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Background Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignancy. NAT10 is a catalytic enzyme for ac4C and is involved in the progression of a variety of cancers. This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of NAT10 in LSCC. Methods Pyroptosis was assessed by measuring the release of lactic dehydrogenase, pyroptosis rate, and pyroptosis-related proteins. The RNA and protein levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Potential mechanisms were validated using flow cytometry, ac4C dot blot, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), RIP, and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay experiments. Results The result showed that the levels of NAT10 in LSCC tissues and cells were elevated and positively correlated with tumor grading and clinical staging. Knockdown of NAT10 promoted the pyroptosis of LSCC cells. NAT10 directly interacted with ELANE, suppressed the stability of the ELANE mRNA. NAT10 inhibited pyroptosis in LSCC by downregulating the ELANE expression in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion NAT10 inhibited the pyroptosis of LSCC cells and contributed to LSCC progression by suppressing ELANE mRNA stability in ac4C modification manner, indicating that the NAT10-ac4C-ELANE axis might be a potential target for LSCC.

Objectives This study endeavors to comprehensively assess the efficacy of a multimodal therapy protocol in the management and treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods This study employed a randomized controlled trial design, enrolling a total of 100 patients, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (receiving multimodal therapy) or the control group (receiving standard treatment), with 50 patients in each group. All enrolled patients were diagnosed based on standard guidelines for allergic rhinitis. Standardized AR questionnaires were used to assess patients' symptoms. The primary outcome measures included the time of nasal allergy symptom relief and treatment effectiveness. Statistical software will be utilized for data analysis. Results The experimental group showed shorter relief times for symptoms such as nasal itching, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing compared to the control group. Specifically, the relief times for nasal itching, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing in the experimental group were (3.16 ± 0.45) days, (2.68 ± 0.55) days, (2.51 ± 0.23) days, and (3.41 ± 0.31) days, respectively, while the control group's respective times were (5.13 ± 0.77) days, (4.35 ± 0.71) days, (4.85 ± 0.63) days, and (6.73 ± 0.99) days ( P  < 0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate in the experimental group reached 90.0%, significantly higher than the 66.0% in the control group ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that multimodal therapy not only exhibits significant effectiveness in the management of allergic rhinitis but also holds potential advantages in improving patients' quality of life. These findings provide a new perspective for the treatment of AR and may have significant implications for the design and optimization of future AR treatment regimens.

Aim This study aims to explore the effects of finite element biomechanical properties of different methods in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Based on the ultra-thin computed tomography scan data of a volunteer’s thoracolumbar spine, the finite element method was used to simulate the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture. Spiral computed tomography scanning was used to obtain images of the thoracolumbar region, which was then imported into Mimics software to obtain the three-dimensional geometric model. The finite element model of normal T 11  – L 2 segment was established by finite element software Abaqus and the validity of the model loading was verified. The finite element model of T 11 vertebral compression fracture was established based on normal raw data. The clinical overextension reduction manipulation was simulated by different treatment methods and the changes in stress and displacement in different parts of injured vertebrae were analyzed. Results An effective finite element model of T 11 –L 2 segment was established. The maximum stress, axial compression strength, axial compression stiffness, and transverse shear stiffness were significantly better in the percutaneous kyphoplasty and percutaneous vertebroplasty treatment group than in the conservative treatment group and open treatment group ( P  < 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the open treatment group and conservative treatment group, or between the PKP and PVP treatment group. Conclusion Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty not only met the requirements of normal functional kinematics of thoracolumbar spine, but also restored the stability of thoracolumbar spine. They had good biomechanical properties and remarkable application effects. The application of finite element analysis can help select a scientific, reasonable, and effective treatment scheme for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.

Exosomes, as vital mediators of intercellular communication, play a critical role in the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, macrophage-derived exosomes (Mφ-Exos) have garnered increasing attention because of their significant potential in early diagnosis, pathological processes, and therapeutic applications for CVD. Exosomes contain diverse nucleic acids (e.g., miRNAs, mRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)) and proteins, which serve as specific biomarkers that regulate various stages of CVD. For example, miRNAs encapsulated within exosomes (e.g., miR-21, miR-133a, and miR-155) are closely associated with atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and stroke, and changes in their abundance can serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Additionally, the composition of Mφ-Exos, including miRNAs, lipids, and proteins, plays a significant role in the initiation, progression, and inflammation of CVD. Research on Mφ-Exos provides new directions for early diagnosis, mechanistic exploration, and novel therapeutic targets in CVD. However, challenges remain regarding exosome isolation and identification technologies. Future studies need to further explore the biological properties of exosomes and develop more efficient, economical, and straightforward isolation methods. This review summarizes the multifaceted regulatory roles of Mφ-Exos in CVD, encompassing key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell death. Research has shown that M1-Exos promote the progression and exacerbation of CVD through pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mechanisms, while M2-Exos demonstrate significant therapeutic potential via anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and metabolic reprogramming pathways. These findings not only reveal the complex mechanisms of Mφ-Exos in CVD but also provide new perspectives and potential targets for early diagnosis and precision treatment of the disease.

This research aims to develop a comprehensive mathematical model to analyze the energy usage of essential equipment in the hot stamping production line (HSPL) and identify opportunities for improving energy efficiency. This involves refining existing models and parameters related to energy consumption in hot stamping to ensure precise energy usage monitoring throughout the HSPL. The main focus is on accurately calculating and validating the energy consumption efficiency of equipment within a product’s production cycle on the roller hearth furnace’s HSPL. The model has proven to be highly accurate in predicting energy consumption for various equipment. The average energy consumption of the HSPL in the case study is calculated as 0.597 kwh/kg, and the actual measurement is 0.625 kwh/kg. However, it revealed significant deviation in the cooling system, primarily due to the incorrect water pump head parameters utilization. As per the model’s calculations, most energy consumption is attributed to the furnace (77.51%), followed by the press (10.92%), chillers (6.86%), cooling systems (2.76%), and robots (1.95%). Actual measurements and model calculations highlight mismatches between equipment power ratings and actual demand, resulting in average operating power significantly lower than the rated power. In line with efforts to promote low-carbon manufacturing, practical approaches are being explored to conserve energy and enhance overall process efficiency by refining process parameters, reducing quenching duration, improving SPM on the production line, and adjusting load matching.

The motion of a movable beam in large-scale, high-speed hydraulic-forming equipment is subject to significant inertia, which can lead to abrupt changes in speed when using traditional motion curves. This can result in impact and vibration issues that severely affect forming quality. To effectively minimize impact and vibration during the movement of the movable beam in large high-speed equipment, a quintic polynomial trajectory curve was designed, building upon existing motion control strategies. This design aims to achieve smoother and more stable motion control. In addition, a load-independent hydraulic system based on high-response servo valves was developed. A sliding mode controller was designed considering the system characteristics, and an experimental platform was constructed. Experiments were conducted to validate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed quintic polynomial curve motion control scheme. Compared with traditional motion control schemes, the proposed approach improves motion accuracy by 38.9% and reduces speed fluctuations by 76.2%. The research findings demonstrate that this approach provides substantial theoretical value and practical significance in mitigating the impact and vibration of the movable beam, enhancing motion precision, and improving the operational reliability of large high-speed forming equipment.

Controlling drainage during the growth stage is one of the means to provide suitable water and fertilizer conditions for crops, alleviate environmental pollution, and increase crop yield. Therefore, in this study, we studied three drainage treatments: free drainage (FD) and growth-stage subsurface controlled drainage (CD) at depths of 40 cm (CWT1) and 70 cm (CWT2). We used the HYDRUS-2D model to simulate the dynamic changes of NO3-N in the 0–100 cm soil layer as well as NO3-N uptake by crops, leaching after irrigation and fertilization, and loss through subsurface pipes in 2020 (model calibration period) and 2021 (model validation period). The degree of agreement between the simulated and measured values was high, indicating a high simulation accuracy. CD increased the soil NO3-N content and crop NO3-N uptake, and decreased NO3-N leaching and loss. We observed significant differences in the soil NO3-N content after irrigation at the budding stage of oilseed sunflower between CD and FD, with the largest difference seen for the 0–40 cm soil layer. CD increased crop yield, and the average oilseed sunflower yield of the CWT1 and CWT2 treatments increased by 4.52% and 3.04% relative to the FD treatment (p < 0.05). CD also enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. In moderately salinized soil, CD at 40 cm (CWT1) reduced the nutrient difference in vertical and horizontal directions while retaining water and fertilizer. CWT1 stabilized the groundwater depth, reduced the hydraulic gradient of groundwater runoff, and decreased the drainage flow rate. The NO3-N leaching and loss dropped, which promoted crop nitrogen uptake and utilization, improved nitrogen use efficiency, reduced nitrogen loss, and had a positive effect on protecting the soil and water environment. The results demonstrate that CD is a suitable drainage method for the experimental area.

Desert oases are important parts of maintaining ecohydrology. However, irrigation water diverted from the Yellow River carries a large amount of salt into the desert oases in the Hetao plain. It is of the utmost importance to determine the characteristics of water and salt transport. Research was carried out in the Hetao plain of Inner Mongolia. Three methods, i.e., water-table fluctuation (WTF), soil hydrodynamics, and solute dynamics, were combined to build a water and salt balance model to reveal the relationship of water and salt transport in sand dune–wasteland–lake systems. Results showed that groundwater level had a typical seasonal-fluctuation pattern, and the groundwater transport direction in the sand dune–wasteland–lake system changed during different periods. During the crop-growth period (5 May–27 October), the average evapotranspiration values of the sand dune, wasteland–sand dune junction, and wasteland were 31–42% of the reference evapotranspiration. The water consumption of sand dune was 1.95 times that of the wasteland–sand dune junction, and 1.88 times that of wasteland. Water loss of the lake was 761.25–869.05 mm (5 May–27 October). The lake is facing the risk of drying up. The vertical salt transport of groundwater at the sand-dune site was 1.13 times that at the wasteland–sand dune junction site, and 1.82 times that at the wasteland site. Of the groundwater salt of the sand dune, 54% was accumulated in the groundwater of the wasteland–sand dune junction. Of the groundwater salt of the wasteland–sand dune junction, 53% was accumulated in wasteland groundwater, and the remaining 47% was accumulated in the lake. Salt storage of the 1 m soil layer of the sand dune was 85% that of the wasteland–sand dune junction, and 82% that of the wasteland. Research results provide a theoretical basis for the ecohydrology of the Hetao plain.

Given the low water and fertiliser use efficiency and the extensive distribution of sand interlayered soil in the Hetao irrigation district (HID), this study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation and fertilisation regimes on root parameters and yield in spring maize grown in sand interlayered soil. A two-year field plot experiment was conducted using the spring maize “Ximeng 3358” under three irrigation and nitrogen levels. Root length (RL), surface area (RS), diameter (RD), volume (RV), and length density (RLD), grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) were examined. Root growth was inhibited at the sand layer, with approximately 72.46–87.37% of the roots concentrated in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Notably, the proportion of roots in the bottom layer was 24.61–87.37% higher than that in the sub-bottom layer. Moreover, RL, RS, RD, and RV peaked in the medium irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation (I2F2) treatment. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the root parameters were significantly positively correlated with yield and WUE, with RS being most correlated to yield and WUE. Roots at a narrow row spacing of 20 cm (NR20) and at a depth of 10–20 cm were strongly correlated with yield and WUE. Conclusively, the I2F2 treatment can be used as the optimal combination of water and nitrogen for sand interlayered soil farmlands.

As competition in the social e-commerce industry intensifies, building high-quality relationships with users to increase customer loyalty and gain sustainable competitive advantage is important for platforms. Based on the perspective of social capital, this paper constructs a relationship model of “social capital-peer influence-emotional attachment” based on Red Booklet and Poizon users and explores the influence and mechanism of social capital on emotional attachment in the context of social e-commerce. Social capital has a significant positive effect on peer influence and emotional attachment, while peer influence has a significant positive effect on emotional attachment and partially mediates the relationship between social capital and emotional attachment. This study provides practical insights from the perspective of “social capital” for enterprises to improve the users’ emotional attachment to the platform and further develop themselves in the social e-commerce environment.