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The Pt-chitosan-TiO2 charge transfer (CT) complex was synthesized via the sol-gel and impregnation method. The synthesized photocatalysts were thoroughly characterized, and their photocatalytic activity were evaluated toward H2 production through water reduction under visible-light irradiation. The effect of the preparation conditions of the photocatalysts (the degree of deacetylation of chitosan, addition amount of chitosan, and calcination temperature) on the photocatalytic activity was discussed. The optimal Pt-10%DD75-T200 showed a H2 generation rate of 280.4 μmol within 3 h. The remarkable visible-light photocatalytic activity of Pt-chitosan-TiO2 was due to the CT complex formation between chitosan and TiO2, which extended the visible-light absorption and induced the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The photocatalytic mechanism of Pt-chitosan-TiO2 was also investigated. This paper outlines a new and facile pathway for designing novel visible-light-driven photocatalysts that are based on TiO2 modified by polysaccharide biomass wastes that are widely found in nature.

The harmful effects of antibiotics on aquatic environments have become a growing concern of modern society. Developing high-performance photocatalysts capable of degrading antibiotics under solar light is, therefore, crucial. In this study, TiO2-cuttlebone composites are prepared via the sol–gel method, to produce carbonate radicals (•CO3−) under solar light irradiation. The •CO3− radicals exhibit high selectivity for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Compared to TiO2 alone, the TiO2-cuttlebone composite demonstrates excellent solar-driven photocatalytic activity for TC degradation in both freshwater and seawater. The reaction pathways of TC degradation in seawater are elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, a TiO2-cuttlebone self-suspending photocatalyst device is fabricated using 3D printing technology and low-temperature deposition methods, with aluminum–plastic (AP) as a substrate. This innovative device is easily recyclable from photocatalytic solutions while maintaining high stability, making it highly desirable for practical applications.

Manganese‐based compounds have been regarded as the most promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, aqueous Zn–manganese dioxide (MnO2) batteries have poor cycling stability and are unstable across a wide temperature range, severely limiting their commercial application. Cationic preinsertion and defect engineering might increase active sites and electron delocalization, which render the high mobility of the MnO2 cathode when operated across a wide temperature range. In the present work, for the first time, we successfully introduced lithium ions and ammonium ions into manganese dioxide (LNMOd@CC) by an electrodeposition combined with low‐temperature calcination route using spent lithium manganate as a raw material. The obtained LNMOd@CC exhibits a high reversible capacity (300 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) and an outstanding long lifespan of over 9000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1 with a capacity of 152 mAh g−1, which is significant for both the high‐value recycling of spent lithium manganate batteries and high‐performance modification for MnO2 cathodes. Besides, the LNMOd@CC demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance across wide temperature ranges (0–50°C). This strategy simultaneously alleviates the shortage of raw materials and fabricates electrodes for new battery systems. This work provides a new strategy for recovering cathode materials of spent lithium‐ion batteries and designing aqueous multivalent ion batteries. Fabrication of manganese oxides with cationic predoped and oxygen defects to facilitate the zinc storage in wide‐temperature workable. The high reversible capacity of 152 mAh g−1 was achieved even after 9000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1, which is comparable to other cathodes of zinc‐ion batteries. The Zn//LNMOd@CC batteries with attractive cycling performance are stable for more than 850 cycles at a low temperature of 0°C.

The S-doped Sb 2 O 3 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized using SbCl 3 and thioacetamide (TAA) as precursors via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The effects of pH of the precursor reaction solution on the product composition and property were determined. The results indicated that the doping amount of S could be tuned by adjusting the pH of the precursor solution. Furthermore, the S entered into the interstitial site of Sb 2 O 3 crystals as S 2− , which broadened the absorption wavelength range of the Sb 2 O 3 nanocrystal. The S-doped Sb 2 O 3 exhibited an excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methyl orange and 4-phenylazophenol. Last, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the S-doped Sb 2 O 3 under visible light irradiation was proposed.

The development of a facile method for the synthesis of GaN:ZnO solid solution, an attractive material with a wurtzite-type structure, is vital to enhance its photocatalytic activity toward H2 evolution. Herein, GaN:ZnO solid solution nanorods with diameters of around 180 nm were fabricated by combining the electro-spun method with a sequentially calcinating process. Photocatalytic water-splitting activities of the as-obtained samples loaded with Rh2−yCryO3 co-catalyst were estimated by H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation. The as-prepared GaN:ZnO nanorods at a nitridation temperature of 850 °C showed the optimal performance. Careful characterization of the GaN:ZnO solid solution nanorods indicated that the nitridation temperature is an important parameter affecting the photocatalytic performance, which is related to the specific surface area and the absorbable visible-light wavelength range. Finally, the mechanism of the GaN:ZnO solid solution nanorods was also investigated. The proposed synthesis strategy paves a new way to realize excellent activity and recyclability of GaN:ZnO solid solution nanorod photocatalysts for hydrogen generation.

The harmful effects of antibiotics on aquatic environments have become a growing concern of modern society. Developing high-performance photocatalysts capable of degrading antibiotics under solar light is, therefore, crucial. In this study, TiO[sub.2]-cuttlebone composites are prepared via the sol–gel method, to produce carbonate radicals (•CO[sub.3] [sup.−]) under solar light irradiation. The •CO[sub.3] [sup.−] radicals exhibit high selectivity for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Compared to TiO[sub.2] alone, the TiO[sub.2]-cuttlebone composite demonstrates excellent solar-driven photocatalytic activity for TC degradation in both freshwater and seawater. The reaction pathways of TC degradation in seawater are elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, a TiO[sub.2]-cuttlebone self-suspending photocatalyst device is fabricated using 3D printing technology and low-temperature deposition methods, with aluminum–plastic (AP) as a substrate. This innovative device is easily recyclable from photocatalytic solutions while maintaining high stability, making it highly desirable for practical applications.

The fast recombination of photo-generated conduction band electrons ( e cb − ) and valance band holes ( h vb + ) of TiO 2 results in an unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance for organic degradation. To increase the efficiency of charge separation, TiO 2 was modified by Cu–Ce co-doping considering the better redox properties of copper–ceria oxide with respect to the single oxide, i.e., an easier electron capturing ability. An optimal Cu–Ce co-doped TiO 2 with the initial molar ratio of Cu/Ce at 3:1 was prepared by a hydrothermal method with the aim to greatly promote the charge separation, and characterized by XRD, BET, DRS, PL, HR-TEM, and XPS techniques. Upon ultraviolet light irradiation, it exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity, about 5.8 times that of Ti–HF. The presence of Cu 2+ and Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ benefits electrons captured by molecular oxygen, while an increased hydroxyl groups upon Cu–Ce co-doping consume more holes, resulting in prolonged lifetime of photo-generated carriers. Moreover, it is proved that electron transfers preferably from conduction band (CB) of TiO 2 to CB of CuO and then to nearby CeO 2 .

Photocatalytic degradation of an antibiotic by utilizing inexhaustible solar energy represents an ideal solution for tackling global environment issues. The target generation of active oxidative species is highly desirable for the photocatalytic pollutants degradation. Herein, aiming at the molecular structure of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), we construct sunlight-activated high-efficient catalysts of TiO2-eggshell (TE). The composite ingeniously utilizes the photoactive function of TiO2 and the composition of eggshell, which can produce oxidative ·CO3− species that are especially active for the degradation of aromatic compounds containing phenol or aniline structures. Through the synergistic oxidation of the··CO3− with the traditional holes (h+), superoxide radicals (·O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) involved in the photocatalytic process, the optimal TE photocatalyst degrades 92.0% TC in 30 min under solar light, which is higher than TiO2 and eggshell. The photocatalytic degradation pathway of TC over TE has been proposed. The response surface methodology is processed by varying four independent parameters (TC concentration, pH, catalyst dosage and reaction time) on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) to optimize the experimental conditions. It is anticipated that the present work can facilitate the development of novel photocatalysts for selective oxidation based on ·CO3−.

Photocatalytic degradation of an antibiotic by utilizing inexhaustible solar energy represents an ideal solution for tackling global environment issues. The target generation of active oxidative species is highly desirable for the photocatalytic pollutants degradation. Herein, aiming at the molecular structure of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), we construct sunlight-activated high-efficient catalysts of TiO -eggshell (TE). The composite ingeniously utilizes the photoactive function of TiO and the composition of eggshell, which can produce oxidative ·CO species that are especially active for the degradation of aromatic compounds containing phenol or aniline structures. Through the synergistic oxidation of the··CO with the traditional holes (h ), superoxide radicals (·O ) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) involved in the photocatalytic process, the optimal TE photocatalyst degrades 92.0% TC in 30 min under solar light, which is higher than TiO and eggshell. The photocatalytic degradation pathway of TC over TE has been proposed. The response surface methodology is processed by varying four independent parameters (TC concentration, pH, catalyst dosage and reaction time) on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize the experimental conditions. It is anticipated that the present work can facilitate the development of novel photocatalysts for selective oxidation based on ·CO .

Manganese‐based compounds have been regarded as the most promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, aqueous Zn–manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) batteries have poor cycling stability and are unstable across a wide temperature range, severely limiting their commercial application. Cationic preinsertion and defect engineering might increase active sites and electron delocalization, which render the high mobility of the MnO 2 cathode when operated across a wide temperature range. In the present work, for the first time, we successfully introduced lithium ions and ammonium ions into manganese dioxide (LNMO d @CC) by an electrodeposition combined with low‐temperature calcination route using spent lithium manganate as a raw material. The obtained LNMO d @CC exhibits a high reversible capacity (300 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 ) and an outstanding long lifespan of over 9000 cycles at 5.0 A g −1 with a capacity of 152 mAh g −1 , which is significant for both the high‐value recycling of spent lithium manganate batteries and high‐performance modification for MnO 2 cathodes. Besides, the LNMO d @CC demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance across wide temperature ranges (0–50°C). This strategy simultaneously alleviates the shortage of raw materials and fabricates electrodes for new battery systems. This work provides a new strategy for recovering cathode materials of spent lithium‐ion batteries and designing aqueous multivalent ion batteries.