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Aging is closely associated with imbalanced transcription. Regulated transcription in different organs is significantly different during aging, indicating that organ-specific transcriptomics is critical for understanding this process. Here we analyze the transcriptomics of the intestines of 3-, 15-, 30-, 40- and 50-days old female flies, which include young, middle-aged, and old flies. We find that the differential expression of protein-coding genes and lncRNAs is significant in aging, and fly age is characterized by well-separated gene expression trajectories. The highly clustered differentially expressed genes are connected to specific biological processes and signalling pathways. In particular, the Imd and Toll pathways are the top two immune signalling pathways that are highly regulated, and members with increased expression in the Imd pathway span all upstream activating events and include many ubiquitylation-associated factors and regulators of NF-κB factor Relish. Increased expression of Toll pathway members includes sensing mediators for all kinds of microorganisms and multiple proteases in the proteolytic processing cascade. Moreover, the expression of molecular markers of intestinal cells is greatly changed. Enterocyte markers are the most significantly influenced, and enteroendocrine markers AstA and NPF, as well as intestinal stem cell (ISC)/enteroblast (EB) markers Esg and Klu are expressed at low levels in young flies and much higher levels in aged flies. Furthermore, lncRNAs show similar expression trends and clustering patterns to those of protein-coding genes. Lastly, we find that ISC/EB-specific knock-down of 13 out of 19 genes that are highly differentially expressed reduces the lifespan of the fly. Together, the characterized transcriptomics and newly identified functional genes in aging will provide potential targets for preventing intestinal aging and associated disorders.

The rapid development of remote sensing sensors and their platforms has dramatically increased the ways to acquire multi-source remote sensing data. However, how to make full use of the complementary characteristics of multi-source data to make up for the similarity between classes has become a challenge for remote sensing intelligent interpretation. Combining the redundancy and complementarity characteristics of multi-source data, firstly, we the Multi-path Connection and Context Module Network (MCM-Net) in this paper. Second, we construct a multi-path cascade mechanism to effectively fuse multi-source data’s complementary features, thereby suppressing noise and improving boundary accuracy. Then, we adopt the context enhancement module to aggregate feature maps of different scales and extract global information to better characterize the category’s discriminative features. Finally, extensive experiments on the US3D dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Specifically, MCM-Net achieves a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 65.35%, outperforming the baseline U-Net by 3.5% and surpassing other state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods.MCM-Net integrates RGB and depth data to significantly improve segmentation accuracy.A multi-path cascade mechanism refines features while maintaining model efficiency.The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on the US3D dataset.

Against the backdrop of rapid population aging, investigating the intersection and impacts among lifestyle, cognitive health, and retirement holds significant academic value and great practical significance for advancing the achievement of the sustainable development goal (SDG) of “Good Health and Well-being”. This study employs data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and adopts a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (FRDD) to examine the impact of lifestyle on cognitive health, identify lifestyle changes induced by retirement, and explore the underlying mechanisms and heterogeneous effects across population subgroups. The empirical results indicate that social engagement and physical exercise exert positive effects on cognitive health, while smoking and drinking significantly impair cognitive health. Retirement leads to reduced social participation and physical activity, as well as increased smoking and drinking, which in turn significantly lower cognitive health through the mediating role of lifestyle. Furthermore, the negative impact of retirement on cognitive health is heterogeneous: it is statistically significant among males, individuals with higher educational attainment, and those employed outside the government departments, but insignificant among females, individuals with lower educational attainment, and those working in the government sector. This study clarifies the functional logic linking retirement, lifestyle, and cognitive health, providing theoretical references and practical implications for formulating policies to safeguard cognitive health among middle-aged and older adults.

Multi-source remote sensing image semantic segmentation can provide more detailed feature attribute information, making it an important research field for remote sensing intelligent interpretation. However, due to the complexity of remote sensing scenes and the feature redundancy caused by multi-source fusion, multi-source remote sensing semantic segmentation still faces some challenges. In this paper, we propose a multi-source remote sensing semantic segmentation method based on differential feature attention fusion (DFAFNet) to alleviate the problems of difficult multi-source discriminant feature extraction and the poor quality of decoder feature reconstruction. Specifically, we achieve effective fusion of multi-source remote sensing features through a differential feature fusion module and unsupervised adversarial loss. Additionally, we improve decoded feature reconstruction without introducing additional parameters by employing an attention-guided upsampling strategy. Experimental results show that our method achieved 2.8% and 2.0% mean intersection over union (mIoU) score improvements compared with the competitive baseline algorithm on the available US3D and ISPRS Potsdam datasets, respectively.

As important biomolecules in Camellia sinensis L., amino acids (AAs) are considered to contribute to the overall green tea sensory quality and undergo dynamic changes during growth. However, limited by analytical capacity, detailed AAs composition in different growth stages remains unclear. To address this question, we analyzed the dynamic changes of 23 AAs during leaf growth in Xinyang Mao Jian (XYMJ) green tea. Using amino acid analyzer, we demonstrated that most AAs are abundant on Pure Brightness Day and Grain Rain Day. After Grain Rain, 23 AAs decreased significantly. Further analysis shows that theanine has a high level on the day before Spring Equinox and Grain Rain, accounting for 44–61% of the total free AAs content in tea leaves. Glu, Pro, and Asp are the second most abundant AAs. Additionally, spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol are first purified and identified in ethanol extract of XYMJ by silica gel column chromatography method. This study reveals the relationship between plucking days and the dynamic changes of AAs during the growth stage and proves the rationality of the traditional plucking days of XYMJ green tea.

Based on geographical distribution, cultivated Chinese Angelica dahurica has been divided into Angelica dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ (HBZ) and Angelica dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’ (QBZ). Long-term geographical isolation has led to significant quality differences between them . The secretory structure in medicinal plants, as a place for accumulating effective constituents and information transmission to the environment, links the environment with the quality of medicinal materials. However, the secretory tract differences between HBZ and QBZ has not been revealed. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the secretory tract and the quality of two kinds of A. dahurica. Root samples were collected at seven development phases. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (DESI-MSI) were used for the content determination and spatial location of coumarins. Paraffin section was used to observe and localize the root secretory tract. Origin, CaseViewer, and HDI software were used for data analysis and image processing. The results showed that compared to QBZ, HBZ, with better quality, has a larger area of root secretory tracts. Hence, the root secretory tract can be included in the quality evaluation indicators of A. dahurica . Additionally, DESI-MSI technology was used for the first time to elucidate the temporal and spatial distribution of coumarin components in A. dahurica root tissues. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation and breeding of improved varieties of A. dahurica and references the DESI-MSI technology used to analyze the metabolic differences of various compounds, including coumarin and volatile oil, in different tissue parts of A. dahurica .

Electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan acupoint (PC6) has shown significant cardioprotective effects. Sympathetic nerves play an important role in maintaining cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Previous studies have found that EA treatment may improve cardiac function by modulating sympathetic remodeling after MI. However, the mechanism in how EA affects sympathetic remodeling and improves cardiac function remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of EA after myocardial ischemic injury by improving sympathetic remodeling and promoting macrophage M2 polarization. We established a mouse model of MI by occluding coronary arteries in male C57/BL6 mice. EA treatment was performed at the PC6 with current intensity (1 mA) and frequency (2/15 Hz). Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. Heart rate variability in mice was assessed via standard electrocardiography. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by Sirius red staining. Levels of inflammatory factors were assessed using RT‐qPCR. Sympathetic nerve remodeling was assessed through ELISA, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Macrophage polarization was evaluated using flow cytometry. Our results indicated that cardiac systolic function improved significantly after EA treatment, with an increase in fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Myocardial fibrosis was significantly mitigated in the EA group. The sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase and the nerve sprouting marker growth‐associated Protein 43 were significantly reduced in the EA group, indicating that sympathetic remodeling was significantly reduced. EA treatment also promoted macrophage M2 polarization, reduced levels of inflammatory factors TNF‐ α , IL‐1 β , and IL‐6, and decreased macrophage‐associated nerve growth factor in myocardial tissue. To sum up, our results suggest that EA at PC6 attenuates sympathetic remodeling after MI to promote macrophage M2 polarization and improve cardiac function.

Background The E2f1 transcription factor exhibits diverse and complex functions beyond its canonical roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Aberrant expression and activity of E2f1 in neurons have been observed in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether the E2f1 is required for neurodevelopment. Methods Functions of the E2f1 in neurodevelopment were explored using mutant flies and over-expression flies. The CNS axons in embryos and synaptic growth at larval neuromuscular junctions were assessed by morphological and immunofluorescence analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to quantify gene expression of miR-33 , hmiR-33 , e2f1 , he2f1 , and dp . Western blot analysis was performed to assess Trio protein level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) was employed to detect direct regulation of miR-33 by the E2f1. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to investigate the post-transcriptional regulation of trio by the miR-33 . Grid crossing and peristalsis contraction assays were performed to analyze the locomotor behavior. Results Flies with dysfunctional E2f1, reduced expression or overexpression of E2f1 in neurons exhibit disrupted axons and abnormal synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions. The miR-33, an important regulator of lipid and glucose metabolisms with uncharacterized roles in neurodevelopment, is directly regulated by the E2f1 and works downstream of the E2f1 to regulate neurodevelopment. The RhoGEF Trio, a central regulator of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity, acts as a target of the miR-33 and the downstream effector of the E2f1-miR-33 axis to modulate neurodevelopment. Notably, flies with dysfunctional e2f1 or loss of miR-33 display aberrant locomotor behaviors. Furthermore, the E2f1-miR-33-Trio signaling and its functions in neurons are conserved in Drosophila and human. Conclusions This study uncovers a novel role of the E2f1 transcription factor in the central nervous system, identifies upstream regulators of the RhoGEF Trio, and reveals an evolutionarily conserved E2f1-miR-33-Trio signaling cascade critical for neurodevelopment.

Background Prone positioning improves outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the optimal duration in critical care settings remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the investigates the impact of prone ventilation duration on clinical outcomes. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on ARDS patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), Nanfang hospital of Southern Medical University, who received prone positioning. Patients were categorized into two groups: the prolonged prone positioning (PPP) (≥ 16 h) group and the standard prone positioning (SPP) (< 16 h) group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline characteristics. Cox proportional hazards, regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between the prone duration and clinical outcomes. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated to compare 28-day mortality, with log-rank tests analyzing differences. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to investigate the time–response between prone duration, PaCO₂, PaO₂, positive end-expiratory pressure, response rate, and 28-day mortality. In addition, the incidence of prone position-related complications was assessed in both groups. Results A total of 234 patients with ARDS were included, with an overall 28-day mortality of 49.1% (115/234). After PSM, 81 matched pairs were compared. The PPP group had lower 28-day mortality (46.9% vs. 53.1%; hazard ratios (HR): 0.53; 95% CI 0.32–0.85; P  = 0.033) and improved prone positioning response rate [70.5% vs. 60.5%; odds ratio (OR): 1.46; 95% CI 1.23–1.89; P  = 0.025]. RCS analysis suggested a reduction in mortality with prone durations ≥ 16 h, and longer durations correlated with better prone response. However, no significant association was found between PPP and reduced ICU or hospital length of stay. RCS analysis indicated a gradual decrease in 28-day mortality with increasing duration of prone positioning, and longer duration were associated with a higher likelihood of a prone response. There were no significant differences in prone ventilation-related complications between the two groups. Conclusions PPP (≥ 16 h) is associated with reduced 28-day mortality and improved response rates in ICU patients with ARDS, without increasing complication risks. Prospective studies are needed to further validate these results.

Recent advances in cancer therapy have underscored the importance of targeting specific metabolic pathways. In this study, we propose a precision nutrition approach aimed at lysosomal function in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Using patient-derived GBM cells, we identify lysosomal activity as a unique metabolic biomarker of tumorigenesis, controlling the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ), a standard GBM therapy. Employing combined analyses of clinical patient samples and xenograft models, we further elucidate the pivotal role of Transcription Factor Binding To IGHM Enhancer 3 (TFE3), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, in modulating malignant properties, particularly TMZ tolerance, by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1−alpha (PGC1α)-mediated mitochondrial activity. Notably, we find that lysine protects GBM cells from lysosomal stress by counteracting arginine’s effects on nitric oxide production. The lysine restriction mimetic, homoarginine administration, significantly enhances the efficacy of anticancer therapies through lysosomal dysfunction. This study underscores the critical role of lysosomal function modulated by amino acid metabolism in GBM pathogenesis and treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment faces challenges due to drug resistance. Here, the authors show that lysine-arginine balance supports lysosomes mediated tolerance to temozolomide and lysine restriction mimetic increases anticancer therapies in GBM preclinical models.