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Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells hold great promise for realizing high power conversion efficiency at low cost. However, achieving scalable fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskite (~1.68 eV) in air, without the protective environment of an inert atmosphere, remains challenging due to moisture-induced degradation of perovskite films. Herein, this study reveals that the extent of moisture interference is significantly influenced by the properties of solvent. We further demonstrate that n-Butanol (nBA), with its low polarity and moderate volatilization rate, not only mitigates the detrimental effects of moisture in air during scalable fabrication but also enhances the uniformity of perovskite films. This approach enables us to achieve an impressive efficiency of 29.4% (certified 28.7%) for double-sided textured perovskite/silicon tandem cells featuring large-size pyramids (2–3 μm) and 26.3% over an aperture area of 16 cm 2 . This advance provides a route for large-scale production of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, marking a significant stride toward their commercial viability. The scalable fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskites in air remains challenging due to moisture-induced degradation of perovskites. Here, authors utilize low polarity and moderately volatile n-butanol to enhance film uniformity, achieving efficiency of 29.4% for double-sided textured tandem cells.

Silicon heterojunction technologies based on both-sided nanocrystalline contact layers currently offer the best passivation for commercial solar cells. We further improved this structure with rear-side polishing and progressive RF/VHF PECVD film deposition methods for doping layers, enabling high-pace mass production while maintaining notable passivation quality. Following this optimization, a certified cell efficiency above 27.0% and a fill factor of 87.06% are achieved on a large-area rectangular wafer (210 mm half-cell). With a multibusbar round-ribbon (smart-wire) design, we demonstrate a certified module efficiency of 25.44% and a module fill factor above 86% (for the first time) under a masked area of 1.63 m 2 , which is on par with the current world record module efficiency typically held by back-contact cell structures. Remarkably, the high V OC × FF value of 0.652–0.655 V was backed by a solid cell-to-module ratio of 98.6%. With respect to silicon single-junction solar cells, this work demonstrates significant progress toward Auger recombination dominance, a factor that is more critical than reducing front-side optical shading to approach the 29.4% efficiency limit. Achieving efficiency by approaching the theoretical limit in silicon heterojunction solar cells remains challenging. Here, the authors fabricate devices using rear-side polishing and progressive RF/VHF PECVD film deposition schemes for doping layers, realizing a certified cell efficiency of 27.0%.

Due to the unique microstructure of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc‐SiOx:H), the optoelectronic properties of this material can be tuned over a wide range, which makes it adaptable to different solar cell applications. In this work, the authors review the material properties of nc‐SiOx:H and the versatility of its applications in different types of solar cells. The review starts by introducing the growth principle of doped nc‐SiOx:H layers, the effect of oxygen content on the material properties, and the relationship between optoelectronic properties and its microstructure. A theoretical analysis of charge carrier transport mechanisms in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with wide band gap layers is then presented. Afterwards, the authors focus on the recent developments in the implementation of nc‐SiOx:H and hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a‐SiOx:H) films for SHJ, passivating contacts, and perovskite/silicon tandem devices. The authors review the material properties of and the versatility of its applications in different types of solar cells. The review starts by introducing the growth principle of doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc‐SiOx:H) layers and then presents a theoretical analysis of charge carrier transport mechanisms in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with wide band gap layers. Furthermore, the authors focus on the recent developments in the implementation of nc‐SiOx:H nd amorphous silicon oxide films for SHJ, passivating contacts, and perovskite/silicon tandem devices.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), resulting from occupational noise exposure, is a significant health concern with considerable economic and social implications. It is the most commonly reported occupational disease in developing countries. Noise causes cochlear cell damage by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. This study explores the impact of noise-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial DNA methylation and aims to identify potential molecular biomarkers for NIHL. This study included 40 cases of NIHL and 40 controls. Mitochondrial genome-wide methylation sequencing was performed using a targeted region approach with bisulfite multiplex PCR capture technology and high-depth next-generation sequencing (NGS). The analysis revealed significant differences in methylation levels at 53 sites within mitochondrial genes, including 12S_rRNA, 16S_rRNA, tRNA-Ile, ND2, tRNA-Trp, CO1, CO2, ATP6, and CYB, with lower methylation levels observed in the case group compared to controls. In contrast, methylation levels at 31 sites, including 12S_rRNA, tRNA-Val, 16S_rRNA, CO1, CO3, ND3, tRNA-Arg, ND4, and ND5, were significantly higher in the case group. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the CYB gene had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.807, with high sensitivity (0.90) and reasonable specificity (0.70). This study demonstrates a reduction in mitochondrial DNA methylation, particularly in the ATP6 and CYB genes, among individuals with NIHL. These findings suggest that mitochondrial DNA methylation, especially in the CYB gene, could serve as a potential biomarker for NIHL. However, given the complex interplay of various factors, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences, further research is needed to fully understand the role of mitochondrial DNA methylation and oxidative stress in NIHL. Future studies should focus on identifying additional biomarkers and elucidating their mechanistic relationships, which could lead to more accurate diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.

Moorhen(Gallinula chloropus)is distributed widely in the world,its breeding grounds in China accounts for the general area of north of the Yangtze River.Generally,Moorhen breed once each year; There are no reported cases of Moorhens breed twice in one year.The author recorded Moorhen breeding in an artificial lake with area of less than 2 hm2 for four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016 in Qingdao Licang Park.In April and June of 2016,two pairs of parent birds each succeeded in rearing two broods,and more than six eggs were laid and all hatched in all broods.One pair reared a third brood in July 2016 with 3 eggs and 3 chicks.The survival rate of 5 broods from two breeding pairs was 85.7% in 2016.This is a new record of moorhens rearing three broods in one year in China.The reasons have been detected as appropriate habitat,rich natural food and artificial protection,feeding,and icebreaking service as the necessary care for the moorhen in the Park.And the author wish that other city parks could follow the examp

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown to be an inducer of apoptosis. However, mechanisms involved in BaP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction are not well-known. In this study, human fetal lung fibroblasts cells were treated with BaP (8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μM) for 4 and 12 h. Cell viability, intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release were determined. Changes in transcriptional levels of p53-dependent apoptotic genes (p53, APAF1, CASPASE3, CASPASE9, NOXA and PUMA) were measured. At time point of 4 h, BaP induced the intracellular ROS generation in 64 (p < .05) and 128 μM BaP groups (p < .01) but decreased the T-AOC activities in 32, 64 (p < .05 for both) and 128 μM BaP groups (p < .01). At time point of 12 h, ΔΨm significantly decreased in ≥32 μM BaP groups (p < .05 for all). Amount of mitochondrial cytochrome c significantly increased in 128 μM BaP group (p < .01). Transcriptional levels of CASPASE3, CASPASE9, APAF1 and PUMA were up-regulated in all BaP groups (p < .05 for all) and in ≥32 μM groups for NOXA (p < .05). But only in 16 μM BaP group a relatively little expression of p53 mRNA was observed (p < .05). The results indicate that in the earlier period BaP promoted the generation of excessive ROS and subsequently the mitochondrial depolarization, whereas transactivations of the p53-dependent apoptotic genes were significantly induced at the later period.

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in a wide array of malignant behaviors of cancers, including proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Most notably, previou studies have indicated that both cancer stem‐like properties and drug resistance were associated with EMT. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of EMT phenotype, as a result, some miRNAs impact cancer stemness and drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the relationship between EMT‐associated miRNAs and cancer stemness/drug resistance is beneficial to both basic research and clinical treatment. In this review, we preliminarily looked into the various roles that the EMT‐associated miRNAs play in the stem‐like nature of malignant cells. Then, we reviewed the interaction between EMT‐associated miRNAs and the drug‐resistant complex signaling pathways of multiple cancers including lung cancer, gastric cancer, gynecologic cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer. We finally discussed the relationship between EMT, cancer stemness, and drug resistance, as well as looked forward to the potential applications of miRNA therapy for malignant tumors. In this review, we preliminarily looked into the various roles that the EMT‐associated miRNAs play in the stem‐like nature of malignant cells. Then we reviewed the interaction between drug resistance and EMT‐associated miRNAs with elaborated signal pathways, especially the opposite roles in various cancer types. We finally arrived at a conclusion concerning the relationship between EMT, stemness and drug resistance and discussed the potential application of miRNA therapy for malignant tumors.

Single crystalline perovskites exhibit high optical absorption, long carrier lifetime, large carrier mobility, low trap-state-density and high defect tolerance. Unfortunately, all single crystalline perovskites attained so far are limited to bulk single crystals and small area wafers. As such, it is impossible to design highly demanded flexible single-crystalline electronics and wearable devices including displays, touch sensing devices, transistors, etc. Herein we report a method of induced peripheral crystallization to prepare large area flexible single-crystalline membrane (SCM) of phenylethylamine lead iodide (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 with area exceeding 2500 mm 2 and thinness as little as 0.6 μm. The ultrathin flexible SCM exhibits ultralow defect density, superior uniformity and long-term stability. Using the superior ultrathin membrane, a series of flexible photosensors were designed and fabricated to exhibit very high external quantum efficiency of 26530%, responsivity of 98.17 A W −1 and detectivity as much as 1.62 × 10 15 cm Hz 1/2 W −1 (Jones). Hybrid halide perovskite single crystals show excellent optoelectronic properties but their small size and large thickness limit their application. Herein Liu et al. grow large area ultrathin flexible crystalline membrane of layered perovskite and demonstrate high detectivity in the flexible photosensors.

MXenes have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage and catalyst design. Through detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we designed a series of new 2D composite MXene-based nanomaterials by covering excellent TM3N2 MXenes (TM = Nb, Ta, Mo, and W) with graphene or buckled silicene. Our findings demonstrate that this coating can lead to high catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in these composite MXene-based systems, with silicene exhibiting superior performance compared to graphene. The relevant carbon and silicon atoms in the coated materials serve as active sites for HER due to complex electron transfer processes. Additionally, doping N or P atoms into graphene/silicene, which have similar atomic radii, but larger electronegativity than C/Si atoms, can further enhance the HER activity of adjacent carbon or silicon atoms, thus endowing the composite systems with higher HER catalytic performance. Coupled with their high stability and metallic conductivity, all these composite systems show great potential as electrocatalysts for HER. These remarkable findings offer new strategies and valuable insights for designing non-precious and highly efficient MXene-based HER electrocatalysts.