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Background Anaemia has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the associations between anaemia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between anaemia and CSF AD biomarkers. Methods Participants were included from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study. The associations of anaemia and its severity with CSF AD biomarkers including β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were analysed by multiple linear regression models. Adjusted for age, gender, educational levels, APOE ε4 alleles, comorbidities (history of coronary heart disease, history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia) and glomerular filtration rate. Results A total of 646 cognitively normal older adults, consisting of 117 anaemia patients and 529 non-anaemia individuals, were included in this study. Anaemia patients had lower levels of CSF Aβ42 than individuals without anaemia ( p  = 0.035). Besides, participants with more severe anaemia had lower CSF Aβ42 levels ( p  = 0.045). No significant association of anaemia with CSF t-tau and p-tau levels was found. Conclusion Cross-sectionally, anaemia was associated with lower CSF Aβ42 levels. These findings consolidated the causal close relationship between anaemia and AD.

Anaemia has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the associations between anaemia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between anaemia and CSF AD biomarkers. A total of 646 cognitively normal older adults, consisting of 117 anaemia patients and 529 non-anaemia individuals, were included in this study. Anaemia patients had lower levels of CSF A[beta]42 than individuals without anaemia (p = 0.035). Besides, participants with more severe anaemia had lower CSF A[beta]42 levels (p = 0.045). No significant association of anaemia with CSF t-tau and p-tau levels was found. Cross-sectionally, anaemia was associated with lower CSF A[beta]42 levels. These findings consolidated the causal close relationship between anaemia and AD.

A new metal–organic framework (MOF), [Co2(L)2(azpy)]n (compound 1, H2L = 5-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)-isophthalic acid, azpy = 4,4′-azopyridine), was synthesized by a solvothermal method and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis for compound 1 indicated that two cis L22− ligands connected to two cobalt atoms resulted in a macrocycle structure. Through a series of adsorption tests, we found that compound 1 exhibited a high capacity of CO2, and the adsorption capacity could reach 30.04 cm3/g. More interestingly, under 273 K conditions, the adsorption of CO2 was 41.33 cm3/g. In addition, when the Co-MOF was irradiated by a 730 nm laser, rapid temperature increases for compound 1 were observed (temperature variation in 169 s: 26.6 °C), showing an obvious photothermal conversion performance. The photothermal conversion efficiency reached 20.3%, which might be due to the fact that the parallel arrangement of azo units inhibited non-radiative transition and promoted photothermal conversion. The study provides an efficient strategy for designing MOFs for the adsorption of CO2 and with good photothermal conversion performance.

Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling twodimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional (3-D) full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity–stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity V x , V y , and V z for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of V y , and V z of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways.

Aim: IL-37b has shown anti-cancer activities in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-37b on breast carcinoma growth in mice and to determine the involvement of T cell activation in the effects. Methods: IL-37b gene was transferred into mouse breast carcinoma cell line 4T1 (4T1-IL37b cells), the expression of secretory IL-37b by the cells was detected, and the effects of IL-37b expression on the cell proliferation in vitro was evaluated. After injection of 4T1 cells or 4T1-IL37b cells into immunocompetent BALB/c mice, immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice and NOD-SCID mice, the tumor growth and survival rate were measured. The proliferation of T cells in vitro was also detected. Results: IL-37b was detected in the supernatants of 4T1-IL37b cells with a concentration of 12.02±0.875 ng/mL. IL-37b expression did not affect 4T1 cell proliferation in vitro . BALB/c mice inoculated with 4T1-IL37b cells showed significant retardation of tumor growth. BALB/c mice inoculated with both 4T1 cells and mitomycin C-treated 4T1-IL37b cells also showed significant retardation of tumor growth. But the anti-cancer activity of IL-37b was abrogated in BALB/c nude mice and NOD-SCID mice inoculated with 4T1-IL37b cells. Recombinant IL-37b slightly promoted CD4 + T cell proliferation without affecting CD8 + T cell proliferation. Conclusion: IL-37b exerts anti-4T1 breast carcinoma effects in vivo by modulating the tumor microenvironment and influencing T cell activation.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of two different moxibustion methods both with tai-yi moxa stick in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Methods Forty-three patients were randomized into two groups by the random number table according to their treatment orders. The causalgic group was intervened by causalgic stimulation with tai-yi moxa stick while the tepid group was treated by mild thermal stimulation with tai-yi moxa stick. Shiqizhui (EX-B 8) was selected for both groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for observation before and during the treatment by every 10 min to compare the clinical efficacies between the two groups. Results Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in pain intensity between the two groups ( P >0.05). After treatment, both groups achieved significant improvements in pain intensity ( P < 0.05), but the inter-group difference in pain intensity was still statistically insignificant ( P > 0.05), but the difference was enlarged comparing with that before treatment. The pain relief during the first 10 min of treatment was slower in the causalgic group than that in the tepid group. However, during the later 20 min, the pain relief in the calsalgia group gradually outpaced that in the tepid group. Conclusion The two moxibustion methods with tai-yi moxa stick both have a good instant analgesic effect in treating primary dysmenorrhea. For patients with primary dysmenorrhea, if 30 min is regarded as the treatment time, mild stimulation was suggested to be used for the first 10 min, and causalgic stimulation for the later 20 min to achieve a better curative effect.

A new metal–organic framework (MOF), [Co[sub.2](L)[sub.2](azpy)][sub.n] (compound 1, H[sub.2]L = 5-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)-isophthalic acid, azpy = 4,4′-azopyridine), was synthesized by a solvothermal method and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis for compound 1 indicated that two cis L2[sup.2−] ligands connected to two cobalt atoms resulted in a macrocycle structure. Through a series of adsorption tests, we found that compound 1 exhibited a high capacity of CO[sub.2], and the adsorption capacity could reach 30.04 cm[sup.3]/g. More interestingly, under 273 K conditions, the adsorption of CO[sub.2] was 41.33 cm[sup.3]/g. In addition, when the Co-MOF was irradiated by a 730 nm laser, rapid temperature increases for compound 1 were observed (temperature variation in 169 s: 26.6 °C), showing an obvious photothermal conversion performance. The photothermal conversion efficiency reached 20.3%, which might be due to the fact that the parallel arrangement of azo units inhibited non-radiative transition and promoted photothermal conversion. The study provides an efficient strategy for designing MOFs for the adsorption of CO[sub.2] and with good photothermal conversion performance.

INTRODUCTION Lymphedema is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterized by abnormal tissue swelling, adipose deposition, tissue fibrosis, and edema resulting from disruption, blockage, or genetic abnormalities of the lymphatic system.

The truncated chromosome 22 that results from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) is known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In leukemia cells, Ph not only impairs the physiological signaling pathways but also disrupts genomic stability. This aberrant fusion gene encodes the breakpoint cluster region‐proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase (BCR‐ABL1) oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. The kinase activity is responsible for maintaining proliferation, inhibiting differentiation, and conferring resistance to cell death. During the progression of CML from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase and then to the blast phase, the expression patterns of different BCR‐ABL1 transcripts vary. Each BCR‐ABL1 transcript is present in a distinct leukemia phenotype, which predicts both response to therapy and clinical outcome. Besides CML, the Ph is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia. Here, we provide an overview of the clinical presentation and cellular biology of different phenotypes of Ph‐positive leukemia and highlight key findings regarding leukemogenesis.

Objective：Clinical application ofautologous fat grafting （AFG） is quickly expanding.Despite the widely acceptance,long-term survival rate （SR） of AFG remains a question not yet solved.Meanwhile,although rare,severe complications related to AFG including vision loss,stroke even death could be seen in the literature.Data Sources：A comprehensive research of PubMed database to June 2013 was performed according to guidelines of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Fat Graft Task Force Assessment Methodology.Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Study Selection：Data collected included patient characteristics,surgical technique,donor site,recipient site,graft amount,and quantified measurement methods.Patient cohorts were pooled,and SR was calculated.All the severe complications were also summarized according to the different clinical characteristics.Results：Of 550 articles,16 clinical articles and 10 animal studies met the inclusion criteria and provided quantified measurement methods.Totally,596 patients were included.SR varied from 34％ to 82％ in breast and 30-83％ in the facial area.Nude mice were applied to investigate human fat grafting SR （38.3-52.5％ after 15 weeks）.Rabbits were commonly used to study animal AFG SR （14.00-14.56％ after 1-year）.Totally,21 severe complications were reported,including death （2）,stroke （10）,vision loss （11,8 of which accompanied with stroke）,sepsis （3）,multiple abscess （1） and giant fat necrotic cyst （2）.Ten of these complications happened within 10 years.Conclusions：There is no unified measurement method to evaluate fat graft SR until now and no clinical evidence to show better SR according to different donor and recipient cite.Body mass index change between pre-and postoperation may be the bias factor in evaluating fat SR.Fat embolisms of the ophthalmic artery and the middle cerebral artery are the most severe complication of AFG and still lack of effective treatment.