utilizes data from the Superstar Learning Communication Platform (SLCP) to predict grades. Experimental results show that using the first six weeks of SLCP data and the Xgboost model to predict mid-term and final grades meant that accuracy reached 78.37%, which was 3–8% higher than the comparison models. Using the Gdbt model to predict homework and experiment grades, the average mean squared error was 16.76, which is better than the comparison models. This study uses a multi-output hybrid ensemble model to predict how grades can help improve student learning quality and teacher teaching effectiveness.
Journal Article
Central medial thalamic nucleus dynamically participates in acute itch sensation and chronic itch-induced anxiety-like behavior in male mice
Itch is an annoying sensation consisting of both sensory and emotional components. It is known to involve the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), but the following transmission nodes remain elusive. The present study identified that the PBN-central medial thalamic nucleus (CM)-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway is essential for itch signal transmission at the supraspinal level in male mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of the CM-mPFC pathway attenuates scratching behavior or chronic itch-related affective responses. CM input to mPFC pyramidal neurons is enhanced in acute and chronic itch models. Specifically chronic itch stimuli also alter mPFC interneuron involvement, resulting in enhanced feedforward inhibition and a distorted excitatory/inhibitory balance in mPFC pyramidal neurons. The present work underscores CM as a transmit node of the itch signal in the thalamus, which is dynamically engaged in both the sensory and affective dimensions of itch with different stimulus salience.
Itch is known to involve the parabrachial nucleus, but the following transmission nodes remain elusive. Here, the authors show in male mice that the central medial thalamic nucleus—medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway transmits itch signals and is involved in both acute scratching and chronic itch-related affective behavior, with an altered excitatory/inhibitory balance in mPFC in chronic itch models.
Journal Article
Progress in Neoantigen Targeted Cancer Immunotherapies
Immunotherapies that harness the immune system to kill cancer cells have showed significant therapeutic efficacy in many human malignancies. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relevance of neoantigens in recognizing cancer cells by intrinsic T cells. Cancer neoantigens are a direct consequence of somatic mutations presenting on the surface of individual cancer cells. Neoantigens are fully cancer-specific and exempt from central tolerance. In addition, neoantigens are important targets for checkpoint blockade therapy. Recently, technological innovations have made neoantigen discovery possible in a variety of malignancies, thus providing an impetus to develop novel immunotherapies that selectively enhance T cell reactivity for the destruction of cancer cells while leaving normal tissues unharmed. In this review, we aim to introduce the methods of the identification of neoantigens, the mutational patterns of human cancers, related clinical trials, neoantigen burden and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. Moreover, we focus on relevant challenges of targeting neoantigens for cancer treatment.
Journal Article