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Nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) have been used to fabricate nanostructured materials for various energy devices, such as supercapacitors, sensors, batteries, and electrocatalysts. Nitrogen-doped carbon-based electrodes have been widely used to improve supercapacitor applications via various chemical approaches. Based on previous studies, CuO@MnO 2 and CuO@MnO 2 /N-MWCNT composites were synthesized using a sonication-supported hydrothermal reaction process to evaluate their supercapacitor properties. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized composite materials were characterized via Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and SEM–EDX, and the morphological properties of the composite materials were confirmed by the nanostructured composite at the nanometer scale. The CuO@MnO 2 and CuO@MnO 2 /N-MWCNT composite electrodes were fabricated in a three-electrode configuration, and electrochemical analysis was performed via CV, GCD, and EIS. The composite electrodes exhibited the specific capacitance of ~ 184 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 in the presence of a 5 M KOH electrolyte for the three-electrode supercapacitor application. Furthermore, it exhibited significantly improved specific capacitances and excellent cycling stability up to 5000 GCD cycles, with a 98.5% capacity retention.

Here, we developed a new approach to synthesize NiCo 2 S 4 thin films for supercapacitor application using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method on Ni mesh with different molar ratios of Ni and Co precursors. The five different NiCo 2 S 4 electrodes affect the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor. The NiCo 2 S 4 thin films demonstrate superior supercapacitance performance with a significantly higher specific capacitance of 1427 F g −1 at a scan rate of 20 mV s −1 . These results indicate that ternary NiCo 2 S 4 thin films are more effective electrodes compared to binary metal oxides and metal sulfides.

In this study, a novel nanohybrid composite containing nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes/carboxymethylcellulose (N-MWCNT/CMC) was synthesized for supercapacitor applications. The synthesized composite materials were subjected to an ultrasonication-mediated solvothermal hydrothermal reaction. The synthesized nanohybrid composite electrode material was characterized using analytical methods to confirm its structure and morphology. The electrochemical properties of the composite electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using a 3 M KOH electrolyte. The fabricated composite material exhibited unique electrochemical properties by delivering a maximum specific capacitance of approximately 274 F g −1 at a current density of 2 A g −1 . The composite electrode displayed high cycling stability of 96% after 4000 cycles at 2 A g −1 , indicating that it is favorable for supercapacitor applications.

In the present report, we synthesized highly porous 1D nanobelt-like cobalt phosphate (Co2P2O7) materials using a hydrothermal method for supercapacitor (SC) applications. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized 1D nanobelt-like Co2P2O7 were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface morphology results indicated that the deposition temperatures affected the growth of the 1D nanobelts. The SEM revealed a significant change in morphological results of Co2P2O7 material prepared at 150 °C deposition temperature. The 1D Co2P2O7 nanobelt-like nanostructures provided higher electrochemical properties, because the resulting empty space promotes faster ion transfer and improves cycling stability. Moreover, the electrochemical performance indicates that the 1D nanobelt-like Co2P2O7 electrode deposited at 150 °C deposition temperature shows the maximum specific capacitance (Cs). The Co2P2O7 electrode prepared at a deposition temperature 150 °C provided maximum Cs of 1766 F g−1 at a lower scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, an asymmetric hybrid Co2P2O7//AC supercapacitor device exhibited the highest Cs of 266 F g−1, with an excellent energy density of 83.16 Wh kg−1, and a power density of 9.35 kW kg−1. Additionally, cycling stability results indicate that the 1D nanobelt-like Co2P2O7 material is a better option for the electrochemical energy storage application.

Cobalt oxides (Co 3 O 4 ) decorated on bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) via the co-precipitation method exhibit significant potential for supercapacitor applications. This synthesis enables controlled nucleation and uniform growth of Co 3 O 4 –BiVO 4 nanostructures, enhancing the morphology of electrode and electrochemical performance. We characterized the structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite and evaluated its electrochemical performance in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. The Co 3 O 4 –BiVO 4 nanocomposite demonstrated a specific capacitance of 726 F g⁻ 1 at a current density of 1 A g⁻ 1 . Furthermore, an asymmetric solid-state device integrating the nanocomposite with activated carbon (AC) retained 86% of its initial capacitance over 2500 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 2 A g⁻ 1 , demonstrating excellent stability. Overall, our findings suggest that the Co 3 O 4 –BiVO 4 nanocomposite holds promise as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications, offering high specific capacitance, longevity, and noteworthy energy and power density. These results also highlight the potential scalability of this facile synthesis approach for practical supercapacitor devices.

The porous materials of SnO 2 @NGO composite was synthesized by thermal reduction process at 550 °C in presence ammonia and urea as catalyst. In this process, the higher electrostatic attraction between the SnO 2 @NGO nanoparticles were anchored via thermal reduction reaction. These synthesized SnO 2 @ NGO composites were confirmed by Raman, XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, and EDX results. The SnO 2 nanoparticles were anchored in the NGO composite in the controlled nanometer scale proved by FE-TEM and BET analysis. The SnO 2 @NGO composite was used to study the electrochemical properties of CV, GCD, and EIS analysis for supercapacitor application. The electrochemical properties of SnO 2 @NGO exhibited the specific capacitance (~378 F/g at a current density of 4 A/g) and increasing the cycle stability up to 5000 cycles. Therefore, the electrochemical results of SnO 2 @NGO composite could be promising for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) has been investigated under visible light irradiation with an incandescent light bulb using chromium doped TiO 2 nanoparticles. Cr–TiO 2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by sol–gel method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band gap energy of the nanoparticles were estimated using UV–Vis DRS technique. With increasing Cr 3+ cations content into TiO 2 host lattice, the optical absorption band tuned in the visible region. XRD and TEM results reveal uniform and crystalline anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles. The photodegradation of MB indicated that the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO 2 nanoparticles increased with increasing Cr 3+ cations concentration.

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) has been investigated under visible light irradiation with an incandescent light bulb using chromium doped TiO sub(2) nanoparticles. Cr-TiO sub(2) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band gap energy of the nanoparticles were estimated using UV-Vis DRS technique. With increasing Cr super(3+) cations content into TiO sub(2) host lattice, the optical absorption band tuned in the visible region. XRD and TEM results reveal uniform and crystalline anatase TiO sub(2) nanoparticles. The photodegradation of MB indicated that the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO sub(2) nanoparticles increased with increasing Cr super(3+) cations concentration.

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) has been investigated under visible light irradiation with an incandescent light bulb using chromium doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Cr-TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band gap energy of the nanoparticles were estimated using UV-Vis DRS technique. With increasing Cr^sup 3+^ cations content into TiO2 host lattice, the optical absorption band tuned in the visible region. XRD and TEM results reveal uniform and crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The photodegradation of MB indicated that the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO2 nanoparticles increased with increasing Cr^sup 3+^ cations concentration.

The porous materials of SnO @NGO composite was synthesized by thermal reduction process at 550 °C in presence ammonia and urea as catalyst. In this process, the higher electrostatic attraction between the SnO @NGO nanoparticles were anchored via thermal reduction reaction. These synthesized SnO @ NGO composites were confirmed by Raman, XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, and EDX results. The SnO nanoparticles were anchored in the NGO composite in the controlled nanometer scale proved by FE-TEM and BET analysis. The SnO @NGO composite was used to study the electrochemical properties of CV, GCD, and EIS analysis for supercapacitor application. The electrochemical properties of SnO @NGO exhibited the specific capacitance (~378 F/g at a current density of 4 A/g) and increasing the cycle stability up to 5000 cycles. Therefore, the electrochemical results of SnO @NGO composite could be promising for high-performance supercapacitor applications.