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"Yan, Xingbin"
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الاستراتيجيات العسكرية في الصين القديمة
يدور موضوع الكتاب حول \"الاستراتيجيات العسكرية في الصين القديمة\" هذا العنوان يدخل في حقل الكتب العسكرية أو ما يعرف بـ (الأدب العسكري) وهو حسب مؤلفه الصيني \"لي تشينغ بين\" أحد أعظم ميراث ثقافي للأمة الصينية، أدب غني بالدلالات الثقافية والمزايا الفريدة التي تعرف إليها المؤلف بعد أن بحث في الأدب العسكري القديم في بلاده بما في ذلك أحد أعظم أعماله وهي فن الحرب لما يفوق الثلاثين عاما. لقد صرح أن هذا الأدب يتمتع بحكمة كبيرة، واستراتيجيات بالإضافة إلى مفاتيح النجاح ويمكن أن يتم الرجوع إلى الكتب العسكرية القديمة لتقييم الاستراتيجيات الفعالة من قبل العديد من الأشخاص، بمن فيهم القادة العسكريون، السياسيون، الدبلوماسيون، رجال الأعمال، وحتى الناس العاديون. ولأن الكتب العسكرية تلعب دور ناقل الثقافة، لذلك، يفترض المؤلف أنه من الأفضل لكل شخص متعلم أن يقرأ هذا النوع من الكتب بغض النظر عن مهنته. كتاب \"الاستراتيجيات العسكرية في الصين القديمة\" هو نقطة في بحر العدد الهائل من الكتب الصينية الكلاسيكية القديمة بالإضافة للأدب العسكري العميق، لقد اختار المؤلف ما يزيد عن ثلاثمائة بند في ثمانين كتابا عسكريا قديما وأضاف الشروحات الصينية والترجمات الإنجليزية المتوافقة في هذا الكتاب بهدف مساعدة القراء في فهم ودراسة الأدب العسكري القديم. يتضمن هذا الكتاب ترجمة الأصل الإنجليزي \"Military Strategies in Ancient China\" نقلته إلى العربية نهى حسن ويأتي باللغتين العربية والصينية مما يسهم في تعلم اللغة الصينية للناطقين بالضاد.
Book
Facile synthesis of Co and Ce dual-doped Ni3S2 nanosheets on Ni foam for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Developing efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts via doping strategy has well-documented for electrochemical water splitting. Herein, a homogeneous structure (denoted as Co/Ce-Ni
3
S
2
/NF) composed of Co and Ce dual doped Ni
3
S
2
nanosheets on nickel foam was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method. Co and Ce dopants are distributed inside the host sulfide, thereby raising the active sites and the electrical conductivity. Besides, the CeO
x
nanoparticles generated by part of the Ce dopants as a cocatalyst further improve the catalytic activity by adding defective sites and enhancing the electron transfer. As a consequence, the obtained Co/Ce-Ni
3
S
2
/NF electrode exhibits better electrocatalytic activity than single Co or Ce doped Ni
3
S
2
and pure Ni
3
S
2
, with low overpotential (286 mV) at 20 mA-cm
−2
, a small Tafel slope and excellent long-term durability in strong alkaline solution. These results presented here not only offer a novel platform for designing transition metal and lanthanide dual-doped catalysts, but also supply some guidelines for constructing catalysts in other catalytic applications.
Journal Article
Porous g‐C3N4 and MXene Dual‐Confined FeOOH Quantum Dots for Superior Energy Storage in an Ionic Liquid
Owing to their unique nanosize effect and surface effect, pseudocapacitive quantum dots (QDs) hold considerable potential for high‐efficiency supercapacitors (SCs). However, their pseudocapacitive behavior is exploited in aqueous electrolytes with narrow potential windows, thereby leading to a low energy density of the SCs. Here, a film electrode based on dual‐confined FeOOH QDs (FQDs) with superior pseudocapacitive behavior in a high‐voltage ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte is put forward. In such a film electrode, FQDs are steadily dual‐confined in a 2D heterogeneous nanospace supported by graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and Ti‐MXene (Ti3C2). Probing of potential‐driven ion accumulation elucidates that strong adsorption occurs between the IL cation and the electrode surface with abundant active sites, providing sufficient redox reaction of FQDs in the film electrode. Furthermore, porous g‐C3N4 and conductive Ti3C2 act as ion‐accessible channels and charge‐transfer pathways, respectively, endowing the FQDs‐based film electrode with favorable electrochemical kinetics in the IL electrolyte. A high‐voltage flexible SC (FSC) based on an ionogel electrolyte is fabricated, exhibiting a high energy density (77.12 mWh cm−3), a high power density, a remarkable rate capability, and long‐term durability. Such an FSC can also be charged by harvesting sustainable energy and can effectively power various wearable and portable electronics. A unique electrode based on dual‐confined FeOOH quantum dots (FQDs) is proposed, in which FQDs are confined in a 2D heterogeneous nanospace supported by g‐C3N4 and Ti3C2. Such an electrode exhibits superior energy‐storage behavior in a high‐voltage ionic liquid electrolyte, introducing a new avenue for breaking the bottleneck of the low energy density of quantum‐dot‐based supercapacitors.
Journal Article
Silica-grafted ionic liquids for revealing the respective charging behaviors of cations and anions in supercapacitors
Supercapacitors based on activated carbon electrodes and ionic liquids as electrolytes are capable of storing charge through the electrosorption of ions on porous carbons and represent important energy storage devices with high power delivery/uptake. Various computational and instrumental methods have been developed to understand the ion storage behavior, however, techniques that can probe various cations and anions of ionic liquids separately remain lacking. Here, we report an approach to monitoring cations and anions independently by using silica nanoparticle-grafted ionic liquids, in which ions attaching to silica nanoparticle cannot access activated carbon pores upon charging, whereas free counter-ions can. Aided by this strategy, conventional electrochemical characterizations allow the direct measurement of the respective capacitance contributions and acting potential windows of different ions. Moreover, coupled with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, this method can provide unprecedented insight into the underlying electrochemistry.
Quantifying the individual capacitance contributions of in-pore ions during charging remains a challenge. Here the authors design silica-grafted ionic liquids to reveal the charging behaviors of cations and anions separately, providing fresh insight into the storage mechanism of supercapacitors.
Journal Article
Synergistic Effect between Ultra-Small Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide sheets for the Application in High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Nanoscale electrode materials including metal oxide nanoparticles and two-dimensional graphene have been employed for designing supercapacitors. However, inevitable agglomeration of nanoparticles and layers stacking of graphene largely hamper their practical applications. Here we demonstrate an efficient co-ordination and synergistic effect between ultra-small Ni(OH)
2
nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for synthesizing ideal electrode materials. On one hand, to make the ultra-small Ni(OH)
2
nanoparticles work at full capacity as an ideal pseudocapacitive material, RGO sheets are employed as an suitable substrate to anchor these nanoparticles against agglomeration. As a consequence, an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 1717 F g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
is achieved. On the other hand, to further facilitate ion transfer within RGO sheets as an ideal electrical double layer capacitor material, the ultra-small Ni(OH)
2
nanoparticles are introduced among RGO sheets as the recyclable sacrificial spacer to prevent the stacking. The resulting RGO sheets exhibit superior rate capability with a high capacitance of 182 F g
−1
at 100 A g
−1
. On this basis, an asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled using the two materials, delivering a superior energy density of 75 Wh kg
−1
and an ultrahigh power density of 40 000 W kg
−1
.
Journal Article
Tribological Behavior of UHMWPE Reinforced with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
In this article, a series of graphene oxide (GO)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites are successfully fabricated through an optimized toluene-assisted mixing followed by hot-pressing. The mechanical and tribological properties of pure UHMWPE and the GO/UHMWPE composites are investigated using a micro-hardness tester and a high speed reciprocating friction testing machine. Also, the wear surfaces of GO/UHMWPE composites are observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to analyze the tribological behavior of the GO/UHMWPE composites. The results show that, when the content of GO nanosheets is up to 1.0 wt%, both the hardness and wear resistance of the composites are improved significantly, while the friction coefficient increases lightly. After adding GO, the tribological behavior of the GO/UHMWPE composites transforms from fatigue wear to abrasive wear associated with the generation of a transfer layer on the contact surface, which efficiently reduced the wear rate of the GO/UHMWPE composites.
Journal Article
Amorphous Heterostructure Derived from Divalent Manganese Borate for Ultrastable and Ultrafast Aqueous Zinc Ion Storage
Aqueous zinc‐manganese (Zn–Mn) batteries have promising potential in large‐scale energy storage applications since they are highly safe, environment‐friendly, and low‐cost. However, the practicality of Mn‐based materials is plagued by their structural collapse and uncertain energy storage mechanism upon cycling. Herein, this work designs an amorphous manganese borate (a‐MnBOx) material via disordered coordination to alleviate the above issues and improve the electrochemical performance of Zn–Mn batteries. The unique physicochemical characteristic of a‐MnBOx enables the inner a‐MnBOx to serve as a robust framework in the initial energy storage process. Additionally, the amorphous manganese dioxide, amorphous ZnxMnO(OH)2, and Zn4SO4(OH)6·4H2O active components form on the surface of a‐MnBOx during the charge/discharge process. The detailed in situ/ex situ characterization demonstrates that the heterostructure of the inner a‐MnBOx and surface multicomponent phases endows two energy storage modes (Zn2+/H+ intercalation/deintercalation process and reversible conversion mechanism between the ZnxMnO(OH)2 and Zn4SO4(OH)6·4H2O) phases). Therefore, the obtained Zn//a‐MnBOx battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 360.4 mAh g−1, a high energy density of 484.2 Wh kg−1, and impressive cycling stability (97.0% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles). This finding on a‐MnBOx with a dual‐energy storage mechanism provides new opportunities for developing high‐performance aqueous Zn–Mn batteries. A conceptual amorphous manganese borate material for AZIBs is designed via a disordered coordination strategy. The unique physicochemical characteristic of a‐MnBOx can form the a‐MnO2, ZnxMnO(OH)2, and Zn4SO4(OH)6·4H2O phases, realizing multiple energy storage modes for enhancing the charge storage ability.
Journal Article
Ultra-small, size-controlled Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles: elucidating the relationship between particle size and electrochemical performance for advanced energy storage devices
Nanosizing is the fashionable method to obtain a desirable electrode material for energy storage applications, and thus, a question arises: do smaller electrode materials exhibit better electrochemical performance? In this context, theoretical analyses on the particle size, band gap and conductivity of nano-electrode materials were performed; it was determined that a critical size exist between particle size and electrochemical performance. To verify this determination, for the first time, a scalable formation and disassociation of nickel-citrate complex approach was performed to synthesize ultra-small Ni(OH)
2
nanoparticles with different average sizes (3.3, 3.7, 4.4, 6.0, 6.3, 7.9, 9.4, 10.0 and 12.2 nm). The best electrochemical performance was observed with a specific capacity of 406 C g
−1
, an excellent rate capability was achieved at a critical size of 7.9 nm and a rapid decrease in the specific capacity was observed when the particle size was <7.9 nm. This result is because of the quantum confinement effect, which decreased the electrical conductivity and the sluggish charge and proton transfer. The results presented here provide a new insight into the nanosize effect on the electrochemical performance to help design advanced energy storage devices.
Electrochemical energy storage: Smaller is not always better
There is acritical size for nanoparticles that maximizes their electrochemical performance in energy storage devices, show a team in China. This finding goes against the conventional wisdom that smaller is better for the electrode material of such devices. Electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are attractive power sources. One way to boost their performance has been to reduce the size of their electrode materials. Xingbin Yan and co-workers at the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics prepared nine sets of Ni(OH)
2
nanoparticles having various average sizes in the range 3.3 to 12.2 nanometers. They found that the best electrochemical performance was obtained at a size of 7.9 nanometers. Below that size, the specific capacity dropped off rapidly due to the quantum confinement effect and slower charge and proton transfer.
Ultra-small Ni(OH)
2
nanoparticles with different average sizes are prepared in large scale, and the best electrochemical performance is obtained at the critical size rather than the smallest size, which provides a new insight on nanosize effect on electrode materials in energy storage.
Journal Article
Unraveling the mechanism of potassium metal capacitor for highly efficient charge storage
Although hybrid metal ion capacitors (MICs) are highly desired to achieve both high power density of supercapacitors and high energy density of rechargeable batteries, the mismatch problem of electrochemical kinetics of negative and positive electrodes in MICs hampers the realization of this goal. Here, a new hybrid capacitor concept-potassium metal capacitor (PMC) is proposed for the first time, where potassium metal and commercial activated carbon (AC) without any modification are applied as negative and positive electrodes, respectively, and the electrolyte is the same as that of non-aqueous potassium ion batteries. The simplest PMC prototype exhibits a good combination of high energy density (184.9 Wh kg
−1
) and power density (12.4 kW kg
−1
), which benefits from the synergistic effect of potassium metal and AC electrode. The former experiences fast potassium plating/striping during charging and discharging, and the later possesses complex multiple charge behaviors driven by low potential of potassium metal. Specifically, below open-circuit voltage, transportation of solvated cations in AC pores plays an important role; beyond this voltage, synergy actions of cations and anions, including adsorption/desorption of solvated cations and anions, and ions exchange between them, dominate the capacitance contribution. This work enriches the types of MICs, and deepens the understanding of the energy storage mechanism of non-aqueous hybrid metal capacitors.
Journal Article
Superior asymmetric supercapacitor based on Ni-Co oxide nanosheets and carbon nanorods
Nickel and cobalt (Ni-Co) binary oxide nanosheets with mesoporous structure are prepared by a facile approach based on the formation and disassociation of nickel/cobalt-citrate complex and they show an ultra-high Faradaic capacitance up to 1846 F g
−1
and excellent rate capability. On this basic, advanced aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (AASs) are successfully built by using the Ni-Co oxide as the positive electrode and three kinds of activated carbons respectively as the negative electrode. As-made AASs are able to work reversibly in a full operated voltage region of 0–1.6 V and exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. Among them, activated polyaniline-derived carbon (APDC)//Ni-Co oxide AASs shows the highest specific capacitance of 202 F g
−1
, the maximum energy density of 71.7 Wh kg
−1
and superior combination of high energy and power density (a energy density of 41.6 Wh kg
−1
at a high power density of 16 kW kg
−1
).
Journal Article