Explore the vast range of titles available.

Named Data Networking (NDN) presents a promising alternative to TCP/IP, but its access control design poses challenges for cybersecurity. Addressing this, the paper introduces the Security Verification Framework for NDN Access Control (SVF-NDN). This framework employs formal analysis to assess access control schemes, evaluating their resilience against cyberattacks. SVF-NDN verifies five crucial security properties-deadlock freedom, data availability, key authentication, data leakage protection, and data access protection. Implemented using the PAT model checking tool, the framework focuses on a data encryption-based NDN access control. Uncovering vulnerabilities such as node key pair faking and data leakage, two enhancement methods are proposed and evaluated. Recognizing the potential compromise of Access Control Manager (ACM), an innovative solution is presented. Additionally, four algorithms streamline the automatic updating of formal models. Results indicate SVF-NDN’s efficacy in fortifying access control against cyber threats, offering valuable insights for bolstering NDN security.

This paper reviewed the diversity of endophytic fungi and their interactions with medicinal plants, along with the research methodologies utilized to investigate these interactions. It mainly includes the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as distribution diversity, species diversity, and the diversity of their metabolites and functions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, insecticidal, antioxidant capabilities, and so on. The research methodologies employed to investigate the interactions between endophytic fungi and medicinal plants are categorized into metagenomics, transcriptomics, metatranscriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Furthermore, this study anticipates the potential applications of secondary metabolites derived from endophytic fungi in both medicine and agriculture.

Objectives Pancreatic cancer with peritoneal metastasis presents a challenging prognosis, with limited effective treatment options available. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as a treatment strategy for this patient group. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer who underwent CRS + HIPEC treatment at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from March 2017 to December 2023. The study focused on assessing clinical features, the incidence of sever adverse events (SAEs), and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 10 patients were enrolled in this study. The median OS was 24.2 months, suggesting an improvement over traditional therapies. While SAEs were noted, including two cases of severe complications necessitating additional surgical interventions, no perioperative fatalities were recorded. The overall survival time for patients with CC0/1 was not significantly different from that of patients with CC2/3, and no prognostic predictors were identified. Conclusions The combination of CRS and HIPEC appears to be a viable and promising treatment modality for patients with peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer, offering an improved survival rate with manageable safety concerns. Further research is needed to refine patient selection criteria and to explore the long-term benefits of this approach.

This paper deals with the attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system with nonlinear productions and logistic source, u t = ∇ ⋅ ( D ( u ) ∇ u ) − ∇ ⋅ ( Φ ( u ) ∇ v ) + ∇ ⋅ ( Ψ ( u ) ∇ w ) + f ( u ) , v t = Δ v + α u k − β v , τ w t = Δ w + γ u l − δ w , τ ∈ { 0 , 1 } , in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R n ( n ≥ 1 ), subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and initial conditions, where D , Φ , Ψ ∈ C 2 [ 0 , ∞ ) are nonnegative with D ( s ) ≥ ( s + 1 ) p for s ≥ 0 , Φ ( s ) ≤ χ s q , ξ s g ≤ Ψ ( s ) ≤ ζ s j , s ≥ s 0 , for s 0 > 1 , the logistic source satisfies f ( s ) ≤ s ( a − b s d ) , s > 0 , f ( 0 ) ≥ 0 , and the nonlinear productions for the attraction and repulsion chemicals are described via α u k and γ u l , respectively. When k = l = 1 , it is known that this system possesses a globally bounded solution in some cases. However, there has been no work in the case k , l > 0 . This paper develops the global boundedness of the solution to the system in some cases and extends the global boundedness criteria established by Tian, He, and Zheng (2016) for the attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are among the most frequently occurring neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and require targeted therapy. High levels of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) are involved in tumor progression, but its role in pNENs remains unclear. We investigated the mRNA and protein levels of FABP5 in pNEN tissues and cell lines and found them to be upregulated. We evaluated changes in cell proliferation using CCK‐8, colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assays and examined the effects on cell migration and invasion using transwell assays. We found that knockdown of FABP5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pNEN cell lines, while overexpression of FABP5 had the opposite effect. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to clarify the interaction between FABP5 and fatty acid synthase (FASN). We further showed that FABP5 regulates the expression of FASN via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and both proteins facilitate the progression of pNENs. Our study demonstrated that FABP5 acts as an oncogene by promoting lipid droplet deposition and activating the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, the carcinogenic effects of FABP5 can be reversed by orlistat, providing a novel therapeutic intervention option. This study showed that FABP5 might play a role of oncogene through playing an auxo‐action for the deposition of lipid droplets and FABP5 is involved in activating the WNT/β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, those carcinogenic effects of FABP5 can be reversed by orlistat, providing novel choice for therapeutic intervention.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma with peritoneal metastasis (HCC-PM) has a poor outlook. Traditional treatments have limited effect on survival. The safety and efficacy of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) have been shown in other peritoneal cancers. This study evaluates the role of CRS + HIPEC in HCC-PM. Methods A retrospective analysis of HCC-PM patients treated with CRS + HIPEC at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from March 2017 to December 2023 was conducted, assessing clinical features, severe adverse events (SAEs), and overall survival (OS) rates. Results The study population comprised 10 HCC-PM patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 25, and complete cytoreduction (CC0 ~ 1) was achieved in half of the patients. Three patients experienced SAEs within 30 days postoperatively. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates were recorded as 89.0%, 89.0%, and 21.0% respectively, with a median OS1 of 107.8 months and OS2 of 49.9 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.0 months. Conclusion The application of CRS + HIPEC offers significant benefits to patients with HCC-PM. A selected group of patients may achieve prolonged PFS. Incorporating CRS + HIPEC into the treatment paradigm can thus be considered a strategic therapeutic option for patients with HCC-PM.

Background Paulownia withes’-broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasma is a serious infectious disease for Paulownia. However, the underlying molecular pathogenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that histone modifications could play a role in plant defense responses to pathogens. But there is still no available genome-wide histone modification data in non-model ligneous species infected with phytoplasma. Results Here, we provided the first genome-wide profiles of three histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac) in Paulownia fortunei under phytoplasma stress by using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq). We found that H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac were mainly enriched in the genic regions in P. fortunei with (PFI) and without (PF) phytoplasma infection. ChIP-Seq analysis revealed 1738, 986, and 2577 genes were differentially modified by H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and H3K9ac marks in PFI under phytoplasma infection, respectively. The functional analysis of these genes suggested that most of them were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, the combinational analysis of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq showed that differential histone methylation and acetylation only affected a small subset of phytoplasma-responsive genes. Conclusions Taken together, this is the first report of integrated analysis of histone modifications and gene expression involved in Paulownia-phytoplasma interaction. Our results will provide the valuable resources for the mechanism studies of gene regulation in non-model plants upon pathogens attack.

Background Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was the preferred choice for selected patients. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly examine the impact of the combined treatment and the prognostic variables, particularly the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods Characteristics of MPM patients who underwent CRS combined HIPEC treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively collected. The univariable analysis was performed to identify the decisive influential factor. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative probability of survival was determined. Using Univariate Cox analysis, the prognostic factors—particularly NLR—and its correlation with survival were assessed. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, predictive factors that demonstrated significance in univariate analysis were used. The degree of connection between predictors and survival was evaluated through the use of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this study. The 1, 3, 5 years survival rates were 70.3%, 65.6%, 59.4%, respectively. According to multivariate Cox analysis, patients’ survival was found to be substantially associated with post-operative NLR (HR 0.180, 0.067–0.531), Ki-67 (HR 0.184, 0.024–0.817), post-operative neutrophil count (HR 0.228, 0.075–0.696), and bidirectional pathological type (HR, 0.375, 0.146–0.964). Conclusions NLR is associated with the patients’ prognosis after CRS combined HIPEC treatment.

Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are relatively rare. Hypoxia and lipid metabolism-related gene acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is involved in tumor progression, but its role in pNENs is not revealed. This study showed that hypoxia can upregulate ACSS2, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pNENs through lipid metabolism reprogramming. However, the precise role and mechanisms of ACSS2 in pNENs remain unknown. Methods mRNA and protein levels of ACSS2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase1 (HMGCS1) were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). The effects of ACSS2 and HMGCS1 on cell proliferation were examined using CCK-8, colony formation assay and EdU assay, and their effects on cell migration and invasion were examined using transwell assay. The interaction between ACSS2 and HMGCS1 was verified by Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments, and the functions of ACSS2 and HMGCS1 in vivo were determined by nude mouse xenografts. Results We demonstrated that hypoxia can upregulate ACSS2 while hypoxia also promoted the progression of pNENs. ACSS2 was significantly upregulated in pNENs, and overexpression of ACSS2 promoted the progression of pNENs and knockdown of ACSS2 and ACSS2 inhibitor (ACSS2i) treatment inhibited the progression of pNENs. ACSS2 regulated lipid reprogramming and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pNENs, and ACSS2 regulated lipid metabolism reprogramming through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Co-IP experiments indicated that HMGCS1 interacted with ACSS2 in pNENs. Overexpression of HMGCS1 can reverse the enhanced lipid metabolism reprogramming and tumor-promoting effects of knockdown of ACSS2. Moreover, overexpression of HMGCS1 reversed the inhibitory effect of knockdown of ACSS2 on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusion Our study revealed that hypoxia can upregulate the lipid metabolism-related gene ACSS2, which plays a tumorigenic effect by regulating lipid metabolism through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In addition, HMGCS1 can reverse the oncogenic effects of ACSS2, providing a new option for therapeutic strategy.