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الفنون الشعبية الصينية
تعد الفنون التشكیلیة التي یقوم بھا الشعب الصیني لتلبیة متطلبات الحیاة الاجتماعیة الشخصیة، وتتجلي تلك الفنون الشعبیة الصینیة في المقصوصات ولوحات رأس السنة الجدیدة والأقنعة والطائرات الورقیة والتشكیل بالعجین وتماثیل الصلصال وغیرھا. ویعمل بتلك الفنون الشعبیة مجموعات كبیرة من العمال العادیین الذین یعیشون بالمناطق الریفیة الواسعة، من ھؤلاء العاملین تتركز في النساء العاملات بالمناطق الریفیة. وتجمع الفنون الشعبیة في طیاتھا بین الحیاة الإنتاجیة وضروریات الحیاة الأساسیة والطقوس البشریة. وینضوي المضمون الثقافي والشكل الفني لتلك الفنون الشعبیة على تراث الثقافة التاریخیة للأمة الصینیة والتي امتدت لسبعة آلاف أو ثمانیة آلاف سنة منذ المجتمع من تلك الثقافة البدائیة التي تقوم على عبادة الطبیعة والطوطم وعبادة الأسلاف وحتي تلك الثقافة الاقتصادیة التجاریة الحدیثة، حیث یمكن القول بأنھا حجر نشاط الثقافة التاریخیة القومیة.
BOOK
Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and nutrients, tumor cells undergo metabolic transformations to exploit various ways of acquiring lipid and increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment also undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming, which further affects tumor functional phenotypes and immune responses. Given that lipid metabolism plays a critical role in supporting cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment, targeting the lipid metabolism pathway could provide a novel approach to cancer treatment. This review seeks to: (1) clarify the overall landscape and mechanisms of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer, (2) summarize the lipid metabolic landscapes within stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and clarify their roles in tumor progression, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism, and highlight the potential for combining such approaches with other anti-tumor therapies to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients.
Journal Article
Metal-organic framework derived crystalline nanocarbon for Fenton-like reaction
Nanoporous carbons with tailorable nanoscale texture and long-range ordered structure are promising candidates for energy, environmental and catalytic applications, while the current synthetic methods do not allow elaborate control of local structure. Here we report a salt-assisted strategy to obtain crystalline nanocarbon from direct carbonization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The crystalline product maintains a highly ordered two-dimensional (2D) stacking mode and substantially differs from the traditional weakly ordered patterns of nanoporous carbons upon high-temperature pyrolysis. The MOF-derived crystalline nanocarbon (MCC) comes with a high level of nitrogen and oxygen terminating the 2D layers and shows an impressive performance as a carbocatalyst in Fenton-like reaction for water purification. The successful preparation of MCC illustrates the possibility to discover other crystalline heteroatom-doped carbon phases starting from correctly designed organic precursors and appropriate templating reactions.
Carbon materials prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis generally come with amorphous structure tethering performance improvement. Here, authors create crystalline nanocarbon with both high stacking order and doping level of heteroatoms, which finds high efficiency in Fenton-like reaction for water purification.
Journal Article
Prevalence and Characteristics of Covert/Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION:Covert/minimal hepatic encephalopathy (C/MHE) is the mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but it is closely related to the quality of life and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis. Currently, the epidemiological data of C/MHE have not been well described.METHODS:We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions to estimate the pooled prevalence of C/MHE in patients with cirrhosis. We also examined potential risk factors for C/MHE by comparing characteristics of patients with and without C/MHE.RESULTS:Finally, a total of 101 studies were included. The prevalence of C/MHE was 40.9% (95% confidence interval, 38.3%-43.5%) among patients with cirrhosis worldwide. The pooled C/MHE prevalence was 39.9% (95% confidence interval 36.7%-43.1%) based on studies using the psychometric HE score as a diagnostic tool. Meta-regression models showed that geographic region, sample size, mean age, sex ratio, and Child-Pugh classification were influencing factors for the heterogeneity of C/MHE prevalence. The presence of C/MHE was found to be associated with various factors including age, level of education, alcoholic etiology, Child-Pugh classification, MELD score, history of overt HE, presence of other complications, and laboratory tests related to impaired liver function.DISCUSSION:This study reports detailed data on the prevalence of C/MHE as well as clinical features associated with C/MHE, suggesting that C/MHE is one of the most common complications of liver cirrhosis.
Journal Article
Clinical features, treatments and prognosis of appendiceal bleeding: a case series study
Background
Appendiceal bleeding is a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, could be overlooked and diagnosed as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to limited real-world cases, the optimized management of appendiceal bleeding is unclear. We here shared our experiences in the past 20 years.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. We reviewed data of 28,175 colonoscopies from 43,095 gastrointestinal bleeding patients between June 2003 and June 2023. Six patients diagnosed as appendiceal bleeding were included. Data including symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging results, endoscopic findings, treatment and prognosis were collected and analyzed.
Results
Appendiceal bleeding accounts for 0.014% in gastrointestinal bleeding patients. Of the six patients, five were male, with a mean age of 48.5 years. Hematochezia was the most common symptom. The etiology included appendiceal angiodysplasia, appendicitis and appendectomy associated bleeding. Hemostasis was achieved by appendectomy, endoscopic therapy or medication according to different cases. One patient did not receive any treatment because of self-limiting bleeding.
Conclusions
The diagnosis of appendiceal bleeding is challenging, repeated flushing during endoscopy is helpful. Appendectomy is the priority option for treatment as well as the etiology clarification, therapeutic endoscopy and medication could be considered case by case.
Journal Article
High-dimensional strain unlocks fast polysulfide redox kinetics for lithium-sulfur batteries
Strain engineering is an effective approach to enhancing the activity of catalysts by tuning the electrical and geometric configurations. However, the impact of strain dimension on the sulfur redox kinetics and polysulfide adsorption configuration has yet been deciphered. Herein, we employ a biaxial-strained dichalcogenide catalyst with highly curved basal planes to activate the reserve metal atoms and realize efficient lithium-sulfur batteries. The high-dimensional strain enhances the exposure of Mo sites, thereby shifting the polysulfide adsorption mechanism from weak Li-S/Se bonding to strong S*-Mo bonding. Moreover, biaxial strain upshifts both
d
and
p
band centers, fostering the interfacial charge transfer and catalytic activity. Based on this mechanism, we obtain apparent correlations between biaxial strain and apparent activation energy for sulfur species conversion. This
d
-
p
hybridization dominated catalytic mechanism leads to obvious enhancement in capacity retention and rate performance. We showcase a 6 Ah-level multilayer pouch cell with a specific energy of 396 Wh kg
–1
(based on masses of all components).
Strain engineering is effective in modulating catalyst activity. Here, authors report a high-dimensional biaxial strained dichalcogenide catalyst to unlock inner metal sites, which accelerates sulfur redox kinetics and enables lithium–sulfur pouch cells with increased capacity and cycling stability.
Journal Article
Duality of the association between COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis
Correspondence to Dr Jin-Lin Yang, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; yangjinlin@wchscu.cn We read with great interest the study by Pandanaboyana et al.1 The COVID-19 PAN collaborative study was a large international study that provided updated clinical evidence that has deepened our understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis (AP). To explore the relationship between the two diseases, the definition of AP needs to be relatively strict, including a combination of enzymatic changes, imaging changes and typical symptoms, as enzymatic changes alone in patients with COVID-19 appear to be unreliable for the definition of pancreatitis.3 4 Furthermore, this study did not further analyse the reasons for the high mortality rate in patients with both AP and COVID-19. Existing studies have confirmed that concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with AP leads to further disease deterioration, leading to more severe disease and mortality.1 5 This may be attributed to the exaggerated immune dysfunction, subsequent cytokine storms and endothelial damage that occur under proinflammatory conditions.1 6 However, it remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 infection directly leads to pancreatitis.
Journal Article
Endoscopic morphology of gastric MALT lymphoma correlate with API2/MALT1 fusion and predict treatment response after helicobacter pylori eradication
Background
The presence of API2/MALT1 fusion in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma predicts poor response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy. This study aimed to assess the correlation between endoscopic morphology of MALT lymphoma and API2/MALT1 fusion and evaluate treatment response to Hp eradication based on morphological subtypes.
Methods
A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma between January 2011 and December 2022. Endoscopic morphology was categorized as superficial, non-superficial, or mixed type. The superficial type was further classified into gastritis superficial lesion and localized superficial lesion based on border clarity. Logistic regression models evaluated the impact of clinical and endoscopic characteristics on anti-Hp therapy effectiveness.
Results
Among the 114 patients included, 93 (81.6%) were Hp-positive, and API2/MALT1 fusion was detected in 58 (50.9%) cases, The superficial type was the predominate morphology (73/114, 64%). The regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) sign was noted in 21 (18.4%) cases. In superficial subtypes, the RAC signs were more frequently observed in localized lesion than gastritis lesion (35.6% vs. 7.1%,
p
= 0.01). and the superficial localized lesion was more common in individuals with positive API/MALT1 fusion than negative ones (76.9% vs. 44.1%,
p
= 0.01). Following Hp eradication, the remission rate for localized lesion was 34.3%, significantly lower than for gastritis lesion (66.7%,
p
= 0.01). Both endoscopic morphology (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.75) and API2-MALT1 fusion (OR = 14.29, 95% CI 4.19–48.67) impacted the efficacy of anti-Hp therapy. However, multivariate analysis identified API2-MALT1 fusion as the only independent predictor of treatment outcome (OR = 12.18, 95% CI 3.49–42.55,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Gastric MALT lymphomas with superficial-type morphology, particularly those with defined borders resembling early gastric cancer, were associated with API2/MALT1 fusion and a lower remission rate after Hp eradication therapy. This suggests that endoscopic morphology, along with API2/MALT1 fusion status, could help predict the therapeutic response, with API2/MALT1 fusion serving as a critical indicator of treatment resistance.
Journal Article
Versatile Asymmetric Separator with Dendrite‐Free Alloy Anode Enables High‐Performance Li–S Batteries
Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with extremely‐high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) are deemed to be the most likely energy storage system to be commercialized. However, the polysulfides shuttling and lithium (Li) metal anode failure in LSBs limit its further commercialization. Herein, a versatile asymmetric separator and a Li‐rich lithium–magnesium (Li–Mg) alloy anode are applied in LSBs. The asymmetric separator is consisted of lithiated‐sulfonated porous organic polymer (SPOP‐Li) and Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLZNO) layers toward the cathode and anode, respectively. SPOP‐Li serves as a polysulfides barrier and Li‐ion conductor, while the LLZNO functions as an “ion redistributor”. Combining with a stable Li–Mg alloy anode, the symmetric cell achieves 5300 h of Li stripping/plating and the modified LSBs exhibit a long lifespan with an ultralow fading rate of 0.03% per cycle for over 1000 cycles at 5 C. Impressively, even under a high‐sulfur‐loading (6.1 mg cm−2), an area capacity of 4.34 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles can still be maintained, demonstrating high potential for practical application. A versatile asymmetric separator is constructed by covering lithiated sulfonate‐rich porous organic polymer (SPOP‐Li) and Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLZNO) on the PP substrate for serving as a LiPSs barrier and an “ion redistributor”, combing with stable Li‐rich Li‐Mg alloy anode, a dendrite‐free anode and high‐energy‐density of LSBs are expected to be realized.
Journal Article