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Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous pest worldwide with a wide host range that causes serious losses to many economically important crops. Recently, insect-microbe associations have become a hot spot in current entomology research, and the midgut microbiome of S. frugiperda has been investigated, while the effects of cruciferous vegetables remain unknown. In this study, the growth of S. frugiperda larvae fed on an artificial diet, Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea for 7 days was analyzed. Besides, the microbial community and functional prediction analyses of the larval midguts of S. frugiperda fed with different diets were performed by high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that B. oleracea inhibited the growth of S. frugiperda larvae. The larval midgut microbial community composition and structure were significantly affected by different diets. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested 20 bacterial genera and 2 fungal genera contributed to different gut microbial community structures. The functional classification of the midgut microbiome analyzed by PICRUSt and FUNGuild showed that the most COG function categories of midgut bacterial function were changed by B. oleracea , while the guilds of fungal function were altered by B. campestris significantly. These results showed that the diversity and structure of the S. frugiperda midgut microbial community were affected by cruciferous vegetable feeding. Our study provided a preliminary understanding of the role of midgut microbes in S. frugiperda larvae in response to cruciferous vegetables.

Previous studies found that both oral and topical administration of enzymatic digestion products < 3 K Da ultrafiltration fractions of Pinctada martensii mantle (PMPs) had pro-healing effects. Thus, we further purified them by Sephadex-G25 and screened them by cellular assays to obtain Pinctada martensii purified peptides (PMPPs). In this study, we explored the mechanism of PMPPs on wound healing by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments. LC-MS/MS results showed that PMPPs consisted of 33 peptides with molecular weights ranging from 758.43 to 2014.04 Da, and the characteristic peptide was Leu-Asp. The results of cellular assays showed that PMPPs promoted the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) (135%) and human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells (125%) very significantly at 12.5 μg/mL. The in vivo results showed that PMPPs could achieve scarless healing by inhibiting the inflammatory response, accelerating the epithelialization process, and regulating collagen I/III ratio. The optimal peptide sequence FAFQAEIAQLMS of PMPPs was screened for key protein receptors in wound healing (EGFR1, FGFR1, and MMP-1) with the help of molecular docking technique, which also showed to be the key pro-healing active peptide sequence. Therefore, it may provide a therapeutic strategy with great potential for wound healing.

Background The molecular history of animal evolution from single-celled ancestors remains a major question in biology, and little is known regarding the evolution of cell cycle regulation during animal emergence. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of CDK and cyclin proteins in metazoans and their unicellular relatives. Results Our analysis divided the CDK family into eight subfamilies. Seven subfamilies (CDK1/2/3, CDK5, CDK7, CDK 20, CDK8/19, CDK9, and CDK10/11) are conserved in metazoans and fungi, with the remaining subfamily, CDK4/6, found only in eumetazoans. With respect to cyclins, cyclin C, H, L, Y subfamilies, and cyclin K and T as a whole subfamily, are generally conserved in animal, fungi, and amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum . In contrast, cyclin subfamilies B, A, E, and D, which are cell cycle-related, have distinct evolutionary histories. The cyclin B subfamily is generally conserved in D. discoideum, fungi, and animals, whereas cyclin A and E subfamilies are both present in animals and their unicellular relatives such as choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and filasterean Capsaspora owczarzaki, but are absent in fungi and D. discoideum . Although absent in fungi and D. discoideum , cyclin D subfamily orthologs can be found in the early-emerging, non-opisthokont apusozoan Thecamonas trahens . Within opisthokonta, the cyclin D subfamily is conserved only in eumetazoans, and is absent in fungi, choanoflagellates, and the basal metazoan Amphimedon queenslandica. Conclusions Our data indicate that the CDK4/6 subfamily and eumetazoans emerged simultaneously, with the evolutionary conservation of the cyclin D subfamily also tightly linked with eumetazoan appearance. Establishment of the CDK4/6-cyclin D complex may have been the key step in the evolution of cell cycle control during eumetazoan emergence.

Background Previous studies have indicated that high temperatures are associated with excess mortality among individuals with mental disorders, but comprehensive evaluations of the association between high and low temperatures, extreme temperature events and mortality in patients with severe mental disorders are limited. Methods A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted using mortality data from 22,342 deaths among community-based patients with severe mental disorders in western China between 2006 and 2018 (11,235 during hot seasons and 11,107 during cold seasons). Individual-level exposure to high temperatures, heat waves, low temperatures, and cold spells was assessed, and the associations between these ambient temperatures and mortality were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results High temperatures during the hot seasons were associated with a 23.66% increased risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI, 15.17%–31.66%), with effects diminishing as the lag period increased. Low temperatures during the cold seasons showed a significant association with mortality at lag day 4, peaking at 15.25% (95% CI, 3.92%–25.72%) at lag day 6. Heat waves were associated with increased mortality risk, particularly with prolonged exposure and higher temperature thresholds. Cold spells did not show a similar pattern. Conclusions Both heat and cold related exposures are associated with higher mortality risk in community-based patients with severe mental disorders, but their temporal patterns differ—heat has an immediate effect, whereas cold acts with a delay. Our findings suggest that these patients should be prioritized in weather-related health policies, including heat–health and cold–weather warning systems, proactive follow-up by community mental health services, and tailored protection measures during forecasted extreme temperature events. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Background Despite the importance of medication adherence in treatment effectiveness, little is known about the association between medication non-adherence and self-inflicted violence behaviors. We aimed to assess whether medication non-adherence increased the risk of self-inflicted violence behaviors among schizophrenics in communities (hypothesis 1) and whether the dose–response relationship existed (hypothesis 2). Methods This 12-year cohort study in western China recruited 292,667 community-dwelling schizophrenics. The proportion of regular medication (PRM) was calculated by dividing the time of “regular adherence” by the total time of antipsychotic treatment during follow-up period as an indicator of medication adherence. For hypothesis 1, medication adherence was designated as a binary variable with a threshold of 0.8 (PRM); for hypothesis 2, medication adherence was specified as five-category and continuous variables, respectively. Inverse probability weighting and mixed effects Cox proportional hazards models were conducted for confounders control and survival analyses. Results One hundred eighty-five thousand eight hundred participants were eligible for the final analyses, with a mean age of 47.49 years (SD 14.55 years), of whom 53.6% were female. For hypothesis 1, the medication non-adherence group (PRM < 0.8) had a lower risk of suicide (HR, 0.527, 95% CI, 0.447–0.620), an increased risk of NSSI (HR, 1.229, 95% CI, 1.088–1.388), and non-significant risk of attempted suicide compared with adherence group (PRM ≥ 0.8). For hypothesis 2, the lowest medication adherence (PRM < 0.2) was associated with increased risks of suicide attempt (HR, 1.614, 95% CI, 1.412–1.845), NSSI (HR, 1.873, 95% CI, 1.649–2.126), and a decreased risk of suicide (HR, 0.593, 95% CI, 0.490–0.719). The other non-adherence groups had lower risks for all three self-inflicted violence behaviors. The associations between medication adherence in continuous-variable and three outcomes were consistent with the categorical medication adherence results. Conclusions Almost no medication taken as prescribed was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and NSSI. However, medication adherence did not appear to prevent completed suicide. Besides, patients with moderate adherence had a lower incidence of suicide attempt and NSSI. These findings highlight the need for a more detailed portrayal of medication adherence and the need to be vigilant for suicide intent in schizophrenics with good medication adherence who may be overlooked previously.

Background The great economic and social changes have resulted in the prevalence of mental disorder increasing year by year in China. Mental health medical service resources of China are significantly insufficient. The program of Transfer Training for psychiatrist was launched in China in October 2015. Thousands of physicians completed the transfer training and obtained certificates. To date, there is little evidence to identify the status and related factors of clinical competence among scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists in China. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the status and related factors of clinical competence among scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists of Sichuan Province, China. Patients and methods The sample was composed of 291 physicians who certificated the transfer training. Data were collected between September and November 2021, using self-made questionnaire with a total of 22 items to record demographic characteristics, practice status and workplace of participants. Descriptive statistics analysis, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The clinical competence of participants score was (8.02 ± 1.48). Significant differences were found in clinical competence scores among: the subgroups of practice category, reasons for attending in the transfer training for psychiatrists, whether transfer to/ add mental health practice registration, whether engage in mental / psychological work after training, whether the level of transfer training meeting participants’ job needs, whether the level of transfer training meeting their theoretical learning needs, whether the level of transfer training meeting their clinical practice needs, salary change compared with pre-training, whether join in continuing education after training, whether wanted to join in continuing education after training, whether the workplace before training has mental / psychological department, whether the workplace after training has mental / psychological department, institutional nature, institutional level and institutional affiliation. Multiple regression analysis identified that level of transfer training meeting participants’ job needs, level of transfer training meeting their clinical practice needs, Whether the workplace before training has mental / psychological department, whether wanted to join in continuing education after training, institutional nature were the contributors of clinical competence. Conclusion The study demonstrated that clinical competence of scope-of-practice transfer psychiatrists needed to be improved. Whether workplace has mental/psychological departments was an important factor of clinical competence. Besides, interest of physicians is another crucial factor for their clinical competence. The continuing education of those psychiatrists may be one effective measure considering their factual working conditions.

Natural products have become sources of developing new drugs for the treatment of cancer. To seek candidate compounds that inhibit the growth of liver cancer, components of Chloranthus serratus were tested. Here, we report that shizukaol D, a dimeric sesquiterpene from Chloranthus serratus, exerted a growth inhibition effect on liver cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We demonstrated that shizukaol D induced cells to undergo apoptosis. More importantly, shizukaol D attenuated Wnt signalling and reduced the expression of endogenous Wnt target genes, which resulted in decreased expression of β-catenin. Collectively, this study demonstrated that shizukaol D inhibited the growth of liver cancer cells by modulating Wnt pathway.

Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), belonging to the glyoxalase system, participates in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a byproduct of glycolysis. Glo1 is associated with the progression of many human malignancies. However, the role of Glo1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We have discovered that the expression of Glo1 is up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumorous tissues, and knockdown of Glo1 expression by RNA interference significantly inhibited the proliferation of human HCC cell lines. Glo1 knockdown resulted in the accumulation of its cytotoxic substrate, MG. Overall, thus Glo1 might be essential for HCC progression and can be designated as a potential therapeutic target for HCC in the future.

Background The management of severe mental disorder (SMD) patients in communities is an important initiative of healthcare reform in China. Yet the effects in terms of risk behavior of patients are unclear, particularly in rural areas. This study aims to examine high risk behaviors, changing trends, and possible associated factors among SMD patients in the rural areas of western China. Methods This analysis examined incidence rate (IR) of high risk behavior of 121,830 managed SMD patients in rural area of Sichuan province, based on data from the national system from 2006 to 2013. Register rate, high risk behavior IR, and time distribution and area distribution of high risk behavior were described. Two-level Poisson regression model was used to analyze associates of high risk behavior of patients, which include demographic characteristics at individual level, socio-economic condition and health system indicators at region level. Results It was revealed that 6804 (5.58%) of managed patients were involved in 17,220 high risk behavior events, which gave an overall IR of 0.0998 (per person year) on the basis of 172,564 person years of follow-up. The IR varied widely across municipalities, in the range of 0.0305–0.3397. The IR of high risk behavior in the cohort had increased since 2006, and peaked by 2011, at 0.2392. At the individual level, males aged 25 to 44, who were unmarried and in poverty, illiterate or semiliterate, had a family history of mental disorders and antipsychotic treatments, longer duration illnesses, were associated with an increased IR risk. At the regional level, higher psychiatric practitioner visits and the lower annual net income of rural residents per capita, were associated with an increased IR risk. Conclusions This is the first large prospective study that revealed the current situation of the register rate, high risk behavior incidence rate in SMD patients in rural area of western China, and examined associates and the differences of high risk behavior of patients among municipalities. The findings may provide evidences that lead to guide prevention and control for risk behavior in SMD patients in rural areas of China, as well as to improve mental health services for this population. It could provide some reference for other developing countries too.

Background The current study examined the change in local government staff’s emotional distress over 7 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and the influence of earthquake exposure and professional quality of life (ProQOL) on emotional distress. Methods This longitudinal study assessed 250 participants at 1 year after the earthquake; 162 (64.8%) were followed up at 7 years. Emotional distress was assessed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) at both time points. We assessed ProQOL, including compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, and earthquake exposure at 1 year. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to test longitudinal changes in emotional distress. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine the effect of earthquake exposure and ProQOL. Results The positive screening rate of emotional distress (SRQ ≥ 8) was 37.6 and 15.4% at one and 7 years, respectively. Emotional distress scores declined over time ( p  < 0.001). Earthquake exposure and ProQOL predicted one-year ( p s < 0.05) but not seven-year emotional distress, whereas burnout predicted both one-year ( p  = 0.018) and seven-year ( p  = 0.047) emotional distress. Conclusions Although emotional distress can recover over time, it persists even 7 years later. Actions to reduce burnout during the early stage of post-disaster rescue have long-term benefits to staff’s psychological outcomes.