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Digital transformation is crucial for sustainable development of enterprises and for addressing the conundrum of \"efficiency and environment\". Utilizing a dataset from A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2021, this paper investigates the direct impact, underlying mechanism and driving effect of enterprise digital transformation on carbon emission intensity. The findings reveal that: (1) At this stage, digital transformation in listed companies effectively reduces their carbon intensity, but the relationship between the two is not linear; instead, it exhibits a U-shaped trajectory, initially decreasing then increasing. (2) Analysis of mechanism indicates that costs associated with environmental governance and innovations in green technology serve as critical pathways through which corporate digital transformation influences carbon intensity. (3) The analysis of driving effect suggests that the digital transformation significantly curtails the carbon emission intensity of both upstream and downstream enterprises as well as those within the same industry and geographical region, through industrial linkage and the cohort effect. (4) Heterogeneity analysis elucidates that the digital transformation of enterprises in regions with stronger government environmental regulations has a markedly more pronounced effect on reducing the carbon emission intensity. Furthermore, the carbon emission reduction effect of digital transformation is more potent in capital-intensive and technology-intensive enterprises compared to labor-intensive enterprises. This paper offers valuable insights for fostering enterprise digital transformation and promoting green, low-carbon development aligned with the \"dual-carbon\" strategy.

This article proposes an integer ambiguity determination method based on Beidou system-reflectometry (Beidou-R) observations of the carrier phase at the B1I and B3I frequencies. To enhance the accuracy of sea surface height (SSH) estimation, this study introduces a parallel filtering algorithm and an adaptive iterative fusion algorithm, enabling data fusion based on the variance at B1I and B3I frequencies. To validate and evaluate the proposed method, a coastal experiment was conducted at the Shenxian River. In this experiment, reflected signals from GEO and IGSO satellites were collected. Data analysis reveals that the method is effective, demonstrating that the root mean square error (RMSE) of SSH achieves 2.85 cm and 2.89 cm for PRN 04 and PRN 33, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of the elevation angle on measurement accuracy is analyzed. This study aims to propose a method to enhance coastal sea surface height estimation, offering potential advancements in sea surface altimetry.

This study examined the stress corrosion of Alloy 625 in Cl− + S2O32− solutions using digital holography in combination with electrochemical methods. Without elastic tensile stress, intergranular corrosion (IGC) occurred, due to the higher activity of grain boundaries compared to the grain interior and to preferential adsorption of sulfur (produced by S2O32− decomposition) at these boundaries. Digital holography observations showed that IGC initiated at certain grain boundaries and propagated to adjacent boundaries, even in the absence of elastic tensile deformation. Applying elastic tensile stress (260 MPa, ~46% σy) increased the defect density within the oxide film, thereby enhancing corrosion and anodic currents, and inducing river-like cracks. Although elastic tensile stress suppressed IGC, it simultaneously promoted stress corrosion cracking (SCC), as the stress exerted a stronger accelerating effect on corrosion than the grain-boundary did. Digital holography allowed in situ monitoring of the stress corrosion process in Alloy 625, demonstrating that cracks initiated via localized corrosion/IGC and subsequently propagated along the direction of the applied stress.

Alexithymia is regarded as a ‘lack of words for emotions’ and is a subclinical trait. Empty-nest elderly in China are at higher risk of developing alexithymia due to the nature of their lives. Alexithymia can cause further damage to the mental health of empty nesters and also affect recovery from illness. Nevertheless, studies on alexithymia among Chinese empty-nesters are scarce, particularly in terms of large-scale empirical research. This study aims to assess the prevalence of alexithymia among the Chinese empty-nest elderly and to determine potential factors associated with alexithymia. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 394 empty-nest elderly (195 males and 199 females) in Chengdu City and Ziyang City were selected by convenience sampling. Among them, individuals aged 60–69 years, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years old accounted for 50.5%, 31.5%, and 18.0%, respectively. All participants were surveyed from April 2022 to June 2023. The total incidence of alexithymia and borderline alexithymia among participants was 33.5% and 35.3% in this study. The personality (introversion and ambiversion), number of chronic diseases (2–3 and ≥ 4), social loneliness, and emotional loneliness were positively associated with alexithymia ( p  < 0.01), while instrumental support, emotional support, provided support, education level (bachelor degree or higher), occupation before retirement (worker and public institution personnel) and monthly income [1001–3000 Chinese yuan (CNY; ¥; RMB) and ≤ 1000 CNY] were negative factors ( p  < 0.01); these factors explained 55.3% of the total model variance. Our findings suggested that empty nesters’ alexithymia appears to be influenced by many factors, especially social support and loneliness. The results may provide clues to help health professionals identify empty-nesters’ vulnerability to alexithymia and reduce its prevalence.

Camouflaged object detection (COD) aims to segment objects embedded in the environment from the background. Most existing methods are easily affected by background interference in cluttered environments and cannot accurately locate camouflage areas, resulting in over‐segmentation or incomplete segmentation structures. To effectively improve the performance of COD, we propose a spatial perceptual activation network (SPANet). SPANet extracts the spatial positional relationship between each object in the scene by activating spatial perception and uses it as global information to guide segmentation. It mainly consists of three modules: perceptual activation module (PAM), feature inference module (FIM), and interaction recovery module (IRM). Specifically, the authors design a PAM to model the positional relationship between the camouflaged object and the surrounding environment to obtain semantic correlation information. Then, a FIM that can effectively combine correlation information to suppress background interference and re‐encode to generate multi‐scale features is proposed. In addition, to further fuse multi‐scale features, an IRM to mine the complementary information and differences between features at different scales is designed. Extensive experimental results on four widely used benchmark datasets (i.e. CAMO, CHAMELEON, COD10K, and NC4K) show that the authors’ method outperforms 13 state‐of‐the‐art methods. Most existing methods are easily affected by background interference in cluttered environments and cannot accurately locate camouflage areas, resulting in over‐segmentation or incomplete segmentation structures. To effectively improve the performance of COD, a spatial perceptual activation network (SPANet) is proposed. SPANet extracts the spatial positional relationship between each object in the scene by activating spatial perception and uses it as global information to guide segmentation.

We study the general problem of equidistribution of expanding translates of an analytic curve by an algebraic diagonal flow on the homogeneous space G/Γ of a semisimple algebraic group G. We define two families of algebraic subvarieties of the associated partial flag variety G / P, which give the obstructions to non-divergence and equidistribution. We apply this to prove that for Lebesgue almost every point on an analytic curve in the space of m×n real matrices whose image is not contained in any subvariety coming from these two families, Dirichlet’s theorem on simultaneous Diophantine approximation cannot be improved. The proof combines geometric invariant theory, Ratner’s theorem on measure rigidity for unipotent flows, and linearization technique.

The effect of low atmospheric pressure of the environment on the air content and bubble stability of air-entrained concrete was investigated in Beijing and Lhasa. The results indicate that the reduction of atmospheric pressure can weaken the air-entraining capability of air-entraining agents (AEAs). The air content of fresh concrete decreased by 9%–39% when the atmospheric pressure dropped to 64 kPa. The bubble stability of concrete mixed at a low atmospheric pressure becomes worse. Within 50–55 min after mixing, the air content of concrete mixed at a low atmospheric pressure decreases greatly, and the void spacing factor increases obviously. The concrete mixed at a low atmospheric pressure will lose more air content when vibration time increases, leading to the decrease of air content and the increase of the spacing factor, which are more significant than the concrete mixed at normal atmospheric pressure. On the basis of the experiment results in this study, the type of AEAs must be carefully selected, and the vibration time must be strictly controlled to ensure that the air content of concrete will meet the design requirements in low atmospheric pressure areas.

A cell-based phenotypic screen for inhibitors of biofilm formation in mycobacteria identified the small molecule TCA1, which has bactericidal activity against both drug-susceptible and -resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and sterilizes Mtb in vitro combined with rifampicin or isoniazid. In addition, TCA1 has bactericidal activity against nonreplicating Mtb in vitro and is efficacious in acute and chronic Mtb infection mouse models both alone and combined with rifampicin or isoniazid. Transcriptional analysis revealed that TCA1 down-regulates genes known to be involved in Mtb persistence. Genetic and affinity-based methods identified decaprenyl-phosphoryl-β-D-ribofuranose oxidoreductase DprE1 and MoeW, enzymes involved in cell wall and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, respectively, as targets responsible for the activity of TCA1. These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that this compound functions by a unique mechanism and suggest that TCA1 may lead to the development of a class of antituberculosis agents.

This study proposes a precast concrete bridge pier system designed to enhance seismic resilience and post-earthquake reparability. The structural configuration integrates ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), externally replaceable steel-angle energy-dissipating components, and unbonded post-tensioned tendons. The seismic performance of the system was evaluated through quasi-static tests under cyclic loading. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed pier exhibited stable hysteretic behavior and minimal residual displacement, effectively concentrating damage within the intended plastic hinge region. The superior strength of UHPC further contributed to improved load-bearing capacity and less localized concrete compressive damage at the rocking interface. The external steel angles improved the energy dissipation capacity of the precast column significantly, and its external arrangement made the post-earthquake replacement much easier as compared to internal energy dissipation bars. The feasibility of the proposed seismic-resilient pier system was successfully validated, offering a promising solution for bridge design in high-seismic-intensity regions.