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Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH 2 loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (Ag SA+NP /ZIF). Atomically dispersed Ag sites form an Ag−N charge bridge, extending the lifetime of charge carriers and thereby promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The photothermal effect of the plasmonic Ag nanoparticles reduces the bacterial resistance to ROS and impairs DNA repair capabilities. Under sunlight irradiation, the synergistic effect of Ag single atoms and nanoparticles enables 4.0 cm 2 Ag SA+NP /ZIF to achieve over 6.0 log inactivation (99.9999%) for the stress-resistant Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) in oligotrophic surface water within 30 min. Furthermore, 36 cm 2 Ag SA+NP /ZIF is capable of disinfecting at least 10.0 L of surface water, which meets the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended daily per capita drinking water allocation (8.0 L). This study presents a decentralized and sustainable approach for water disinfection in off-grid areas. Photocatalytic water disinfection holds great promise for off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. Here, authors present a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH 2 loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles for efficient and synergistic solar-driven water disinfection.

Phototherapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer treatment, but its low therapeutic efficacy severely hinders further extensive clinical translation and application. This study reports amplifying the phototherapeutic efficacy by constructing a near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive multifunctional nanoplatform for synergistic cancer phototherapy by a single NIR irradiation, which can concurrently achieve mitochondria‐targeting phototherapy, synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT), self‐sufficient oxygen‐augmented PDT, and multiple‐imaging guidance/monitoring. Perfluorooctyl bromide based nanoliposomes are constructed for oxygen delivery into tumors, performing the functions of red blood cells (RBCs) for oxygen delivery (“Nano‐RBC” nanosystem), which can alleviate the tumor hypoxia and enhance the PDT efficacy. The mitochondria‐targeting performance for enhanced and synergistic PDT/PTT is demonstrated as assisted by nanoliposomes. In particular, these “Nano‐RBCs” can also act as the contrast agents for concurrent computed tomography, photoacoustic, and fluorescence multiple imaging, providing the potential imaging capability for phototherapeutic guidance and monitoring. This provides a novel strategy to achieve high therapeutic efficacy of phototherapy by the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms with the unique performances of mitochondria targeting, synergistic PDT/PTT by a single NIR irradiation (808 nm), self‐sufficient oxygen‐augmented PDT, and multiple‐imaging guidance/monitoring. A unique near‐infrared‐responsive “Nano‐RBC,” PFOB@LIP‐IR780, is engineered for achieving mitochondria‐targeting phototherapy, amplified synergistic photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy (PDT) by a single NIR irradiation (808 nm), self‐sufficient oxygen‐augmented PDT and computed tomography, photoacoustic and fluorescence multiple‐imaging guidance/monitoring.

Background Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), pose growing global health challenges. Socio-demographic and economic development acts paradoxically, complicating the process that determines how governments worldwide designate policies and allocate resources for healthcare. Methods We extracted data on ADRD and PD in 204 countries from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Health disparities were estimated using the slope index of inequality (SII), and concentration index (CIX) based on the socio-demographic index. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were employed to evaluate temporal trends. Results Globally, the SII increased from 255.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 215.2 to 295.5)] in 1990 to 559.3 (95% CI, 497.2 to 621.3) in 2019 for ADRD, and grew from 66.0 (95% CI, 54.9 to 77.2) in 1990 to 132.5 (95% CI, 118.1 to 147.0) in 2019 for PD; CIX rose from 33.7 (95% CI, 25.8 to 41.6) in 1990 to 36.9 (95% CI, 27.8 to 46.1) in 2019 for ADRD, and expanded from 22.2 (95% CI, 21.3 to 23.0) in 1990 to 29.0 (95% CI, 27.8 to 30.3) in 2019 for PD. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years displayed considerable upward trends for ADRD [EAPC = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.59)] and PD [0.34 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.38)]. Conclusions Globally, the burden of ADRD and PD continues to increase with growing health disparities. Variations in health inequalities and the impact of socioeconomic development on disease trends underscored the need for targeted policies and strategies, with heightened awareness, preventive measures, and active management of risk factors.

Surgery is regarded as the gold standard for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, complete surgical removal of tumors remains extremely challenging; fewer than 40% of patients are cured. Here, we developed a new modality of theranostics for ovarian cancer based on a near-infrared light-triggered nanoparticle. Nanoparticles loading IR780 iodide on base of folate modified liposomes were prepared and used for theranostics of ovarian cancer. Tumor targeting of FA-IR780-NP was evaluated in vitro and in an ovarian xenograft tumor model. A fluorescence stereomicroscope was applied to evaluate the tumor recognition of FA-IR780-NP during surgery. FA-IR780-NP mediated photothermal therapy effect was compared with other treatments in vivo. FA-IR780-NP was demonstrated to specifically accumulate in tumors. IR780 iodide selectively accumulated in tumors; the enhanced permeability and retention effect of the nanoparticles and the active targeting of folate contributed to the excellent tumor targeting of FA-IR780-NP. With the aid of tumor targeting, FA-IR780-NP could be used as an indicator for the real-time delineation of tumor margins during surgery. Furthermore, photothermal therapy mediated by FA-IR780-NP effectively eradicated ovarian cancer tumors compared with other groups. In this study, we present a potential, effective approach for ovarian cancer treatment through near-infrared fluorescence image-guided resection and photothermal therapy to eliminate malignant tissue.

Introduction: Long-term hypertensive heart disease (HHD) trends in East Asia offer insights for heart disease prevention. We alyzed HHD burden trends in East Asia (1990–2021).Methods: We alyzed trends in age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates of HHD in East Asia from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Annual average percent changes (AAPC) were calculated via Joinpoint regression. Relative risks were estimated via population attributable fraction (PAF).Results: In 2021, East Asia reported 4,354,899 prevalent cases of HHD, 361,483 deaths and 6,079,780 DALYs. East Asia has seen a decrease in the overall prevalence of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) from 1990 to 2021, yet the ASPR for HHD has increased in the last decade, from 2012 to 2021. During this period, developed areas such as Japan have observed a growing trend of HHD among younger demographics. In contrast, developing regions like North Korea continue to face challenges in maging the condition effectively. The burden of HHD is particularly pronounced among females over 75 years of age, while males exhibit higher risk due to poor lifestyle factors. From 1990 to 2021, the PAF due to high body mass index (BMI) consistently increased across East Asia, with the following AAPC and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): Chi (1.55, 95%CI: 1.54, 1.56), Japan (0.79, 95%CI: 0.78–0.81), South Korea (0.86, 95%CI: 0.85, 0.86), Chi-Taiwan (1.3, 95%CI: 1.28, 1.33), North Korea (1.55, 95%CI:1.54, 1.55), and Mongolia (0.24, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.25).Conclusions: East Asia faces a significant HHD prevalence, with elderly females needing particular focus. High BMI is a notable risk factor. Given the differing HHD impacts across regions, targeted strategies that consider regiol and tiol differences are essential for reducing the burden.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent chronic disease among the elderly, presents a complex pathogenesis and currently lacks effective treatment. Traditional observational studies are time-consuming, labor-intensive, susceptible to confounding factors, and cannot establish causal relationships. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, leveraging genetic variation to assess causal associations between exposures and outcomes, offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative. Over the past decade, large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genetic variants linked to OA risk factors, facilitating MR study design. In this review, we systematically identified 52 MR studies meeting specific criteria and evaluated their quality, exploring the impact of lifestyle, nutrition, comorbidities, circulating metabolites, plasma proteins, and other health factors on OA risk. We discuss the results and potential mechanisms of MR findings, addressing conflicting evidence based on existing literature and our prior research. With the ongoing expansion of genome-wide association data, we anticipate MR’s role in future OA studies to broaden, particularly in drug development research using targeted MR approaches. We thus aim for this paper to offer valuable insights for researchers and clinicians in related fields.

During China’s urbanization process, rural labor migrants have been suggested to be one important bridge population to change urban-rural distribution on tuberculosis (TB) burden. Aiming to estimate the prevalence of TB infection and to track the active disease development in rural labor migrants, a prospective study was conducted in Shenzhen city, southern China. TB infection was detected using interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Here we mainly report the characteristics of TB infection in the study population based on the baseline survey. A total of 4,422 eligible participants completed baseline survey in July 2013. QuantiFERON (QFT) positivity rates 17.87% (790/4,422) and was found to be consistent with the local TB epidemic of the areas where the participants immigrated from. Age, smoking, residence registered place, and present of BCG scars were found to be independently associated with QFT positivity. Additionally, evidence for interaction between smoking and age was observed (p for likelihood ratio test < 0.001). Our results suggested that the development of TB control strategy including latent TB infection management should pay more attention to the rural flowing population due to their high mobility and higher prevalence of TB infection.

In article number 1800049, Dong Wang, Yu Chen, and co‐workers report amplification of photo‐therapeutic efficacy by constructing a near infrared (NIR)‐responsive multifunctional nanoplatform, i.e., Nano‐RBCs (red blood cells), for synergistic cancer phototherapy using a single NIR irradiation (808 nm laser). The Nano‐RBCs concurrently achieve mitochondria‐targeting phototherapy, synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT), self‐sufficient oxygen‐augmented PDT, and multiple‐imaging guidance/monitoring.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of deep insertion at Tianshu (ST 25) for colonic slow transit constipation (STC). Methods 120 cases of STC patients were randomly divided, 60 cases in a deep insertion group, 30 cases in an electroacupuncture group and 30 cases in a medication group by 2:1:1 ratio. The deep insertion group was treated with deep insertion at Tianshu (ST 25). The electroacupuncture group was treated with routine insertion at Tianshu (ST 25). The medication group was treated with oral administration of Lactulose oral liquid. The first voluntary defecation time, and constipation scores before the treatment, four weeks after the treatment and relevant scores of clinical symptoms were assessed in the three groups of the patients. Results The scores of the clinical symptoms in improvement of constipation were better in the deep insertion group than in the electroacupuncture group and medication group, with differences in statistical significance ( P <0.01). The unsuccessful numbers in the improvement of defecation and abdominal pain were also better in the deep insertion group than in the other two groups, and better in instant effect in the deep insertion. Conclusion The improvement of STC clinical symptoms was better by deep insertion at Tianshu (ST 25) than by medication and routine acupuncture method at Tianshu (ST 25).