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"Yang, Tang"
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Plant exudates-driven microbiome recruitment and assembly facilitates plant health management
Abstract
Plant–microbiome symbiotic interactions play a crucial role in regulating plant health and productivity. To establish symbiotic relationships, the plant secretes a variety of substances to facilitate microbial community recruitment and assembly. In recent years, important progress has been made in studying how plant exudates attract beneficial microorganisms and regulate plant health. However, the mechanisms of plant exudates-mediated microbial community recruitment and assembly and their effects on plant health are no comprehensive review. Here, we summarize the interaction mechanisms among plant exudates, microbial community recruitment and assembly, and plant health. First, we systematically evaluate the type and distribution of plant exudates, as well as their role in microbiome recruitment and assembly. Second, we summarize the mechanisms of plant exudates in terms of microbiome recruitment, diversity regulation and chemotaxis. Finally, we list some typical examples for elucidating the importance of plant exudates in promoting plant health and development. This review contributes to utilizing plant exudate or beneficial microbiome resources to manage plant health and productivity.
This review explores how plant exudates facilitate the recruitment and assembly of beneficial microbial communities, enhancing plant health and productivity through mechanisms like nutrient provision, chemical signaling, and pathogen suppression, while emphasizing their potential in sustainable plant health management strategies.
Journal Article
Emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a primary metabolic sensor, and is expressed in different immune cells, such as macrophage, dendritic cell, neutrophil, T cell, and non-immune cells, for instance, synovial fibroblast, and islet β cell. HIF-1α signaling regulates cellular metabolism, triggering the release of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells proliferation. It is known that microenvironment hypoxia, vascular proliferation, and impaired immunological balance are present in autoimmune diseases. To date, HIF-1α is recognized to be overexpressed in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and function of HIF-1α is dysregulated in these diseases. In this review, we narrate the signaling pathway of HIF-1α and the possible immunopathological roles of HIF-1α in autoimmune diseases. The collected information will provide a theoretical basis for the familiarization and development of new clinical trials and treatment based on HIF-1α and inflammatory autoimmune disorders in the future.
Journal Article
Coordination tailoring of Cu single sites on C3N4 realizes selective CO2 hydrogenation at low temperature
CO
2
hydrogenation has attracted great attention, yet the quest for highly-efficient catalysts is driven by the current disadvantages of poor activity, low selectivity, and ambiguous structure-performance relationship. We demonstrate here that C
3
N
4
-supported Cu single atom catalysts with tailored coordination structures, namely, Cu–N
4
and Cu–N
3
, can serve as highly selective and active catalysts for CO
2
hydrogenation at low temperature. The modulation of the coordination structure of Cu single atom is readily realized by simply altering the treatment parameters. Further investigations reveal that Cu–N
4
favors CO
2
hydrogenation to form CH
3
OH via the formate pathway, while Cu–N
3
tends to catalyze CO
2
hydrogenation to produce CO via the reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS) pathway. Significantly, the CH
3
OH productivity and selectivity reach 4.2 mmol g
–1
h
–1
and 95.5%, respectively, for Cu–N
4
single atom catalyst. We anticipate this work will promote the fundamental researches on the structure-performance relationship of catalysts.
CO
2
hydrogenation has attracted intense scientific attention yet suffers from the disadvantage of poor activity and low selectivity. Here, the authors report that Cu single atom catalysts with tailored coordination environments on C
3
N
4
serve as highly selective catalysts for CO
2
hydrogenation.
Journal Article
Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with unique physicochemical properties have attracted tremendous attention in many fields, yet the precise control on dimension and morphology at atomic level remains formidable challenges. Herein, we synthesize unique PtRuNiCoFeMo HEA subnanometer nanowires (SNWs) for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The mass and specific activities of HEA SNWs/C reach 6.75 A mg
Pt+Ru
−1
and 8.96 mA cm
−2
, respectively, which are 2.8/2.6, 4.1/2.4, and 19.8/18.7 times higher than those of HEA NPs/C, commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C, respectively. It can even display enhanced resistance to CO poisoning during HOR in the presence of 1000 ppm CO. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong interactions between different metal sites in HEA SNWs can greatly regulate the binding strength of proton and hydroxyl, and therefore enhances the HOR activity. This work not only provides a viable synthetic route for the fabrication of Pt-based HEA subnano/nano materials, but also promotes the fundamental researches on catalysis and beyond.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted increasing attention in diverse field. Here, the authors report PtRuNiCoFeMo HEA with enhanced activity, stability and preferable CO anti-poisoning in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction.
Journal Article
Remote Sensing Object Detection in the Deep Learning Era—A Review
Given the large volume of remote sensing images collected daily, automatic object detection and segmentation have been a consistent need in Earth observation (EO). However, objects of interest vary in shape, size, appearance, and reflecting properties. This is not only reflected by the fact that these objects exhibit differences due to their geographical diversity but also by the fact that these objects appear differently in images collected from different sensors (optical and radar) and platforms (satellite, aerial, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)). Although there exists a plethora of object detection methods in the area of remote sensing, given the very fast development of prevalent deep learning methods, there is still a lack of recent updates for object detection methods. In this paper, we aim to provide an update that informs researchers about the recent development of object detection methods and their close sibling in the deep learning era, instance segmentation. The integration of these methods will cover approaches to data at different scales and modalities, such as optical, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and digital surface models (DSM). Specific emphasis will be placed on approaches addressing data and label limitations in this deep learning era. Further, we survey examples of remote sensing applications that benefited from automatic object detection and discuss future trends of the automatic object detection in EO.
Journal Article
Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Particles for Therapeutics
Gallium (Ga) and Ga-based liquid metal (LM) alloys offer low toxicity, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, and fluidity at or near room temperature. Ga-based LM particles (LMPs) synthesized from these LMs exhibit both fluidic and metallic properties and are suitable for versatile functionalization in therapeutics. Functionalized Ga-based LMPs can be actuated using physical or chemical stimuli for drug delivery, cancer treatment, bioimaging, and biosensing. However, many of the fundamentals of their unique characteristics for therapeutics remain underexplored. We present the most recent advances in Ga-based LMPs in therapeutics based on the underlying mechanisms of their design and implementation. We also highlight some future biotechnological opportunities for Ga-based LMPs based on their extraordinary advantages.
The surface tension of gallium (Ga)-based liquid metals (LMs) can be broken using mechanical and chemical means, and smaller Ga-based LM particles (LMPs) can be constructed.Ga-based LMPs offer both fluidic and metallic cores and peculiar interfacial properties, which differ fundamentally from the properties of solid metal particles.Ga-based LMPs hold great potential for therapeutics. Functionalized Ga-based LMPs can be designed and activated for drug delivery, cancer treatment, bioimaging, and biosensing on stimulation by light, electromagnetic fields, mechanical means, or chemical reactions.Fundamental understanding of the effects of Ga-based LMPs’ surface oxides, their interactions with cells and their organelles, and their specific alloy composition with other elements should be further explored to expand the horizons of therapeutics using LMPs.
Journal Article
Liquid metal-filled magnetorheological elastomer with positive piezoconductivity
Conductive elastic composites have been used widely in soft electronics and soft robotics. These composites are typically a mixture of conductive fillers within elastomeric substrates. They can sense strain via changes in resistance resulting from separation of the fillers during elongation. Thus, most elastic composites exhibit a negative piezoconductive effect, i.e. the conductivity decreases under tensile strain. This property is undesirable for stretchable conductors since such composites may become less conductive during deformation. Here, we report a liquid metal-filled magnetorheological elastomer comprising a hybrid of fillers of liquid metal microdroplets and metallic magnetic microparticles. The composite’s resistivity reaches a maximum value in the relaxed state and drops drastically under any deformation, indicating that the composite exhibits an unconventional positive piezoconductive effect. We further investigate the magnetic field-responsive thermal properties of the composite and demonstrate several proof-of-concept applications. This composite has prospective applications in sensors, stretchable conductors, and responsive thermal interfaces.
Liquid metal-filled elastic composites for strain sensing devices exhibit reduced conductivity under strain, which limits their usefulness. Here, the authors report a positive piezoconductive effect in liquid metal-filled magnetorheological elastomers and illustrate proof-of concept applications.
Journal Article
Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry
As a revolutionary technology, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is attracting increasing interest in the fields of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), with outstanding advantages, such as highly automated, non-contact operation and efficient large-scale sampling capability. TLS has extended a new approach to capturing extremely comprehensive data of the construction environment, providing detailed information for further analysis. This paper presents a systematic review based on scientometric and qualitative analysis to summarize the progress and the current status of the topic and to point out promising research efforts. To begin with, a brief understanding of TLS is provided. Following the selection of relevant papers through a literature search, a scientometric analysis of papers is carried out. Then, major applications are categorized and presented, including (1) 3D model reconstruction, (2) object recognition, (3) deformation measurement, (4) quality assessment, and (5) progress tracking. For widespread adoption and effective use of TLS, essential problems impacting working effects in application are summarized as follows: workflow, data quality, scan planning, and data processing. Finally, future research directions are suggested, including: (1) cost control of hardware and software, (2) improvement of data processing capability, (3) automatic scan planning, (4) integration of digital technologies, (5) adoption of artificial intelligence.
Journal Article
Th1-related transcription factors and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disorder related to immunity dysfunction. The Th1 cell family including Th1 cells, transcription factor T-bet, and related cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-18, TGF-β, and IL-12 have been widely discussed in autoimmunity, such as SLE. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the expression profile of the Th1 cell family in both SLE patients and animal models and clarify how the family members are involved in lupus development. Interestingly, T-bet-related age-associated B cells (ABCs) and low-dose IL-2 treatment in lupus were emergently discussed as well. Collection of the evidence will better understand the roles of the Th1 cell family in lupus pathogenesis, especially targeting IL-2 in lupus.
Journal Article