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"Yang, Min"
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Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments—A State-of-Art Review
Steel has versatile application in chemical, structure and construction industries owing to its mechanical properties. However, it is susceptible to corrosion in acid environments. Thus, it requires to protect the steel from corrosion. Different types of corrosion resistance steel, coatings and inhibitors are developed to mitigate the corrosion, but, inhibitor is the best remedies to control the corrosion of steel in acid condition. Moreover, organic and green inhibitors used in acid condition for descaling, acid pickling, pipelines, boiler tubes and oil-wells. Organic inhibitors reduce the dissolution of steel in acid but, it is hazardous, expensive and needs expertise to synthesize the inhibitor. Therefore, there is utmost required to study and compile the latest research about the eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, which showed more than 90% corrosion inhibition efficiency. In the present study, I have reviewed the state-of-arts, and compile the latest development in organic and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor used in acid environment as well as suggested about the future scope and role of green inhibitor for sustainable society, which is economical, less hazardous and readily available from the natural sources.
Journal Article
Flexo-photovoltaic effect
Noncentrosymmetric crystal structure can lead to a peculiar kind of charge separation under illumination called the bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect. Solar cells made of such materials, however, typically have low efficiency. Yang
et al.
expanded the class of materials capable of exhibiting the BPV effect by making ordinarily centrosymmetric materials, such as SrTiO
3
and TiO
2
, lose their inversion symmetry. The authors accomplished this by applying a point force on the surface of the material. This induced a strain gradient and the loss of inversion symmetry, resulting in large photovoltaic currents under illumination. The mechanism, dubbed the flexo-photovoltaic effect, is expected to apply to most semiconductors.
Science
, this issue p.
904
A bulk photoelectric effect is induced in centrosymmetric semiconductors by applying a point force on the materials’ surfaces.
It is highly desirable to discover photovoltaic mechanisms that enable enhanced efficiency of solar cells. Here we report that the bulk photovoltaic effect, which is free from the thermodynamic Shockley-Queisser limit but usually manifested only in noncentrosymmetric (piezoelectric or ferroelectric) materials, can be realized in any semiconductor, including silicon, by mediation of flexoelectric effect. We used either an atomic force microscope or a micrometer-scale indentation system to introduce strain gradients, thus creating very large photovoltaic currents from centrosymmetric single crystals of strontium titanate, titanium dioxide, and silicon. This strain gradient–induced bulk photovoltaic effect, which we call the flexo-photovoltaic effect, functions in the absence of a p-n junction. This finding may extend present solar cell technologies by boosting the solar energy conversion efficiency from a wide pool of established semiconductors.
Journal Article
Environmental heavy metals and cardiovascular diseases: Status and future direction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental degradation are leading global health problems of our time. Recent studies have linked exposure to heavy metals to the risks of CVD and diabetes, particularly in populations from low- and middle-income countries, where concomitant rapid development occurs. In this review, we 1) assessed the totality, quantity, and consistency of the available epidemiological studies, linking heavy metal exposures to the risk of CVD (including stroke and coronary heart disease); 2) discussed the potential biological mechanisms underlying some tantalizing observations in humans; and 3) identified gaps in our knowledge base that must be investigated in future work. An accumulating body of evidence from both experimental and observational studies implicates exposure to heavy metals, in a dose-response manner, in the increased risk of CVD. The limitations of most existing studies include insufficient statistical power, lack of comprehensive assessment of exposure, and cross-sectional design. Given the widespread exposure to heavy metals, an urgent need has emerged to investigate these putative associations of environmental exposures, either independently or jointly, with incident CVD outcomes prospectively in well-characterized cohorts of diverse populations, and to determine potential strategies to prevent and control the impacts of heavy metal exposure on the cardiometabolic health outcomes of individuals and populations.
Journal Article
إلى أين تسبح السلاحف البحرية ؟ : البيئة-البحار والمحطيات
صدر عن مجموعة النيل العربية، طبعة مترجمة إلى اللغة العربية من قصة إلى أين تسبح السلاحف البحرية وهي من الأدب الكوري، تأليف جانج سو مين. تؤكد القصة على أن البحار والمحيطات تشغل حوالي 70 % من اليابسة على كوكب الأرض وتحتفظ بالحرارة التي تنبعث من أشعة الشمس وهذا يساعد على توازن الحرارة على كوكب الأرض، كما توجد في البحار والمحيطات أنواع عديدة من الكائنات الحية ومصادر الطاقة المهمة مثل البترول والغاز الطبيعي ولذلك تعد البحار والمحيطات من أهم الدعائم التي تقوم عليها حياة الإنسان.
BOOK
Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications
Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space–time modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a promising technology for sixth‐generation communication networks, are explored. Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR‐RISs) that can achieve full‐space EM wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.
This review presents the recent progress of intelligent metasurfaces, focusing on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. The authors discuss the reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space‐gradient, time‐modulated, and space–time modulated metasurfaces. Furthermore, the emerging research direction of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces are demonstrated. Finally, the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.
Journal Article
Existence uniqueness of mild solutions for ψ-Caputo fractional stochastic evolution equations driven by fBm
In this paper, we investigate the existence uniqueness of mild solutions for a class of ψ-Caputo fractional stochastic evolution equations with varying-time delay driven by fBm, which seems to be the first theoretical result of the ψ-Caputo fractional stochastic evolution equations. Alternative conditions to guarantee the existence uniqueness of mild solutions are obtained using fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, fixed point technique, and noncompact measure method. Moreover, an example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the obtained abstract results.
Journal Article