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The internal critical concentration represented by the critical body residue (CBR) is an ideal indicator for reflecting the toxicity of a chemical. Although some authors have realized that the CBR 50 can be calculated from the LC 50 via the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the effects of exposure time and exposure concentration on the relationship between the LC 50 and CBR 50 have not been investigated to date. In this paper, the LC 50 and CBR 50 of ortho-dinitrobenzene in zebrafish were experimentally determined and their relationship was investigated. The results showed that ortho-dinitrobenzene exhibited excess toxicity and cannot completely be identified as a reactive compound based on toxic ratio. Comparison of the measured CBR 50 and the CBR 50 calculated from the LC 50 via the BCF showed that there was a 0.46 log unit difference. Investigation of the relationship between the concentration in fish calculated by the toxicokinetic model and exposure time showed that the bio-uptake of fish was fast and reached a steady state in the toxicity test, indicating that the difference in CBR 50 values could not be attributed to the different exposure times used in toxicity and BCF assays. On the other hand, investigation of the measured bioconcentration ratio (BCR) showed that the BCR (or BCF app ) decreased with increasing exposure concentration. Compared with the CBR 50 calculated from the LC 50 via the BCF, the CBR 50 calculated from the LC 50 via the BCF app is close to the measured CBR 50 , suggesting that the difference in CBR 50 values is attributed to the different exposure concentrations used in the BCF and toxicity assays.

A novel NiO/MnO 2 pompon-like hybrid structure was synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal in situ growth approach in this paper. NiO nanosheets grow on MnO 2 pompon-like microsphere to form typical hybrid structures which significantly increase the abundant active sites of electrode materials. The resulting NiO/MnO 2 electrode material exhibits an impressive specific capacity of 2706.1 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Remarkably, NiO/MnO 2 pompon-like hybrid structure shows excellent cycling performance and its capacity retention is maintained at 84.8% and the charge–discharge efficiency at 96% after 15,000 cycles. Even after undergoing 40,000 cycles, the electrode material maintains an outstanding charge–discharge efficiency of 95.2% with capacity retention of 69%, which revealing promising application as long-term electrode materials for supercapacitors.

With the development of artificial intelligence, intelligent assessment methods have been applied in post-earthquake emergency rescue. These methods enable rapid and accurate identification and localization of earthquake-induced damage to ceilings in large public buildings, which often serve as emergency shelters. However, in practical applications, challenges remain: damage recognition accuracy is low when using wide-field distant shots, while close-up local shots are unsuitable for identifying panoramic regional damage. As a result, high-precision intelligent safety assessment of the entire ceiling area cannot be achieved. Therefore, this study proposes a panoramic image stitching method based on SIFT feature point detection and registration, optimized by the RANSAC algorithm, to generate high-resolution, wide-angle panoramic images of ceilings in large public buildings. The BRISQUE values of the stitched images range between 20 and 30, indicating good stitching quality. Subsequently, by integrating damage recognition and image stitching techniques, a safety assessment test was conducted on 227 stitched images of earthquake-induced ceiling damage captured in real scenes, using evaluation indicators such as damage type and severity quantification. The safety assessment achieved an overall accuracy of 98.7%, demonstrating the effectiveness of ceiling damage detection technology based on image stitching. This technology enables intelligent post-earthquake safety assessment of ceilings in large public buildings across the entire area.

When the beam is transmitted in the atmosphere, under the influence of atmospheric turbulence, the beam will occur energy attenuation, wavefront distortion and other phenomena, which will seriously affect the transmission and reception of information. Based on the PB phase principle enhances the focusing capability of the auto-focusing Airy Gaussian vortex beam by regulating the wavefront error curvature of the vortex beam, and then enhances the resistance of the beam against atmospheric turbulence. The results reveal the curvature of the wavefront error curve and the peak intensity of the light field of the beam can be changed by changing the beam polarization state parameters n and m in the focal plane. The auto-focusing Airy Gaussian vortex beam with the polarization state parameters m =1, n =4 increases the peak magnitude of the light field intensity in the focal plane of the auto-focusing Airy Gaussian vortex beam with the polarization state parameters m =0, n =0 to 1.99 times. Demonstrate that geometric phase tuning the auto-focusing Airy Gaussian vortex beams can enhance resistance to atmospheric turbulence. Furthermore, this paper extends this method to the field of millimeter wave. Under the transmission distance of 1km, the peak intensity of the initial vortex electromagnetic wave after the geometric phase adjustment is increased to 3.33 times, and the receiving radius of the target surface is reduced to 0.24 of the initial vortex electromagnetic wave. It shows that geometric phase-regulated vortex electromagnetic wave can suppress vortex electromagnetic wave divergence and have potential applications in wireless communication.

we aimed to explore the relationship of acute kidney injury (AKI) with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, MedRxiv Database. We compared the laboratory indicators of renal impairment and incidences of AKI in the severe versus non-severe cases, and survival versus non-survival cases, respectively. In 41 studies with 10,335 COVID-19 patients, the serum creatinine (sCr) in severe cases was much higher than that in non-severe cases (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29–0.39), with a similar trend for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51–0.81), hematuria (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15–2.19), and proteinuria (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.58–5.38). The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly in severe cases compared with non-severe cases (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: −0.67– −0.23). Moreover, the pooled OR of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and AKI prevalence for severe vs. non-severe cases was 12.99 (95%CI: 4.03–41.89) and 13.16 (95%CI: 10.16–17.05), respectively. Additionally, 11 studies with 3759 COVID-19 patients were included for analysis of disease mortality. The results showed the levels of sCr and BUN in non-survival cases remarkably elevated compared with survival patients, respectively (SMD = 0.97, SMD = 1.49). The pooled OR of CRRT and AKI prevalence for non-survival vs. survival cases was 31.51 (95%CI: 6.55–151.59) and 77.48 (95%CI: 24.52–244.85), respectively. AKI is closely related with severity and mortality of COVID-19, which gives awareness for doctors to pay more attention for risk screening, early identification and timely treatment of AKI.

Objectives: To investigate the association between dietary purine intake and mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, the average purine intake per day (mg/day) from 2004 to 2011 was calculated, and the surveyed population was divided into five groups by quintiles. The outcome event and timepoint of concern were defined as death and time, respectively, as reported by family members, recorded until the 2015 survey. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for death. The possibly nonlinear relationship between purine intake and mortality was examined with restricted cubic splines. Results: We included 17,755 subjects, and the average purine intake among them was 355.07 ± 145.32 mg/day. Purine intake was inversely associated with mortality (Ptrend < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quintiles of purine intake, the highest quintiles (HR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.77) showed a significant association with lower mortality. The negative association with mortality was mainly found in plant-derived purine (Ptrend = 0.001) and, weakly, in animal-derived purine (Ptrend = 0.052). In addition, a U-shaped relationship between purine intake and mortality was observed in males; however, there was no statistically significant dose–response relationship in females. Conclusion: Considering the low-purine-intake levels of the Chinese population, we observed a U-shaped relationship between purine intake and mortality in males, but purine intake may not relate to mortality in females. Future studies should investigate the causal relationship between purine intake and disease burden in China.

Ferromagnetic high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are known for their excellent mechanical properties, which are attributed to their abundant ordered structures. However, they often exhibit compromised soft magnetic properties, which restrict their applications in modern electronics. In this study, an order‐modulation strategy is introduced to overcome this limitation by constructing an amorphous‐nanocrystalline transitional structure in a ferromagnetic HEA system. Subsequently, FeCoNiAlTaSiB high‐entropy sparse nanocrystals alloys are developed that possess fine nanocrystals sparsely dispersed in an amorphous matrix. This allows the resultant alloys to combine an ultra‐low coercivity (0.3 A m−1) with remarkable mechanical toughness, achieving a synergistic enhancement of the mechanical robustness and soft magnetic properties. This remarkable mechanical‐magnetic synergy is attributed to the presence of numerous crystal‐like orders (<2 nm), regular magnetic‐domain structures, and minimized magnetic anisotropy. Moreover, the proposed order‐modulation strategy successfully extend structural control across the entire order space, from amorphous to crystalline, providing a new paradigm for designing advanced soft magnetic materials with balanced mechanical and magnetic properties. An order modulation strategy is introduced to overcome trade‐off between mechanical and magnetic properties by constructing an amorphous‐nanocrystalline transitional structure in a ferromagnetic HEA system. This enable the resultant alloys to combine an ultra‐low coercivity of 0.3 A m−1 with a remarkable mechanical toughness, thereby achieving a synergistic enhancement in terms of the mechanical robustness and soft magnetic properties.

Periodontitis is the most important cause of tooth loss in adults and is closely related to various systemic diseases. Its etiologic factor is plaque biofilm, and the primary treatment modality is plaque control. Studies have confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum can cause periodontitis through its virulence factors and copolymerizing effects with other periodontal pathogens, such as the red complex. Inhibiting F. nucleatum is an essential target for preventing periodontitis. The time-consuming and costly traditional periodontal treatment, periodontal scaling, and root planing are a significant burden on individual and public health. Antibiotic use may lead to oral microbial resistance and microbiome imbalance, while probiotics regulate microbial balance. Akkermansia muciniphila is a critical probiotic isolated from the human intestine. It can protect the integrity of the epithelial barrier, regulate and maintain flora homeostasis, improve metabolism, and colonize the oral cavity. Its abundance is inversely correlated with various diseases. We hypothesized that A. muciniphila could inhibit the effects of F. nucleatum and alleviate periodontitis. Bacterial co-culture experiments showed that A. muciniphila could inhibit the expression of the virulence gene of F. nucleatum. After treating gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with F. nucleatum and A. muciniphila, transcriptome sequencing and ELISA experiments on medium supernatant showed that A. muciniphila inhibited the inflammatory effect of F. nucleatum on GECs by inhibiting TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway modulation and secretion of inflammatory factors. Finally, animal experiments demonstrated that A. muciniphila could inhibit F. nucleatum-induced periodontitis in BALB/c mice.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) comprise a solid perovskite absorber sandwiched between several layers of different charge-selective materials, ensuring unidirectional current flow and high voltage output of the devices 1 , 2 . A ‘buffer material’ between the electron-selective layer and the metal electrode in p-type/intrinsic/n-type (p-i-n) PSCs (also known as inverted PSCs) enables electrons to flow from the electron-selective layer to the electrode 3 – 5 . Furthermore, it acts as a barrier inhibiting the inter-diffusion of harmful species into or degradation products out of the perovskite absorber 6 – 8 . Thus far, evaporable organic molecules 9 , 10 and atomic-layer-deposited metal oxides 11 , 12 have been successful, but each has specific imperfections. Here we report a chemically stable and multifunctional buffer material, ytterbium oxide (YbO x ), for p-i-n PSCs by scalable thermal evaporation deposition. We used this YbO x buffer in the p-i-n PSCs with a narrow-bandgap perovskite absorber, yielding a certified power conversion efficiency of more than 25%. We also demonstrate the broad applicability of YbO x in enabling highly efficient PSCs from various types of perovskite absorber layer, delivering state-of-the-art efficiencies of 20.1% for the wide-bandgap perovskite absorber and 22.1% for the mid-bandgap perovskite absorber, respectively. Moreover, when subjected to ISOS-L-3 accelerated ageing, encapsulated devices with YbO x exhibit markedly enhanced device stability. Ytterbium oxide buffer layer for use in perovskite solar cells yields a certified power conversion efficiency of more than 25%, which enhances stability across a wide variety of perovskite compositions.