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Background/Objectives: The sella turcica is a key anatomical landmark due to its close relationship with the pituitary gland and surrounding structures. This study aimed to compare morphometric characteristics of the sella turcica in autopsy cases according to sex and to develop machine learning (ML)-based sex estimation models using these measurements. Methods: This study included 230 individuals (115 males, 115 females). Sella turcica morphometric measurements (length, depth, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters) were analyzed. In addition, associations with age, height, and weight were evaluated. Sex differences and correlations were assessed using non-parametric tests. Generalized additive models were applied to evaluate non-linear effects of height and weight, and ML algorithms (LR, RF, SVM, XGBoost) were used for sex classification with 10-fold cross-validation. Results: Data from 230 individuals (115 males, 115 females) were analyzed. All sella turcica dimensions were significantly greater in males (p < 0.001). Height showed strong positive correlations with all measurements, whereas weight showed weaker associations and age was not significant. Generalized additive models demonstrated high performance for length and anteroposterior diameter (adjusted R2 ≈ 0.956), high performance for transverse diameter (R2 = 0.936), and moderate performance for depth (R2 = 0.700), with significant non-linear effects of height and weight. ML models achieved high accuracy (>95%), with SVM performing best (accuracy: 0.991; AUC: 0.997), and transverse diameter identified as the most important predictor. Conclusions: Sella turcica morphometry demonstrates strong sexual dimorphism and is primarily influenced by body size parameters, particularly height. Non-linear modelling approaches such as GAM effectively capture complex anatomical relationships, while ML models, especially SVM, provide promising sex estimation. Among all variables, transverse diameter emerges as the most robust and consistent predictor, highlighting its potential utility in forensic and anthropological applications.

Research on immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment has recently gained importance. In this context, natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to kill cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Our study used the NK-92 cells that were stimulated with anti-CD226 antibodies (sNK-92) to increase their activity to target MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. MCF-12A normal breast cells were used as the control in all experiments. The cytotoxic effects of NK-92 and sNK-92 cells on MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated using lactate dehydrogenase tests. The sNK-92 cells were more cytotoxic than NK-92 cells on MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, a significant cytotoxic change was not observed in MCF-12A cells cocultured with NK-92 and sNK-92 cells. An increase in granzyme B levels after coculturing with sNK-92 cells was investigated using the granzyme B enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sNK-92 cells secreted more granzyme B than NK-92 cells against MDA-MB-231 cells. This increase was not observed in MCF-12A, indicating that sNK-92 cells specifically target cancer cells. In addition, immunostaining was used to investigate the synthesis level of BAX, CASP3, and CASP9 proteins to determine whether the observed cytotoxic effect was due to apoptosis. These proteins were synthesized more in MDA-MB-231 cells cocultured with sNK-92 than with NK-92 cells. However, no increase in their synthesis was observed in normal breast cells cocultured with NK-92 and sNK-92 cells. In conclusion, NK-92 cells stimulated with anti-CD226 antibodies secrete more granzyme B, resulting in a greater cytotoxic effect by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis). The fact that the observed effects on breast cancer cells were not observed in normal breast cells indicates that sNK-92 cells specifically target breast cancer cells. These results indicate the potential use of CD226-stimulated NK-92 cells in immunotherapy. Graphical abstract

Breast cancer is a significant health problem worldwide, and the search for effective treatments is critical. Side effects of cancer treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy reduce the patient’s standard of living. Recently, natural compounds from plants have gained attention as potential anticancer agents due to their safety, low toxicity, and potential efficacy. Lycopodium Clavatum (LC) is an herb abundant in tropical regions and Europe and is known for its various medicinal properties. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of LC Water Extract (LC-WE) and LC Ethanol Extract (LC-EE) plant extracts on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Our results showed that LC treatment led to a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells, indicating its potential as an anticancer agent against human breast cancer. Additionally, we observed that LC treatment activated apoptosis-related proteins, including BAX, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. These results suggest that LC may induce apoptosis as a mechanism underlying its cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Previous studies have shown the anti-cancer potential of LC against different types of cancer. However, the anti-cancer effect of LC on human breast cancer cells has not been investigated to date. Therefore, our study provides novel insights into the potential of LC as an anti-cancer agent against breast cancer. Overall, our results highlight the potential of LC as a promising natural compound for breast cancer treatment. Graphical abstract

Introduction Palliative care (PC) is comprehensive care that includes not only patients but also families. In Turkish culture most caregivers consist of families. Caregiver burden (CB) is a serious problem which can lead to worsening of the quality of care. The aim of the study is evaluation of CB, depression and possible causes of these conditions. Material and methods Demographic information, follow-up in PC units, diagnosis and duration of disease of their patients and the outcome of follow-up in the emergency department (ED) (discharge, clinical or intensive care unit hospitalization, death) were collected in forms from all caregivers who have PC patients in the ED. Additionally, the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) were applied to the patients. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI) was used to evaluate the burden levels of caregivers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to determine depressive symptoms. Results Fourty four (57.1%) females and 33 (42.9%) males were included in the study. The mean BDI score was 21.68 ±12.6 points, while the mean ZCBI score was 45.70 ±16.5. A moderately statistically significant relationship was found between the BDI and ZCBI score (r – 0.337, p – 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between BDI and ZCBI scores of caregivers according to KPS scores of patients (p – 0.243 and p – 0.304). Conclusions The palliative care team should be aware of CB for caregivers of PC patients. Early detection of factors can be vital for preventing CB and possible development of depression.

Bu çalışmanın amacını “Üniversite öğrencilerinin mutluluk korkusunu; yaşam stilleri, algılanan anne-baba tutumu, doğum sırası, çocukluğun geçtiği yer, sosyo-ekonomik durum, cinsiyet ve ilişki durumu anlamlı bir şekilde yordamakta mıdır?” sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim görmekte olan üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora öğrencisi olmak üzere toplamda 408 öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan 287’si kadın 121’i erkektir. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Mutluluk Korkusu Ölçeği, Yaşam Stilleri Envanteri ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Algılanan anne-baba tutumu, doğum sırası, sosyo ekonomik durum, çocukluğun geçtiği yer, cinsiyet ve ilişki durumunun Yaşam stillerini ve Mutluluk Korkusunu ne düzeyde etkilediğini görmek amacıyla çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinin stepwise (aşamalı) metodu kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucuna göre Kontrol odaklı yaşam stili üzerinde düşük sosyo-ekonomik düzeyin pozitif ve anlamlı, son çocuk doğum sırasının negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Mükemmeliyet yaşam stili üzerinde otoriter anne-baba tutumunun negatif ve anlamlı, ilişki durumu ve cinsiyetin pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Memnuniyet odaklı yaşam stili üzerinde sadece cinsiyet değişkeninin pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Beklenti odaklı yaşam stili üzerinde son çocuk doğum sırasının ve orta sosyo ekonomik durumun negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Benlik saygısı yaşam stili üzerinde ise demokratik anne-baba tutumu, yüksek sosyo-ekonomik durum negatif ve anlamlı; ihmal eden anne-baba tutumu ve düşük sosyo-ekonomik durumun pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Ayrıca Mutluluk korkusu üzerinde ilişki durumu, koruyucu ve ihmal eden anne-baba tutumu pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Mutluluk korkusu ve yaşam stillerinin alt boyutları, aşamalı regresyon analiziyle incelendiğinde Mutluluk korkusu üzerinde Benlik saygısı yaşam stilinin pozitif ve anlamlı, Mükemmeliyet yaşam stilinin negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, son kısımda ilgili alan yazın ile birlikte tartışılıp yorumlanmıştır.

In this study, the relationship between perceived parental attitudes of adults towards their parents in the first 18 years of their lives and their emotional expressivity levels in adulthood was examined. Relational screening model was used in this study. It was held with the participation of 400 adults between the ages of 18-48. Data was collected by using “Personal Information Form” created by the researcher, “Abridged Perceived Parental Attitudes Scale Child Form (EMBU)” adapted into Turkish by Dirik et al. (2004), and “Berkeley Expressivity Questionaire (BEQ)” adapted into Turkish by Akın (2011). In the analysis of the data obtained, frequency analysis, independent groups t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. Within the framework of the main purpose of the research, the differentiation status of adult individuals' perceived parental attitude and emotional expressivity levels according to various variables was examined. Differences were determined according to various variables, namely, gender, age, financial situation, education level, mother or father education level, residential area; especially the parents' encouragement of a sport or art field in the child. As a result of the correlation analysis, a significant positive relationship was found between perceived father and mother emotional warmth and emotional expressivity. According to the regression analysis, the positive expressivity of the father's emotional warmth score and age variables explained 11% of the variance of the total scores. It was found that maternal emotional warmth score, maternal rejection score, and age variables explained 6% of the variance of the total scores of negative expressivity. Finally, it was revealed that the mother's emotional warmth score and the mother's rejection score explained 6% of the variance of the total scores of the impulse severity.

Kınık ve çevresi tarihin ilk dönemlerinden itibaren rağbet gören bir yerleşim yeri olmuştur. Karesi Beyliği'nin 1300 yılında kurulmasıyla birlikte bölge Türklerin eline geçmiştir. 1345 yılında Orhan Bey'in Bergama'yı almasıyla birlikte Osmanlı Devleti'nin sınırları içine dâhil edilmiştir.24 oğuz boyundan biri olan “Kınık” Anadolu topraklarında birçok yerleşim yerinin adı olmuştur. Bunların arasında ilçe hükmünde olan tek yer, çalışmamızın konusu olan İzmir İline bağl Kınık'tır.Kınık ilçe merkezi, kasaba ve köylerinde yapılmış olan bu çalışma, tarihi ve estetik değeri bulunan Türk eserleri incelenerek oluşturulmuştur. Bu bakımdan çalışmamız Giriş, Katalog, Değerlendirme ve sonuç, Eklerden oluşmaktadır. Katalog, mimari eserler ve mezar taşları olarak tasnif edilmiştir. Mimari eserler içinde; camiler, hamamlar, çeşmeler, köprüler, su kemerleri gibi yapılar incelenmiştir. Mezar taşları bölümünde ise hazire ve mezarlıklarda yer alan taşlar ölçükeri alınıp resimleri çekilip, kitâbeleri okunmak süretiyle katalog içinde yer almıştır.Çalışmanın genelinde eserlerin genel özellikleri, süslemeleri, tarihlendirilmesigibi hususlar üzerinde durulmuş, mevcut kitâbelere dayanarak bugün yanlış bilinen tarihlendirmeler düzeltilmiş ve bir değerlendirme yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Mercury, which is found in dental amalgams, is considered to be the most toxic non-radioactive element. However, the health policies of different countries have not reached a consensus on the use and safety of amalgam. This study aims to investigate the effect of amalgam restorations on mercury concentration in saliva, as well as the effect of restoration number, surface number, and chewing on this concentration. A total of 86 participants were included in this study (an equal number for the study and control groups). The number of amalgam restorations and their surfaces were recorded. While both unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected from the study group, only unstimulated saliva was collected from the control group. The effect of chewing on mercury concentration was examined in the study group with unstimulated and stimulated saliva specimens using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device. Mercury concentration in the unstimulated saliva was found to be higher in the study group compared to the control group ( p = 0.000). As the number of amalgam restorations and the number of amalgam restoration surfaces increased, the mercury concentration in the saliva increased ( p = 0.015 and p = 0.021, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between mercury levels in the unstimulated saliva and the stimulated saliva ( p =0.316). Chewing presented an insignificant difference in mercury concentration. Given this surprising result, the effect of chewing on mercury concentrations should be explored more extensively in future research.

Anomaly detection has an important role in industrial systems. Abnormal situations occurring in a system cause anomalies, and the anomalies reduce system performance over time, and may also make the system malfunction. Therefore, the correct and timely detection of anomalies is of critical importance for predictive maintenance. In this study, an autoencoder-based method is proposed for anomaly detection in DC motor body temperature. The performance of the method was examined on a dataset that was created specifically for this study. In the experiments, the three-sigma outlier method was also applied on the same dataset for the same purpose and its performance results are used for comparison. The performance results of both methods are represented in terms of three measures, namely, accuracy, recall, and precision. The experimental study showed that the proposed method achieved over 96% ratios for all three measures, and it can be successfully used for anomaly detection in DC motor body temperature. Additionally, it can be concluded that the proposed system can be preferred for anomaly detection in time series data collected from different types of sensors when the performance results are taken into consideration.

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of maxillary sinus retention cysts (MSRCs) and to evaluate the effects of mean temperature and mean air humidity on the prevalence of MSRCs in two cities in Turkey.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in Antalya and Erzurum, two cities with different air humidities and temperatures in Turkey. Panoramic images of patients who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University for diagnostic purposes were evaluated. A total of 4800 panoramic images were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 27.03 ± 6.48 years. The prevalence of MSRCs was analyzed according to sex, mean temperature, and mean air humidity. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong the 4800 panoramic images evaluated, 228 indicated the presence of MSRCs. MSRCs were found significantly more frequently in males than in females. The prevalence was 3% in Antalya and 6.5% in Erzurum, with a total prevalence of 4.8%. While there was a significant correlation between the total amount of cysts and monthly mean air humidity in Erzurum, the correlation effect size was very low.ConclusionsThe total prevalence of MSRCs was 4.8%. There were no correlations between the frequency of MSRCs and the mean air humidity or mean temperature.