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"Yang, Li"
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Formation of Chinese art cinema : 1990-2003
The Formation of Chinese art cinema: 1990-2003 examines the development of Chinese art film in the people's republic of China from 1990, when the first Sixth Generation film Mama was released, to 2003, when authorities acknowledged the legitimacy of underground filmmakers. Through an exploration of the production and consecration mechanisms of the new art wave and its representative styles, this book argues that the art wave of the 1990s fundamentally defined Chinese art cinema. In particular, this vital art wave was not enabled by democratic liberalism, but by the specific industrial development, in which the film system transitioned from Socialist propaganda into a commercialized entity. Allowing Chinese art film to grow but at the same time denying its legitimacy, this paradoxical transition process shaped Chinese art film's institutional and aesthetical alternative positioning, which eventually helped consolidate the art wave into art cinema. Ultimately, this book is a history of the Chinese portion of global art cinema, which also reveals the complex Chinese cultural experiences during the Reform Era.
Book
Predicting RNA splicing from DNA sequence using Pangolin
Recent progress in deep learning has greatly improved the prediction of RNA splicing from DNA sequence. Here, we present Pangolin, a deep learning model to predict splice site strength in multiple tissues. Pangolin outperforms state-of-the-art methods for predicting RNA splicing on a variety of prediction tasks. Pangolin improves prediction of the impact of genetic variants on RNA splicing, including common, rare, and lineage-specific genetic variation. In addition, Pangolin identifies loss-of-function mutations with high accuracy and recall, particularly for mutations that are not missense or nonsense, demonstrating remarkable potential for identifying pathogenic variants.
Journal Article
Monitoring and modeling of global changes : a geomatics perspective
The chapters in this book present state-of-the-art geomatics technologies applied in global environmental studies. This text provides the latest research findings and delivers complete references to related publications. This book will motivate the undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and practitioners to better understand the environmental changes with informed solutions. Global change studies are increasingly considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, especially in the framework of human-induced, climate change and land use transformation. 'Satellite Earth Observing systems' and geomatics technologies provide a unique tool to monitor and model the changes, respectively. While the range of applications and innovative techniques are always increasing, this book provides a summary of key study cases where satellite data offers critical information to understand the usefulness of the geomatics technologies and global environmental issues. Geomatics technologies provide powerful tools to model and analyze the effects of those global environmental changes towards minimizing their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
Book
Diversity of nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria associated with sugarcane: a comprehensive study of plant-microbe interactions for growth enhancement in Saccharum spp
Background
Nitrogen is an essential element for sugarcane growth and development and is generally applied in the form of urea often much more than at recommended rates, causing serious soil degradation, particularly soil acidification, as well as groundwater and air pollution. In spite of the importance of nitrogen for plant growth, fewer reports are available to understand the application and biological role of N
2
fixing bacteria to improve N
2
nutrition in the sugarcane plant.
Results
In this study, a total of 350 different bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples of the sugarcane plants. Out of these, 22 isolates were selected based on plant growth promotion traits, biocontrol, and nitrogenase activity. The presence and activity of the
nifH
gene and the ability of nitrogen-fixation proved that all 22 selected strains have the ability to fix nitrogen. These strains were used to perform 16S rRNA and
rpoB
genes for their identification. The resulted amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was constructed. Among the screened strains for nitrogen fixation, CY5 (
Bacillus megaterium
) and CA1 (
Bacillus mycoides
) were the most prominent. These two strains were examined for functional diversity using Biolog phenotyping, which confirmed the consumption of diverse carbon and nitrogen sources and tolerance to low pH and osmotic stress. The inoculated bacterial strains colonized the sugarcane rhizosphere successfully and were mostly located in root and leaf. The expression of the
nifH
gene in both sugarcane varieties (GT11 and GXB9) inoculated with CY5 and CA1 was confirmed. The gene expression studies showed enhanced expression of genes of various enzymes such as catalase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, chitinase and glucanase in bacterial-inoculated sugarcane plants.
Conclusion
The results showed that a substantial number of
Bacillus
isolates have N-fixation and biocontrol property against two sugarcane pathogens
Sporisorium scitamineum
and
Ceratocystis paradoxa
. The increased activity of genes controlling free radical metabolism may at least in part accounts for the increased tolerance to pathogens. Nitrogen-fixation was confirmed in sugarcane inoculated with
B. megaterium
and
B. mycoides
strains using N-balance and
15
N
2
isotope dilution in different plant parts of sugarcane. This is the first report of
Bacillus mycoides
as a nitrogen-fixing rhizobacterium in sugarcane.
Journal Article
Deep learning in natural language processing
Deep learning has revolutionized a number of applications in artificial intelligence, including speech, vision, natural language, game playing, healthcare, and robotics. In particular, the recent striking success of deep learning in a wide variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) application areas has been taken as a landmark of deep learning in one of the most important tasks in Artificial Intelligence. The book presents the state-of-the-art of deep learning research, and its applications in major NLP tasks including speech recognition, lexical analysis, parsing, knowledge graph, machine translation, information retrieval, question answering, sentiment analysis, social computing, spoken language understanding, and dialogue systems. The self-contained, comprehensive chapters have been written by leading researchers in the field. It appeals undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, lecturers, and industrial researchers and anyone interested in deep learning and natural language processing.
Book
Evaluation of piggyBac‐mediated anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells after ex vivo expansion with aAPCs or magnetic beads
Adoptive immunotherapy is a new potential method of tumour therapy, among which anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T cell), is a typical treatment agent for haematological malignancies. Previous clinical trials showed that the quality and phenotype of CAR‐T cells expanded ex vivo would seriously affect the tumour treatment efficacy. Although magnetic beads are currently widely used to expand CAR‐T cells, the optimal expansion steps and methods have not been completely established. In this study, the differences between CAR‐T cells expanded with anti‐CD3/CD28 mAb‐coated beads and those expanded with cell‐based aAPCs expressing CD19/CD64/CD86/CD137L/mIL‐15 counter‐receptors were compared. The results showed that the number of CD19‐specific CAR‐T cells with a 4‐1BB and CD28 co‐stimulatory domain was much greater with stimulation by aAPCs than that with beads. In addition, the expression of memory marker CD45RO was higher, whereas expression of exhausted molecules was lower in CAR‐T cells expanded with aAPCs comparing with the beads. Both CAR‐T cells showed significant targeted tumoricidal effects. The CAR‐T cells stimulated with aAPCs secreted apoptosis‐related cytokines. Moreover, they also possessed marked anti‐tumour effect on NAMALWA xenograft mouse model. The present findings provided evidence on the safety and advantage of two expansion methods for CAR‐T cells genetically modified by piggyBac transposon system.
Journal Article
Integrated lithium niobate photonics
Lithium niobate (LiNbO
) on insulator (LNOI) is a promising material platform for integrated photonics due to single crystal LiNbO
film’s wide transparent window, high refractive index, and high second-order nonlinearity. Based on LNOI, the fast-developing ridge-waveguide fabrication techniques enabled various structures, devices, systems, and applications. We review the basic structures including waveguides, cavities, periodically poled LiNbO
, and couplers, along with their fabrication methods and optical properties. Treating those basic structures as building blocks, we review several integrated devices including electro-optic modulators, nonlinear optical devices, and optical frequency combs with each device’s operating mechanism, design principle and methodology, and performance metrics. Starting from these integrated devices, we review how integrated LNOI devices boost the performance of LiNbO
’s traditional applications in optical communications and data center, integrated microwave photonics, and quantum optics. Beyond those traditional applications, we also review integrated LNOI devices’ novel applications in metrology including ranging system and frequency comb spectroscopy. Finally, we envision integrated LNOI photonics’ potential in revolutionizing nonlinear and quantum optics, optical computing and signal processing, and devices in ultraviolet, visible, and mid-infrared regimes. Beyond this outlook, we discuss the challenges in integrated LNOI photonics and the potential solutions.
Journal Article
Effects of early recombinant human growth hormone treatment in young Chinese children with Prader–Willi syndrome
Background
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare and multisystemic genetic disorder that is characterized by severe hypotonia, hyperphagia, short stature, and global developmental delay. Although early recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment has been proven to rescue some symptoms and bring additional benefits to PWS patients, studies in patients under 2 years old are scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of rhGH treatment for young children.
Methods
A total of 96 genetically confirmed Chinese PWS infants or toddlers (47 males) followed between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-five infants (early treatment group) started rhGH treatment during their first year, and 31 toddlers (later treatment group) started at the age of 1–2 years. Auxological parameters, carbohydrate metabolism parameters, thyroid function, liver function, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and radiographs were acquired before the initiation of the treatment and every 3–6 months thereafter. Height/length, weight, and weight for height were expressed as standard deviation scores (SDSs) according to WHO child growth standards.
Results
The mean SDS of length/height in the early treatment group was significantly higher than that in the later treatment group throughout the observation period (all
P
< 0.001). The change in the length SDS between the two groups at 1 year old and 4 years old was 1.50 (95% CI, 0.88–2.13) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.16–1.10), respectively. Compared to the later treatment group, the weight SDS in the early treatment group increased by 0.94 (95% CI, 0.37–1.52) at 1 year old and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.28–1.39) at 2 years old. No statistical significance was found after 2.5 years of age. No significant differences were observed in IGF-1, incidence of liver dysfunction, hypothyroidism or spinal deformity between the two groups.
Conclusions
rhGH treatment improved growth and body composition in infants and toddlers. Furthermore, an early start of rhGH treatment is expected to have more efficacy than the later treatment group without an increase in adverse effects.
Journal Article