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As a result of the research, the possibility of directional control of the operational properties of epoxy composites by the use of small additives of thermally expanded graphite-graphene structures has been proved. The rational content of the structuring additive in the composition of the epoxy composite (0.05 parts by mass.) was selected, which ensured an increase in the studied complex of physico-mechanical properties. The influence of thermally expanded graphite on the process of structure formation of an epoxy composite has been established. The addition of thermally expanded graphite increases thermal, fire and heat resistance as well as the coefficient of heat-conducting epoxy composite.

This scientific article reveals the issues of the emergence of state agricultural companies in the Russian Federation, their evolution and current state. Today, state agro-industrial complexes in the regions have a different structure, types of activities, as well as operating conditions. The paper analyzes the current state of state agro-industrial complexes and proposes measures for the further development of state agricultural companies.

In the structure of modern Russian economy state play a key role in many spheres. Agriculture is one of them. The Russian Federation is the owner of the largest agricultural companies. Russian regions are also shareholders of a few hundred join-stock companies in agriculture sphere. A big number of state agricultural companies are ineffective. One of the reasons is the existing regulation system. It’s far from ideal and generates a number of problems. They have different forms, but all lead to a low profit value or even to bankruptcy. This research is one of few scientific papers on the theme of state agricultural companies in Russia.

For an odd prime p , the Galois embedding problem of extension with elementary Abelian p -group into extension with Galois group isomorphic to the group of unitriangular matrices over a finite field of order p is considered. It is proved that the solvability of the maximal accompanying problem with central kernel of period p is sufficient for the solvability of the original problem.

Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of great importance for the worldwide food supply and economy. Along with the quick expansion of aquaculture, the high fish densities employed in fish farming increase the risks of outbreaks of a variety of aquatic diseases. Such diseases not only cause huge economic losses, but also lead to ecological hazards in terms of pathogen spread to marine ecosystems causing infection of wild fish and polluting the environment. Thus, fish health is essential for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable and a prerequisite for intensive aquaculture production globally. The wide use of antibiotics and drug residues has caused intensive pollution along with risks for food safety and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination is the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to battle infectious diseases in aquaculture with minimal ecological impact and is applicable to most species of farmed fish. However, there are only 34 fish vaccines commercially available globally to date, showing the urgent need for further development of fish vaccines to manage fish health and ensure food safety. Plant genetic engineering has been utilized to produce genetically modified crops with desirable characteristics and has also been used for vaccine production, with several advantages including cost-effectiveness, safety when compared with live virus vaccines, and plants being capable of carrying out posttranslational modifications that are similar to naturally occurring systems. So far, plant-derived vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced for human and animal health. However, the development of plant-made vaccines for animals, especially fish, is still lagging behind the development of human vaccines. The present review summarizes the development of fish vaccines currently utilized and the suitability of the plant-production platform for fish vaccine and then addresses considerations regarding fish vaccine production in plants. Developing fish vaccines by way of plant biotechnology are significant for the aquaculture industry, fish health management, food safety, and human health.

Plants provide not only food and feed, but also herbal medicines and various raw materials for industry. Moreover, plants can be green factories producing high value bioproducts such as biopharmaceuticals and vaccines. Advantages of plant-based production platforms include easy scale-up, cost effectiveness, and high safety as plants are not hosts for human and animal pathogens. Plant cells perform many post-translational modifications that are present in humans and animals and can be essential for biological activity of produced recombinant proteins. Stimulated by progress in plant transformation technologies, substantial efforts have been made in both the public and the private sectors to develop plant-based vaccine production platforms. Recent promising examples include plant-made vaccines against COVID-19 and Ebola. The COVIFENZ® COVID-19 vaccine produced in Nicotiana benthamiana has been approved in Canada, and several plant-made influenza vaccines have undergone clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the status of vaccine production in plants and the state of the art in downstream processing according to good manufacturing practice (GMP). We discuss different production approaches, including stable transgenic plants and transient expression technologies, and review selected applications in the area of human and veterinary vaccines. We also highlight specific challenges associated with viral vaccine production for different target organisms, including lower vertebrates (e.g., farmed fish), and discuss future perspectives for the field.

The interest of the scientific community in extracellular vesicles (EVs) is growing every year. EVs are lipid vesicles containing hundreds of proteins and nucleic acids. EVs are secreted by almost all cells in the body and are able to circulate in the bloodstream for long periods of time. Also, one of the distinctive features of EVs is their ability to penetrate blood–tissue barriers. Not surprisingly, EVs have attracted attention primarily because they can potentially be used for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. However, EVs also have a role in the normal functioning of the body. In addition to the already known examples of EV-mediated intercellular communication, there are recent examples of EVs regulating autophagy, at least in nerve cells. Depending on the type of recipient cell, EVs can both activate and inhibit autophagy. Presumably, the regulation of autophagy in the brain involves intercellular signaling involving EVs.

The application of a solar sail spacecrafts for a realization of distant flights into a space is actively discussed. However, all bodies in space plasma get electric charge which depends on density and temperature of plasma, a stream of sunlight and electro-physical characteristics of a body. But till now not enough attention has been given a problem of influence of the charging of a solar sail on its dynamics and durability characteristics. The charging of thin films, such as a solar sail has a number of features. Most important of them are: 1) a surface is bilateral and not closed, 2) partial permeability of a film for the charged particles of a space environment. In this work there are the results of calculations of electric charge density on the surface of the solar sail in the space between orbits of the Earth and Jupiter and an estimate of influence of electric charge of a sail on dynamics of solar sail spacecrafts which moves along elliptic Tsander’s a trajectory. The problem about deflection determination is reduced to integration of one-dimensional problem of the motion of a body with variable acceleration. The obtained estimates of the influence of an electric charge induced on the surfaces of the solar sail on the motion of a space vehicle during interplanetary flights along the orbits mentioned above have shown that the influence is small.

In this paper the generalization of model of a film charging which takes into account its bilateral form and partial permeability is made. Also the system of the equations for the determination of the density of the charge induced on the film surfaces is obtained and results of calculations of the charge density in plasma of a solar wind and in the radiation belt for different reflection factors of sunlight are given.

The Galois embedding problem of an extension with elementary Abelian 2-group into an extension with the Galois group isomorphic to the group of unitriangular matrices over the 2-element field is considered. It is proved that the solvability of the maximal accompanying problem with central kernel of period 2 is sufficient for the solvability of the original problem.