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The Grand Canal of China, as a traffic artery in ancient China, has exerted profound influence on the development of the cities, towns and rural settlements along it. Now, with China’s rapid urbanization, numerous settlements along the canal are confronted with problems like slow cognition of the cultural heritage, loss of the local culture and damage of historical relics. Hence, research on the protection and updating of the settlement space along the canal is in urgent need. This paper, targeting the settlement space along the Grand Canal Tianjin Section, adopts such research methods as the Historical GIS analytical method, the kernel density estimation method and the average nearest-neighbor method to quantitatively analyze the evolution stage and distribution characteristics of the settlement space along the Grand Canal Tianjin Section from the perspective of cultural relics to reveal the in-situ rules of evolution of the settlement space. The research result indicates that the spatial-temporal evolution of the settlement space can be divided into five such periods of the settlements along the canal as the pre-canal period, the rudimentary period, the development period, the mature period and the transformation period. Each period features different cultural relics and settlement distribution patterns. The research shows that the natural geographical environment, the grain transportation projects and management systems, the wasteland opening, grain growing and military defense policies, the agricultural, commercial and economic growth and the migration and folk culture are the influencing factors of the spatial evolution of the settlement space along the Grand Canal Tianjin Section.

Real-time and accurate prediction of the long-term behavior of dynamic systems is crucial for identifying risks during unexpected events, while computational efficiency is significantly influenced by the scale of the dynamic system. However, existing neural network models mainly focus on optimizing network structures to improve accuracy, neglecting computational efficiency. To address this issue, we propose regional graph representation, which reduces the scale of the graph structure by merging nodes into region, extracting topological information through graph convolution or lightweight convolution modules, and restoring the regions via fine-grained reconstruction. Notably, this method is adaptable to all graph-based models. Meanwhile, we introduce a sparse time-aware expert module, which selects experts for processing different scale information through a dynamic sparse selection mechanism, enabling multi-scale modeling of temporal information. The architecture we achieve an optimal balance between speed and prediction accuracy, providing a practical solution for real-time forecasting. Real-time prediction of dynamic systems is a challenge in balancing accuracy and computational efficiency. Here, the authors propose a regional graph representation with a time-aware expert module, enabling scalable multi-scale modeling that improves both speed and long-term forecasting accuracy.

During the development and evolution of settlements, space morphology created unique local cultural features and played an important role in guiding rural planning in the context of new-type urban development. The in situ characteristics of the space morphology of the ancient historical and cultural towns along the Grand Canal of China reflect the prints of the local culture and history over thousands of years and integrate modern life and the cultural memories of the citizens there. Using Yangliuqing Town, a famous historical and cultural town, as an example, this study quantitatively analyzes the in situ characteristics of the space morphology. It applies the UAV 3D model, POI data, actual site measurements, and other data to establish detailed models of the streets and lanes, quantifies the in situ characteristics of the space morphology of the streets and lanes in terms of space organizational characteristics and VGA manifestation, analyzes the influencing factors of the characteristics of in situ space morphology, and proposes guidelines for renewing ancient towns according to the in situ characteristics of space morphology. The research results indicate that ① multidimensional factors influencing the historical development of the research area have been clarified for the three aspects of its status as a canal transport hub, canal settlement industries, and traditional residential courtyards in ancient towns; ② the in situ space morphology of the streets in Yangliuqing Town is reflected in three aspects such as the core guiding and control of historical and cultural resources, the inherent influence of space element layout, and the attractiveness of street space; ③ it extracts the guidelines for the renewal of the ancient towns in terms of the space morphology strategy, the environmental element strategy, the interface attribute strategy, and the business attribute strategy. The research methods and conclusions boast great significance for clarifying the characteristics of the space morphology of the ancient towns along the Grand Canal and improving the practice of preservation there.

Public transportation serving urban tourism has a positive impact on sustainable urban development. With the rapid rise of “subway tourism” in China and the emergence of numerous popular attractions, the pedestrian spaces connecting subway stations and attractions are important public spaces for tourists’ perception. Identifying, cognizing, and perceiving the pedestrian spaces around subway stations near popular tourist attractions from the tourists’ perspective holds significant value for promoting station–city coordination and enhancing spatial quality. This paper establishes an optimization design framework for the pedestrian spaces around subway stations near urban popular tourist attractions, moving from identification to cognition and perception. Taking Tianjin, China as an example, we collected 11,405 travelogue data entries and street network data of the subway stations around popular attractions. (1) We constructed an LDA topic model to identify popular tourist attractions; (2) we applied space syntax to understand the features and forms of the pedestrian spaces around subway stations; (3) we utilized the ROST-CM network text analysis method to analyze tourists’ overall perception of the pedestrian spaces around subway stations; (4) we proposed suggestions for optimization. The contribution of this study lies in constructing a vertical analytical framework that transitions from “identification” to “cognition” to “perception”. The cognitive and perceptual dimensions can mutually corroborate some of their findings but are not interchangeable. Future urban spatial optimization research should consider both cognitive and perceptual dimensions, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the human-centered perspective. The research results provide empirical references and guidance for the management and practice of urban space renewal around subway stations near major cities’ tourist attractions.

In the new phase of urbanization in China, the collective cultural landscapes of subway stations in many metropolises are flourishing, providing a powerful way to coordinate urban cultural development and display the image and identity of the city. This study focuses on the image-building cultural landscapes of subway stations. In the theoretical analysis section, it clarifies the construction logic with supporting theory, highlighting the key concepts involved: environmental design, cultural image perception and place perception, and setting out a structural framework of hypotheses concerning the relationships between these three concepts. In the empirical section, six stations in the urban historical center of Xi’an city were selected as the objects, and evaluation indexes of the three variables based on the perspective of the individual were constructed. Using a questionnaire and a combination of factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods, the data from 480 samples were then analyzed. The results were as follows: the cultural image and place perception presented by the environmental design of subway stations are universal to different categories of people; the structural model results showed that environmental design positively affects cultural image perception and place perception; the mediating effect results showed that environmental design affects place perception through cultural image perception. The empirical results confirmed the necessity and rationality of building the image of the cultural landscape of subway stations. Finally, the study makes suggestions for the optimization of current subway landscape development practices. The contribution of this study lies in the construction of a vertical analysis framework from “encoding: construction” to “decoding: perception”, which could provide a reference for the integration of theory and practice for the cultural landscapes of subway stations in Chinese metropolises. However, the innovative definitions and methods used to examine some of the concepts also have a certain subjectivity and therefore require further evidence-based investigation.

Vibration analyses on axially moving functionally graded nanoplates exposed to hygrothermal environments are presented. The theoretical model of the nanoplate is described via the Kirchhoff plate theory in conjunction with the concept of the physical neutral layer. By employing the nonlocal strain gradient theory, the governing equation of motion is derived based on Hamilton’s principle. The composite beam function method, as well as the complex modal approach, is utilized to obtain the vibration frequencies of axially moving functionally graded nanoplates. Some benchmark results related to the effects of temperature changing, moisture concentration, axial speed, aspect ratio, nonlocal parameter, and the material characteristic scale parameter on the stiffness of axially moving functionally graded nanoplates are obtained. The results reveal that with increasing the nonlocal parameter, gradient index, temperature changing, moisture concentration, and axial speed, the vibration frequencies decrease. The frequencies increase while increasing the material characteristic scale parameter and aspect ratio. Moreover, there is an interaction between the nonlocal parameter and material characteristic scale parameter, influencing and restricting each other.

Existing tunnels are often subject to longitudinal bending when undercrossing tunnelling. It is of significance to more accurately evaluate the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness (LEBS) of the existing tunnel within the influential zone. A new analytical method is proposed for the LEBS of tunnel segmental lining joints with consideration of incorporating combined action of residual jacking force and bending moment. The solution can degenerate into a special case with no residual jacking force, which agrees well with other classical solutions and validates the model and solutions. Sensitivity analyses are carried out for the bending moment, tunnel geometry, tensile stiffness of bolts and concrete grade on the LEBS, and effective ratio of the LEBS considering residual jacking force. The LEBS and the effective ratio of LEBS increase nonlinearly as an S-curve with the residual jacking force and decrease with an increasing bending moment. The results show that the LEBS of the shield tunnel is variable stiffness, which exhibits a significant nonlinearity. The maximum increment of the LEBS reaches 80.3% as the ring width increases from 1 m to 2 m, and the LEBS of the shield tunnel increases by approximately 1.3 × 107 kN·m2 for every 4-bolt added. The influential order on the LEBS of shield tunnels is the tunnel diameter > lining thickness > bolts diameter > ring width > the number of bolts > elastic modulus of bolts. When the effective ratio of LEBS is more than 0.85, it does not change with the ring width, lining thickness, tensile stiffness of bolts, and concrete grade. The response characteristics of the tunnel parameters on the LEBS, considering the residual jacking force, could provide a theoretical basis for the design and deformation control of shield tunnels when undercrossing tunnelling.

In this paper, we investigate the lateral vibration of fully clamped beam-like microstructures subjected to an external transverse harmonic excitation. Eringen’s nonlocal theory is applied, and the viscoelasticity of materials is considered. Hence, the small-scale effect and viscoelastic properties are adopted in the higher-order mathematical model. The classical stress and classical bending moments in mechanics of materials are unavailable when modeling a microstructure, and, accordingly, they are substituted for the corresponding effective nonlocal quantities proposed in the nonlocal stress theory. Owing to an axial elongation, the nonlinear partial differential equation that governs the lateral motion of beam-like viscoelastic microstructures is derived using a geometric, kinematical, and dynamic analysis. In the next step, the ordinary differential equations are obtained, and the time-dependent lateral displacement is determined via a perturbation method. The effects of external excitation amplitude on excited vibration are presented, and the relations between the nonlocal parameter, viscoelastic damping, detuning parameter, and the forced amplitude are discussed. Some dynamic phenomena in the excited vibration are revealed, and these have reference significance to the dynamic design and optimization of beam-like viscoelastic microstructures.

At present, financial management systems have been applied in many universities. University’s usage of the financial management system to achieve ideal results in formulating financial plans, strengthening financial control, and improving the efficiency of financial management. The healthy and long-term development of a university is inseparable from scientific financial management methods. With the rapid development of computer technology, the use of financial management tools is an effective way to improve the quality of financial management. The article applies computer network technology to the financial management system. The main functions of the financial management part and the accounting management part of the system are set as data recording and data statistics display. The financial management system combines the financial management of the university with the informatization of the industry, which realizes the computerization of accounting, and replaces the traditional manual financial mode. The results show that the average response time, data throughput per second, and number of requests per second of the transformed system are higher than those of the untransformed traditional system, and the ratio is about 5% higher. This shows that the financial management system constructed by the computer network technology can play a certain role in the operation of the university.

China’s “traditional fair” culture has a long history. The “fairs” trade has existed for thousands of years, but its development characteristics and regional distribution have differed. The existing records of traditional fairs in Weifang city can be traced back to the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1563), giving these fairs a history of more than 450 years. However, with the development of urbanization, traditional fairs in the city center have been destroyed: one traditional fair is disappearing almost every year. Based on this research background, the study first clarifies the significance of the existence of traditional fairs in modern life. Additionally, in our analysis, traditional fair culture can be extended to an “immaterial culture”. How to develop traditional fairs in existing urban centers has become one of the objectives of urban renewal activities at this stage. This paper describes the development and changes of fairs using the methods of site observation, questionnaire survey and interview, and Google Maps image comparison. The main results are as follows: (1) Fair culture is not only a geographical space but also a cultural space that is the inheritance and development of an intangible culture. (2) Traditional fairs include economic trade and social interaction activities. It is important to protect the life of traditional fairs, which carry a rich social function. (3) The living of the traditional fair is shrinking and is struggling to develop. Based on the changes in the traditional fairs space in Weifang city center over the past eight years, this paper puts forward the possibility of the development of a fair space in the existing central city space in order to preserve the traditional way of life and carry forward the traditional regional culture of fairs in urban construction.