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Impact of ChatGPT on learners in a L2 writing practicum: An exploratory investigation
Technology-enhanced language learning has exerted positive effects on the performance and engagement of L2 learners. Since the advent of tools based on recent advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), educators have made major strides in applying state-of-the-art technologies to writing classrooms. In November 2022, an AI-powered chatbot named ChatGPT capable of automatic text generation was introduced to the public. The study tried to apply ChatGPT’s text generation feature in a one-week L2 writing practicum. The study adopted a qualitative approach to investigate students’ behaviors and reflections in their exposure to ChatGPT in writing classrooms. The developmental features in learning activities and reflective perceptions were triangulated for the piloting evaluation of the impact of ChatGPT on L2 writing learners. The findings revealed the affordance and potential applicability of the tool in L2 writing pedagogy. Additionally, the tool also showcased an automatic workflow that could maximize the efficiency in composing writing. However, participants generally expressed their concern with its threats to academic honesty and educational equity. The study impelled the reconceptualization of plagiarism in the new era, development of regulatory policies and pedagogical guidance to regulate proper utilization of the tool. Being a pioneering effort, the study accentuated future research directions for more insights into the application of ChatGPT in L2 learning, and the establishment of corresponding pedagogical adjustments.
Journal Article
تدويل العملات والتحكم الكلي بالمخاطر المالية
شهد الاقتصاد الصيني مؤخرا طبيعة جديدة مع الانتعاش الاقتصادي العالمي وديناميكية السوق المالي. ورغم الضغوطات الاقتصادية المحلية والعالمية وتغير قيمة العملة، لا يزال تدويل العملة في الصين يكتسب زخما كبيرا مع إطلاق المرحلة الأولى من نظام الحدود بين البنوك (CIPS) وتنفيذ مبادرة الحزام والطريق. من هنا، يعالج هذا الكتاب موضوع تدويل العملة في الصين والتحكم الكلي بالمخاطر المالية المحدقة، بهدف إلقاء الضوء على أسباب تقدم الاقتصاد الصيني، وإعطاء القارئ لمحة موجزة عن السياسة الحكيمة التي اعتمدتها حكومة جمهورية الصين الشعبية للنهوض باقتصادها والوصول به إلى مصاف الدول المتقدمة.
CP-violating observables of four-body B(s)→(ππ)(KK¯) decays in perturbative QCD
In this work, we investigate six helicity amplitudes of the four-body
B
(
s
)
→
(
π
π
)
(
K
K
¯
)
decays via an angular analysis in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach. The
π
π
invariant mass spectrum is dominated by the vector resonance
ρ
(
770
)
together with scalar resonance
f
0
(
980
)
, while the vector resonance
ϕ
(
1020
)
and scalar resonance
f
0
(
980
)
are expected to contribute in the
K
K
¯
invariant mass range. We extract the two-body branching ratios
B
(
B
(
s
)
→
ρ
ϕ
)
from the corresponding four-body decays
B
(
s
)
→
ρ
ϕ
→
(
π
π
)
(
K
K
¯
)
based on the narrow width approximation. The predicted
B
(
B
s
0
→
ρ
ϕ
)
agrees well with the current experimental data within errors. The longitudinal polarization fractions of the
B
(
s
)
→
ρ
ϕ
decays are found to be as large as
90
%
, basically consistent with the previous two-body predictions within uncertainties. In addition to the direct
CP
asymmetries, the triple-product asymmetries (TPAs) originating from the interference among various helicity amplitudes are also presented for the first time. Since the
B
s
0
→
ρ
0
ϕ
→
(
π
+
π
-
)
(
K
+
K
-
)
decay is induced by both tree and penguin operators, the values of the
A
dir
CP
and
A
T-true
1
are calculated to be
(
21
.
8
-
3.3
+
2.7
)
%
and
(
-
10
.
23
-
1.56
+
1.73
)
%
respectively. While for pure penguin decays
B
0
→
ρ
0
ϕ
→
(
π
+
π
-
)
(
K
+
K
-
)
and
B
+
→
ρ
+
ϕ
→
(
π
+
π
0
)
(
K
+
K
-
)
, both the direct
CP
asymmetries and “true” TPAs are naturally expected to be zero in the standard model (SM) due to the absence of the weak phase difference. The “fake” TPAs requiring no weak phase difference are usually none zero for all considered decay channels. The sizable “fake”
A
T-fake
1
=
(
-
20
.
92
-
2.80
+
6.26
)
%
of the
B
0
→
ρ
0
ϕ
→
(
π
+
π
-
)
(
K
+
K
-
)
decay is predicted in the PQCD approach, which provides valuable information on the final-state interactions. The above predictions can be tested by the future LHCb and Belle-II experiments.
Journal Article
Epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza viruses in China during 2020–2021
Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, seasonal influenza activity declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels, but intensified in China since 2021. Preventive measures to COVID-19 accompanied by different epidemic characteristics of influenza in different regions of the world. To better respond to influenza outbreaks under the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the epidemiology, antigenic and genetic characteristics, and antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses in the mainland of China during 2020–2021.
Methods
Respiratory specimens from influenza like illness cases were collected by sentinel hospitals and sent to network laboratories in Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network. Antigenic mutation analysis of influenza virus isolates was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses. We also conducted molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of circulating influenza viruses. Viruses were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using phenotypic and/or sequence-based methods.
Results
In the mainland of China, influenza activity recovered in 2021 compared with that in 2020 and intensified during the traditional influenza winter season, but it did not exceed the peak in previous years. Almost all viruses isolated during the study period were of the B/Victoria lineage and were characterized by genetic diversity, with the subgroup 1A.3a.2 viruses currently predominated. 37.8% viruses tested were antigenically similar to reference viruses representing the components of the vaccine for the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza seasons. In addition, China has a unique subgroup of 1A.3a.1 viruses. All viruses tested were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease inhibitors, except two B/Victoria lineage viruses identified to have reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors.
Conclusions
Influenza activity increased in the mainland of China in 2021, and caused flu season in the winter of 2021–2022. Although the diversity of influenza (sub)type decreases, B/Victoria lineage viruses show increased genetic and antigenic diversity. The world needs to be fully prepared for the co-epidemic of influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus globally.
Journal Article
ضجيج في القصر السماوي
طلب الإمبراطور اليشمي من الحكيم الأكبر أن يساعده في إخضاع القرد وترويضه بعد أن أحدث الفوضى في القصر السماوي، أقام الحكيم الأكبر جبل العناصر الخمسة وسجن القرد تحته. وبعد خمسة قرون، كلف الإمبراطور تاي تسونغ من أسرة تانغ الراهب المشهور سان تسانغ، بجلب الكتب المقدسة من الفردوس الغربي. وأثناء رحلته إلى الغرب، أنقذ سان تسانغ القرد وحرره من سجنه، وبعد أن أنارت روح الخير قوان بن القرد، تحلى بالإيمان وصار تلميذا لسان تسانغ ورافقه في رحلته لحراسته في الطريق، وخلال رحلتهما هاجمهما قطاع طرق أرادوا سرقتهما، فضربهم القرد بعصاه الحديدية وقتلهم جميعا وأخذ أغراضهم، فوبخه سان ،تسانغ فاستشاط القرد غضبا لأنه لا يتحمل أن يوبخه أحد، وترك سان تسانغ وذهب لقصر الملك التنين في البحر الشرقي، لكن بعد أن نصحه الملك التنين عاد القرد مرة أخرى إلى معلمه سان تسانغ، وللسيطرة على القرد طلبت قوان ين من سان تسانغ أن يضع طوقا ذهبيا على رأس القرد، ويتلو تعويذة تضييق الطوق لمعاقبته إذا عصى الأوامر. وبالفعل بعد أن عاد القرد مرة أخرى ووضع القبعة على رأسه، وتلا المعلم التعويذة، فتلوى القرد ألما وتعهد أن يحسن التصرف ويطيع الأوامر. روضت قوان بن أيضا تنينا أبيض وحولته إلى حصان ليحمل سان تسانغ في رحلته.
Book
Online informal learning community for interpreter training amid COVID-19: A pilot evaluation
Sudden shifts towards online education since the outbreak of Covid-19 propelled the unprepared changes in teaching and learning over the world. The impact of transferring Interpreter training from face-to-face instruction and practices to a fully online environment was viewed differently. Issues such as relatively inferior engagement in learning and dissatisfied performance in competence building were highlighted and compounded by the concern of academic burnout and learning stress caused by the abiding pandemic. To curb the unsatisfactory situation, alternative learning methods and innovative pedagogical approaches were advocated. The present study was a pioneering effort to integrate informal learning into remote interpreter training by developing and implementing an online informal learning communities for undergraduate interpreting trainees in a Chinese university. The researcher recruited 36 students (n = 36) from the institution as participants in the 1.5-year piloting project. The findings of the research revealed the impact of informal learning in supplementing formal education by engaging involved students. Student-centered learning supported by collaborative and experiential activities in an informal environment was well-received for its ability to galvanize student’s engagement and academic achievements. The perceptions from participants revealed preference and expectation from students for expanded roles of trainers in interpreter training.
Journal Article
L2 writer engagement with automated written corrective feedback provided by ChatGPT: A mixed-method multiple case study
Automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) has been widely applied in second language (L2) writing classrooms in the past few decades. Recently, the introduction of tools based on generative artificial intelligence (GAI) such as ChatGPT heralds groundbreaking changes in the conceptualization and practice of AWCF in L2 pedagogy. However, students’ engagement in such an interactive and intelligent learning environment remains unstudied. The present study aims to investigate L2 writers’ behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement with ChatGPT as an AWCF provider for writing products. This mixed-method multiple case study explored four L2 writers’ behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement with AWCF provided by ChatGPT. Bearing the conversational and generative mechanisms of ChatGPT in mind, data on students’ engagement were collected from various sources: prompt writing techniques, revision operations, utilization of metacognitive and cognitive strategies, and attitudinal responses to the feedback. The results indicated that: 1) behavioral engagement was related to their individual differences in language proficiencies and technological competencies; 2) the participants have failed to metacognitively regulate the learning processes in an effective manner; and 3) ChatGPT ushered in an affectively engaging, albeit competence-demanding and time-consuming, learning environment for L2 writers. The study delivers conceptual and pedagogical implications for educators and researchers poised to incorporate GAI-based technologies in language education.
Journal Article