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BackgroundTechnology holds promise for delivery of accessible, individualized, and destigmatized obesity prevention and treatment to youth.ObjectivesThis review examined the efficacy of recent technology-based interventions on weight outcomes.MethodsSeven databases were searched in April 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: participants aged 1–18 y, use of technology in a prevention/treatment intervention for overweight/obesity; weight outcome; randomized controlled trial (RCT); and published after January 2014. Random effects models with inverse variance weighting estimated pooled mean effect sizes separately for treatment and prevention interventions. Meta-regressions examined the effect of technology type (telemedicine or technology-based), technology purpose (stand-alone or adjunct), comparator (active or no-contact control), delivery (to parent, child, or both), study type (pilot or not), child age, and intervention duration.FindingsIn total, 3406 records were screened for inclusion; 55 studies representing 54 unique RCTs met inclusion criteria. Most (89%) included articles were of high or moderate quality. Thirty studies relied mostly or solely on technology for intervention delivery. Meta-analyses of the 20 prevention RCTs did not show a significant effect of prevention interventions on weight outcomes (d = 0.05, p = 0.52). The pooled mean effect size of n = 32 treatment RCTs showed a small, significant effect on weight outcomes (d = ‒0.13, p = 0.001), although 27 of 33 treatment studies (79%) did not find significant differences between treatment and comparators. There were significantly greater treatment effects on outcomes for pilot interventions, interventions delivered to the child compared to parent-delivered interventions, and as child age increased and intervention duration decreased. No other subgroup analyses were significant.ConclusionsRecent technology-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity show small effects on weight; however, evidence is inconclusive on the efficacy of technology based prevention interventions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.

A 2022 analysis over 53,000 journals from six publishers revealed that most journals reported 2-46% of suspect papers being submitted for review.· In the same year, one research group used a software tool to flag publications in PubMed and found that 1% of publications contained text similar to publications from paper mills.\" Another analysis estimated that 1.5-2% of scientific papers published in 2022 were potential paper mill products, and the rate raised to 3% in biology and medicine papers.\" For additional readings about paper mills, please refer to two recent publications, and as well as a book chapter. Besides creating fake research papers, paper mills operate on other channels. AcademAI (https://www.academ-ai.info/) is a project tracking the undeclared use of Al in the academic literature, which reported more than seven hundreds cases as of May 2025.\" [...]it is vital for scientific journals to have clear guidelines to enforce disclosure of Gen Al usage.

Background Public health professionals regularly engage faith communities to improve public health. This systematic review characterizes approaches that public health professionals have used to engage faith communities and evaluates them using the Theory of Planned Behavior. It examines engagement regarding vaccination and genetic and genomic healthcare, which have generated significant controversy within religious groups and, for comparison, colorectal cancer screening, which has not. Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA reporting guidelines. We searched 8 online databases (e.g., Medline, Embase, Scopus). Publications in English that reported engaging a faith community on genetics, vaccination, or colorectal cancer screening were included. We screened 13,117 articles and extracted information from 121 articles reporting on 96 distinct projects. Results This review includes 121 articles reporting on 96 distinct projects. 67% of projects took place in the United States. Of these, 73% reported engaging racial or ethnic minorities; only 5% of projects reported engaging primarily White, Christian communities. Only 35% of projects reported addressing religious values that might inform attitudes and beliefs. The majority of publications ( n  = 74; 77.1%) reported primarily engaging faith communities for reasons unrelated to faith. Conclusion Because the Theory of Planned Behavior is widely used and our focus was on faith communities, we expected to see engagement with faith values and beliefs that might inform attitudes toward behaviors or social pressures community members perceive. Fewer than half of the projects reported addressing values or attitudes. There are missed opportunities to engage faith communities on religiously controversial public health initiatives in ways that are most likely to affect health behaviors. Evaluation of the outcomes of such engagement is needed. Trial registration The protocol is registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) at osf.io/r2c9n.

Improving communication requires that clinicians and patients change their behaviors. Interventions might be more successful if they incorporate principles from behavioral change theories. We aimed to determine which behavioral domains are targeted by communication interventions in oncology. Systematic search of literature indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov (2000-October 2018) for intervention studies targeting communication behaviors of clinicians and/or patients in oncology. Two authors extracted the following information: population, number of participants, country, number of sites, intervention target, type and context, study design. All included studies were coded based on which behavioral domains were targeted, as defined by Theoretical Domains Framework. Eighty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions varied widely in which behavioral domains were engaged. Knowledge and skills were engaged most frequently (85%, 75/88 and 73%, 64/88, respectively). Fewer than 5% of studies engaged social influences (3%, 3/88) or environmental context/resources (5%, 4/88). No studies engaged reinforcement. Overall, 7/12 behavioral domains were engaged by fewer than 30% of included studies. We identified methodological concerns in many studies. These 88 studies reported 188 different outcome measures, of which 156 measures were reported by individual studies. Most communication interventions target few behavioral domains. Increased engagement of behavioral domains in future studies could support communication needs in feasible, specific, and sustainable ways. This study is limited by only including interventions that directly facilitated communication interactions, which excluded stand-alone educational interventions and decision-aids. Also, we applied stringent coding criteria to allow for reproducible, consistent coding, potentially leading to underrepresentation of behavioral domains.

Emergency departments (EDs) frequently manage patients who require intubation and mechanical ventilation. Post-intubation sedation is a critical component of ventilator management but is understudied in the ED environment. We conducted a scoping review to collate, characterize, and assess the existing biomedical literature on post-intubation sedation in the ED. We searched multiple biomedical databases from inception through July 2025. We included completed original clinical research involving human patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an ED setting, which reported clinically meaningful data regarding post-intubation sedation. We excluded non-clinical and non-original research. Conference abstracts and studies reporting on mixed ED and non-ED populations were included. Two authors reviewed studies for inclusion, and one author abstracted data. We identified 80 studies meeting inclusion criteria, with 45 (56 %) available as manuscripts and 35 (44 %) as conference abstracts. Forty-five (56 %) were retrospective cohort studies, and 62 (78 %) were single center. There was substantial heterogeneity in definitions of post-intubation sedation and analgesia, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reporting of post-intubation sedation medications. Patient-centered outcomes and process metrics, particularly safety outcomes and awareness under paralysis, were poorly reported. Associations between specific medications for post-intubation sedation and clinical outcomes were rarely investigated. We identified many studies on ED post-intubation sedation, but they were limited by their primarily retrospective and single center methodology, and by substantial heterogeneity in definitions and outcome reporting. Further high-quality research with more rigorous methods and comprehensive outcome reporting is needed.

Background Numerous implementation strategies to improve utilization of statins in patients with hypercholesterolemia have been utilized, with varying degrees of success. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the state of evidence of implementation strategies on the uptake of statins. Methods and results This systematic review identified and categorized implementation strategies, according to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation, used in studies to improve statin use. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to October 2018. All included studies were reported in English and had at least one strategy to promote statin uptake that could be categorized using the ERIC compilation. Data extraction was completed independently, in duplicate, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. We extracted LDL-C (concentration and target achievement), statin prescribing, and statin adherence (percentage and target achievement). A total of 258 strategies were used across 86 trials. The median number of strategies used was 3 (SD 2.2, range 1–13). Implementation strategy descriptions often did not include key defining characteristics: temporality was reported in 59%, dose in 52%, affected outcome in 9%, and justification in 6%. Thirty-one trials reported at least 1 of the 3 outcomes of interest: significantly reduced LDL-C (standardized mean difference [SMD] − 0.17, 95% CI − 0.27 to − 0.07, p = 0.0006; odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.58, p = 0.0008), increased rates of statin prescribing (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.06, p < 0.0001), and improved statin adherence (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.19; p = 0.0002; OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.63, p = 0.023). The number of implementation strategies used per study positively influenced the efficacy outcomes. Conclusion Although studies demonstrated improved statin prescribing, statin adherence, and reduced LDL-C, no single strategy or group of strategies consistently improved outcomes. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42018114952 .

Background Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is highly prevalent and associated with deleterious mental and physical health outcomes. Initiatives are needed to address IWS and promote effective coping and resilience among individuals who are exposed to weight stigma. We conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature on psychological interventions for IWS and explored their intervention components, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy at reducing IWS and related negative physiological and psychological health outcomes. Methods Eight databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included: (1) Psychological intervention; (2) Published in English; and (3) Included IWS as an outcome. Exclusion criteria included: (1) Commentary or review; and (2) Not a psychological intervention. A narrative review framework was used to synthesize results. Results Of 161 articles screened, 20 were included. Included interventions demonstrated high feasibility, acceptability, and engagement overall. Sixteen of 20 included studies observed significant reductions in IWS that were maintained over follow-up periods, yet data on whether interventions produced greater reductions than control conditions were mixed. Studies observed significant improvements in numerous physical and mental health outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that existing interventions are feasible, acceptable, and may provide meaningful improvements in IWS and associated health outcomes, highlighting the potential for psychological interventions to promote improved health and wellbeing in individuals with IWS. High-quality studies using rigorous study designs (e.g., randomized controlled trials) are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of interventions for IWS.

Ketamine use as a sedative agent in mechanically ventilated patients is increasing. This systematic review and meta-analysis collates existing literature and quantifies the impact of ketamine in mechanically ventilated patients. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, conference proceedings, and reference lists were searched. Randomized and nonrandomized studies were included, and two reviewers independently screened abstracts of identified studies for eligibility. Fifteen studies (n = 892 patients) were included. Random effects meta-analytic models revealed that ketamine was associated with a reduction in propofol infusion rate (mean difference in dose, −699 μg/min; 95% CI −1169 to −230, p = .003), but had no impact on fentanyl or midazolam. Ketamine was not associated with mortality, on-target sedation, vasopressor dependence, or hospital length of stay. Cardiovascular complications (e.g. tachycardia and hypertension) were most commonly reported, followed by neurocognitive events, such as agitation and delirium. The data regarding ketamine use in mechanically ventilated patients is limited in terms of quantity, methodological quality, and demonstrated clinical benefit. Ketamine may play a role as a sedative-sparing agent, but may be associated with harm. High-quality studies are needed before widespread adoption of ketamine earlier in the sedation pathway. •Despite a lack of high quality data, ketamine use is increasing for mechanically ventilated patients.•There is a need for more data regarding benefit and adverse events associated with prolonged ketamine use in the ICU.•These results suggest that ketamine may play a role as a sedative-sparing agent, but may be associated with harm.•High-quality studies are needed before widespread use or adoption of ketamine earlier in the sedation pathway.

Abstract Medical librarians participating as infectious disease rounding team members add value by facilitating knowledge acquisition and dissemination and by improving clinical decision making. This pilot study implementing medical librarians on infectious disease rounding teams was a well-received and beneficial intervention to study participants.

BackgroundTelemedicine use is increasing in many specialties, but its impact on clinical outcomes in infectious diseases has not been systematically reviewed. We reviewed the current evidence for clinical effectiveness of telemedicine infectious diseases consultations, including outcomes of mortality, hospital readmission, antimicrobial use, cost, length of stay, adherence, and patient satisfaction.MethodsWe queried Ovid MEDLINE 1946-, Embase.com 1947-, Scopus 1823-, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov 1997- through August 5, 2019, for studies looking at clinical outcomes of infectious diseases in the setting of telemedicine use. We did not restrict by language or year of publication. Clinical outcomes searched included 30-day all-cause mortality, 30-day readmissions, patient compliance/adherence, patient satisfaction, cost or cost-effectiveness, length of hospital stay, antimicrobial use, and antimicrobial stewardship. Bias was assessed using standard methodologies. PROSPERO CRD42018105225.ResultsFrom a search pool of 1154 studies, only 18 involved telemedicine infectious diseases consultation and our selected clinical outcomes. The outcomes tracked were heterogeneous, precluding meta-analysis, and the majority of studies were of poor quality. Overall, clinical outcomes with telemedicine infectious diseases consultation seem comparable to in-person infectious diseases consultation.ConclusionsAlthough in widespread use, the clinical effectiveness of telemedicine infectious diseases consultations has yet to be sufficiently studied. Further studies, or publication of previously collected and available data, are warranted to verify the cost-effectiveness of this widespread practice.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018105225.