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"Xue, Yuan"
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Multi-omics reveals that the rumen microbiome and its metabolome together with the host metabolome contribute to individualized dairy cow performance
Background
Recently, we reported that some dairy cows could produce high amounts of milk with high amounts of protein (defined as milk protein yield [MPY]) when a population was raised under the same nutritional and management condition, a potential new trait that can be used to increase high-quality milk production. It is unknown to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites, as well as the host metabolism, contribute to MPY. Here, analysis of rumen metagenomics and metabolomics, together with serum metabolomics was performed to identify potential regulatory mechanisms of MPY at both the rumen microbiome and host levels.
Results
Metagenomics analysis revealed that several
Prevotella
species were significantly more abundant in the rumen of high-MPY cows, contributing to improved functions related to branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. In addition, the rumen microbiome of high-MPY cows had lower relative abundances of organisms with methanogen and methanogenesis functions, suggesting that these cows may produce less methane. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the relative concentrations of rumen microbial metabolites (mainly amino acids, carboxylic acids, and fatty acids) and the absolute concentrations of volatile fatty acids were higher in the high-MPY cows. By associating the rumen microbiome with the rumen metabolome, we found that specific microbial taxa (mainly
Prevotella
species) were positively correlated with ruminal microbial metabolites, including the amino acids and carbohydrates involved in glutathione, phenylalanine, starch, sucrose, and galactose metabolism. To detect the interactions between the rumen microbiome and host metabolism, we associated the rumen microbiome with the host serum metabolome and found that
Prevotella
species may affect the host’s metabolism of amino acids (including glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, cysteine, and methionine). Further analysis using the linear mixed effect model estimated contributions to the variation in MPY based on different omics and revealed that the rumen microbial composition, functions, and metabolites, and the serum metabolites contributed 17.81, 21.56, 29.76, and 26.78%, respectively, to the host MPY.
Conclusions
These findings provide a fundamental understanding of how the microbiome-dependent and host-dependent mechanisms contribute to varied individualized performance in the milk production quality of dairy cows under the same management condition. This fundamental information is vital for the development of potential manipulation strategies to improve milk quality and production through precision feeding.
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Video Abstract
Journal Article
Calcium-activated 14-3-3 proteins as a molecular switch in salt stress tolerance
Calcium is a universal secondary messenger that triggers many cellular responses. However, it is unclear how a calcium signal is coordinately decoded by different calcium sensors, which in turn regulate downstream targets to fulfill a specific physiological function. Here we show that SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5 (PKS5) can negatively regulate the Salt-Overly-Sensitive signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. PKS5 can interact with and phosphorylate SOS2 at Ser
294
, promote the interaction between SOS2 and 14-3-3 proteins, and repress SOS2 activity. However, salt stress promotes an interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and PKS5, repressing its kinase activity and releasing inhibition of SOS2. We provide evidence that 14-3-3 proteins bind to Ca
2+
, and that Ca
2+
modulates 14-3-3-dependent regulation of SOS2 and PKS5 kinase activity. Our results suggest that a salt-induced calcium signal is decoded by 14-3-3 and SOS3/SCaBP8 proteins, which selectively activate/inactivate the downstream protein kinases SOS2 and PKS5 to regulate Na
+
homeostasis by coordinately mediating plasma membrane Na
+
/H
+
antiporter and H
+
-ATPase activity.
Salinity triggers an increase in cytosolic Ca
2+
concentration in plants. Here, the authors propose a model whereby 14-3-3 proteins decode this calcium signature and regulate Na
+
extrusion via Ca
2+
-dependent regulation of PKS5 and SOS2 kinases that in turn regulate the Na
+
/H
+
antiporter SOS1 and PM H
+
-ATPase
Journal Article
Diisopropylammonium Bromide Is a High-Temperature Molecular Ferroelectric Crystal
Molecular ferroelectrics are highly desirable for their easy and environmentally friendly processing, light weight, and mechanical flexibility. We found that diisopropylammonium bromide (DIPAB), a molecular crystal processed from aqueous solution, is a ferroelectric with a spontaneous polarization of 23 microcoulombs per square centimeter [close to that of barium titanate (BTO)], high Curie temperature of 426 kelvin (above that of BTO), large dielectric constant, and low dielectric loss. DIPAB exhibits good piezoelectric response and well-defined ferroelectric domains. These attributes make it a molecular alternative to perovskite ferroelectrics and ferroelectric polymers in sensing, actuation, data storage, electro-optics, and molecular or flexible electronics.
Journal Article
Impact of internet of things (IoT) on inventory management: A literature survey
Background: The advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies has affected every aspect of supply chains. Recently, enterprises have tried to create more value for their businesses by tapping into these new technologies. Warehouses have been one of the most critical sections in a supply chain affected by Industry 4.0 technologies. Methods: By recognizing the role of inventory management in a supply chain and its importance, this paper aims to highlight the impact of IoT technologies on inventory management in supply chains and conducts a comprehensive study to identify the research gap of applying IoT to inventory management. The trend and potential opportunities of applying IoT to inventory management in the Industry 4.0 era are explored by analyzing the literature. Results: Our findings show that the research on this topic is growing in various industries. A broad range of journals is paying particular attention to this topic and publishing more articles in this research direction. Conclusions: Upgrading a supply chain into an integrated supply chain 4.0 is beneficial. Given the changes in fourth-generation technology compared to previous generations, the approach of conventional inventory replenishment policies seems not responsive enough to new technologies and is not able to cope with IoT systems well.
Journal Article
Assessing the impact of land surface temperature on urban net primary productivity increment based on geographically weighted regression model
Urbanization had a huge impact on the regional ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP). Although the urban heat island (UHI) caused by urbanization has been found to have a certain promoting effect on urban vegetation NPP, the factors on the impact still are not identified. In this study, the impact of urbanization on NPP was divided into direct impact (NPP
dir
) and indirect impact (NPP
ind
), taking Kunming city as a case study area. Then, the spatial heterogeneity impact of land surface temperature (LST) on NPP
ind
was analyzed based on the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results indicated that NPP, LST, NPP
dir
and NPP
ind
in 2001, 2009 and 2018 had significant spatial autocorrelation in Kunming based on spatial analytical model. LST had a positive impact on NPP
ind
in the central area of Kunming. The positively correlation areas of LST on NPP
ind
increased by 4.56%, and the NPP
ind
caused by the UHI effect increased by an average of 4.423 gC m
−2
from 2009 to 2018. GWR model can reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of LST on NPP
ind
. Overall, our findings indicated that LST has a certain role in promoting urban NPP.
Journal Article