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Background: AMR is a public health concern which leads to high global morbidity and mortality. Immunocompromised patients, who are more susceptible to contracting potentially life-threatening infections, are faced with reduced treatment options due to emerging AMR. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor which displays effectiveness against resistant Gram-negative infections. Methods: SPECTRA was a multinational, observational study conducted in seven countries including 617 patients who received ≥48 h of ceftolozane/tazobactam. Medical-record data were collected up to 6 months before treatment and 30 days after the final dose or until death. This analysis describes clinical outcomes and healthcare resource use in patients with sepsis or who were immunocompromised, specifically in patients with hematologic malignancy with and without solid tumor, febrile neutropenia, and solid organ transplant patients. Results: Clinical success ranged from 50.0% in patients with hematologic malignancy and solid tumor to 69.4% in 38 patients with febrile neutropenia. All-cause in-hospital mortality was 23.1–42.9%, with the lowest rates in patients with solid organ transplant. ICU admission was 46.4–68.2% across subpopulations (excluding febrile neutropenia) with the lowest rates in patients with hematologic malignancy. ICU length of stay was lowest within transplant patients (9 days) and highest within the hematologic malignancy and solid tumor population (32 days). Conclusions: The results from this sub analysis of SPECTRA showed that ceftolozane/tazobactam was associated with clinical success in the selected immunocompromised and sepsis patient populations and may lead to reduced morbidity, mortality, and healthcare-resource use. Further research is required to standardize treatment protocols and improve patient outcomes.

Lack of laboratory staff was an important obstacle in scaling up covid-19 testing. Jordan Skittrall and colleagues consider how we can be better prepared in future

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis associated with high mortality and economic burden. Patients with renal dysfunction and obesity have increased susceptibility to infections and may experience different real-world outcomes, including clinical success and mortality, but are often under-represented in clinical trials. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an innovative therapy used to treat resistant Gram-negative infections. We aimed to describe real-world clinical outcomes in hospitalized adults treated with C/T across categories of renal function and BMI in the SPECTRA study. Methods: SPECTRA was a multi-national observational study on 617 patients who received C/T for ≥48 h. Outcomes included clinical success, all-cause in-hospital mortality, readmission, and ICU admission and length of stay (LOS), with sub-analysis of patients across BMI and renal function strata. Results: Renal function and weight were reported in 597 and 469 patients, respectively, of which 51.9% had lower creatine clearance (<80 mL/min) and 50.7% were overweight. Clinical success and all-cause in-hospital mortality ranged at 59.1–77.8% and 11.1–29.2% across renal function strata and 64.6–68.6% and 18.6–21.4% across weight subgroups. Across renal function and weight subgroups, 38.9–54.2% and 45.9–53.5% of patients were admitted to ICU. Median ICU LOS was 8–21.5 and 14–20 days, respectively. Readmission (30-day all-cause) occurred in 4.5–11.8% and 8.2–11.9% of patients across renal function and weight strata. Conclusions: Results from this sub-analysis suggest real-world clinical effectiveness of C/T across patients with renal impairment and obesity, highlighting C/T as a component within treatment guidelines for resistant Gram-negative infections.

The higher the comprehensive indexes of community structure such as plant height, DBH ( arbor) , density and coverage, the beter the ability of absorbing and reducing PM2 5. [...]it must pay attention to the diversity of plant species per unit area, to build a good plant community structure, which could beter improve structure of local ecosystem, and play a good role in absorbing and reducing PM2 5 pollutants in the atmosphere. Key words Community structure; PM2.5; Subtraction amount In the world, the United States first included PM2 5 in its national monitoring standard in 1997, while China only included PM10 in air quality monitoring standard in 1996, and PM2 5 was only included in the standard in 2015. [...]the research at home and abroad more involved urban distribution and composition analysis of PM2 5 and so on&1-0'. [...]no experimental study has been carried out to analyze whether plants can really absorb and purify PM2 5. [...]it is not known whether the components of PM2 5, especially NOx, SO2 and some organic pollutants, can be inhaled into the tissue through physiological action of plants, enter into the metabolic process to be degraded, so as to continuously absorb and purify PM2 5 in the atmosphere. Under the condition that PM2 5 has been formed, it is a better way to reduce the concentration of PM2 5 by absorption and puriication of plants. [...]the plant communities with diferent structural characteristics in several central districts of Shenzhen City and its relationship with absorption and reduction of PM2 5 were determined.