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Chiral hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic and spintronic applications, leveraging unique properties such as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), circularly polarized nonlinear optical (NLO) emission, and chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS). However, challenges remain in stabilizing these materials under environmental stresses and precisely controlling chirality for scalable use. This review summarizes five main strategies to induce chirality in HOIPs, i.e., direct incorporation of chiral cations, surface modification with chiral ligands, ion doping, template‐induced chirality, and chiral metasurfaces. Each approach offers distinct advantages for optimizing CPL efficiency and device stability, paving the way for next‐generation applications in CPL detectors, information encryption, spintronic devices, etc. This review highlights the progress and challenges of chiral hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites in five technical routes. It outlines strategies for enhancing chiral activity through chiral cation incorporation, ligand‐induced, ion doping, chiral templating, and chiral metasurfaces, which provides guidance for advancing high‐performance chiral optoelectronic devices with improved stability, optical activity, and spin selectivity.

Energy harvesting has become a popular topic in recent years. A number of studies have been conducted in the field of vibration energy harvesting system (VEHS). However, few studies have concentrated on viscoelastic energy harvesters driven by bounded noise excitation. In this paper, the stochastic response of a viscoelastic energy harvester subjected to bounded noise is discussed. Approximate solutions of the system were derived by utilizing the method of multiple scales, and the expressions of the mean square voltage (MSV) and mean output power (MOP) were obtained. The relation between the detuning frequency and first-order steady moment was first revealed. The effectiveness of the approach was verified by a good agreement between theoretical results and numerical results. Furthermore, the variations in the detuning frequency can result in the stochastic jump phenomenon, and stochastic bifurcation is induced with the changes in the viscoelastic parameter and detuning frequency. Finally, the impacts of system parameters on the MSV and the MOP were also analyzed.

Further improvement of the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is necessary for commercialization. Here, ferrocene derivative dibenzoylferrocene (DBzFe) is used as an additive to enhance the performance and stability of MA‐ and Br‐ free PSCs. The results show that the introduction of DBzFe not only passivates the defects in the film but also inhibits the ion migration in the film. The final device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.53%, which is one of the highest efficiencies currently based on self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Moreover, it maintains more than 96.4% of the original efficiency when running continuously for 400 h at the maximum power point. Using a new ferrocene derivative (DBzFe) as an additive, the defect of the film is significantly reduced due to the chemical interaction between DBzFe and perovskite. Meanwhile, the introduction of additives further hinders ion migration in the film and releases harmful stress in the film. Ultimately, the photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of the device are significantly improved.

Microinjury can trigger in situ tissue repair. Bone transport consists of continuous microinjuries/microfracture and induces bone formation and angiogenesis. Tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) was found to promote angiogenesis at the foot and the healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We divided 72 Sprague-Dawley rats with DFUs into the control, sham, and TTT groups. Wound measurement and histology were performed to evaluate the wound healing processes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western Blot were used to assess angiogenesis and the activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. We found accelerated wound healing, improved epidermal continuity, and increased dermal thickness in the TTT group than the control and the sham groups. Higher levels of serum TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF were detected in the TTT group. These changes were in parallel with the expression of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF in the foot wounds and the frequency of EPCs in both bone marrow and peripheral circulation, which implied that the secreted TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF promote proliferation and migration of EPCs to the foot wounds. The expression of CD31 cells, SMA-α cells, and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway was higher in the TTT group than in the control and sham groups. The findings showed that TTT enhanced the production of growth factors that in turn activated EPC proliferation and migration through the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, ultimately contributing to angiogenesis and DFU healing. Based on these findings, we proposed a theory that remote continuous microinjuries can trigger the repair of target tissues (ie, microinjury-induced remote repair, MIRR). Future studies are needed to validate this theory.

CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) are of great interest in new-generation photovoltaics (PVs) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The long and insulative ligands protect their phase stability and enable superior photoluminescence quantum yield, however, limiting charge transportation and extraction in PV devices. In this work, we use a fullerene derivative with the carboxylic anchor group ([SAM]C60) as the semiconductor ligand and build the type II heterojunction system of CsPbI3 QDs and [SAM]C60 molecules. We find their combination enables obvious exciton dislocation and highly efficient photogenerated charge extraction. After the introduction of [SAM]C60, the exciton-binding energy of CsPbI3 decreases from 30 meV to 7 meV and the fluorescence emission mechanism also exhibits obvious changes. Transient absorption spectroscopy visualizes a ~5 ps electron extraction rate in this system. The findings gained here may guide the development of perovskite QD devices.

Affected by global warming and increased extreme weather, Hunan Province saw a phased and concentrated outbreak of forest fires in 2022, causing significant damage and impact. Predicting the occurrence of forest fires can enhance the ability to make early predictions and strengthen early warning and responses. Currently, fire prevention and extinguishing in China’s forests and grasslands face severe challenges due to the overlapping of natural and social factors. Existing forest fire occurrence prediction models mostly take into account vegetation, topographic, meteorological and human activity factors; however, the occurrence of forest fires is closely related to the forest fuel moisture content. In this study, the traditional driving factors of forest fire such as satellite hotspots, vegetation, meteorology, topography and human activities from 2004 to 2021 were introduced along with forest fuel factors (vegetation canopy water content and evapotranspiration from the top of the vegetation canopy), and a database of factors for predicting forest fire occurrence was constructed. And a forest fire occurrence prediction model was built using machine learning methods such as the Random Forest model (RF), the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree model (GBDT) and the Adaptive Augmentation Model (AdaBoost). The accuracy of the models was verified using Area Under Curve (AUC) and four other metrics. The RF model with an AUC value of 0.981 was more accurate than all other models in predicting the probability of forest fire occurrence, followed by the GBDT (AUC = 0.978) and AdaBoost (AUC = 0.891) models. The RF model, which has the best accuracy, was selected to predict the monthly forest fire probability in Changsha in 2022 and combined with the Inverse Distance Weight Interpolation method to plot the monthly forest fire probability in Changsha. We found that the monthly spatial and temporal distribution of forest fire probability in Changsha varied significantly, with March, April, May, September, October, November and December being the months with higher forest fire probability. The highest probability of forest fires occurred in the central and northern regions. In this study, the core drivers affecting the occurrence of forest fires in Changsha City were found to be vegetation canopy evapotranspiration and vegetation canopy water content. The RF model was identified as a more suitable forest fire occurrence probability prediction model for Changsha City. Meanwhile, this study found that vegetation characteristics and combustible factors have more influence on forest fire occurrence in Changsha City than meteorological factors, and surface temperature has less influence on forest fire occurrence in Changsha City.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of febuxostat following the administration of single and multiple oral doses under fasting conditions to healthy individuals. Thirty-six healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups, each containing 12 subjects (six male and six female) as follows: Group A, treated with a single oral dose of febuxostat (40 mg); group B, treated with a single oral dose of febuxostat (80 mg) followed by multiple oral doses of febuxostat for 7 days; and group C, treated with a single oral dose of febuxostat (120 mg). Blood samples were collected, and the plasma drug levels and serum uric acid (UA) concentrations were determined by clinical laboratory testing. Febuxostat displayed a linear pharmacokinetic profile for oral doses of 40 to 120 mg. Drug accumulation was not detected following multiple oral doses. When febuxostat was administered as single doses of 40, 80 and 120 mg, the 24-h UA concentration (UA24) values displayed a linear correlation with the dosage. The relationship between UA24 and the three single dose levels (40, 80 and 120 mg) was analyzed. The difference in UA24 between every single dose was significant (P<0.05). After 3 and 7 days of dosing, reductions of 46.67 and 52.69%, respectively, were observed in UA24. On day 7 of dosing, the mean reduction in the UA concentration was 51.83±7.00%. This study demonstrates that febuxostat reduces serum UA concentrations in a dose-linear manner.

Urbanization has significantly changed thermal environments and vegetation phenology. However, the effects of spatially different land surface temperatures (LST) on vegetation phenology, rather than differences between urban areas and rural areas, remain unclear. In this study, four cities with similar vegetation types located in temperate monsoon climate zones were selected to map vegetation phenological metrics and discuss their responses to spatially heterogeneous LST within urban areas. First, Sentinel 2-A and 2-B data were used to estimate phenological metrics by combining Savitzky–Golay filtering, and Landsat 8 TIRS data was used to obtain LST. Second, buffer zones (from the urban center to the urban edge at 1 km intervals) were used to extract the averaged phenological metrics and LST. The response of the phenological metrics to LST from the urban center to the urban edge was then analyzed. Results show that spatial differences in LST and vegetation phenology exist inside urban regions as well as between urban and peri-urban areas. In addition, the response of phenology to LST within urban areas is also obvious. SOS is negatively related to spring LST from the urban center to the urban edge, whereas EOS is positively related to autumn LST.

All‐perovskite tandem solar cells are regarded as the next generation of devices capable of enhancing the solar energy utilization rate. Unlike single‐junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the efficacy of tandem cells is contingent upon the performance of both the top and bottom cells. In this study, we employed a simultaneous co‐modification strategy to incorporate phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) at both the top and bottom interfaces of the perovskite film, aiming to boost the top cell's performance. Both experimental and theoretical findings indicate that PEAI not only elevates the perovskite film quality through chemical interactions but also mitigates nonradiative recombination within the device. Consequently, the efficiency of the wide‐bandgap (1.77 eV) PSCs based on nickel oxide (NiOx) attained a level of 16.5%. Simultaneously, the all‐perovskite tandem solar cells achieved an efficiency of 26.81% and demonstrated superior stability. Phenylethylammonium iodide was used to collaboratively passivate the upper and lower interfaces of the perovskite film. Quantitative calculations revealed the reasons for the improvement in power conversion efficiency. Density functional theory calculations were also used to prove the underlying reasons for this improvement.

This paper aims to investigate the strongly nonlinear vibro-impact dynamic system with fractional derivative damping under Gaussian white noise excitation, and this system considers both nonlinear factors and non-smooth factors. With the help of non-smooth transformation, the original system is rewritten as a smooth system, which is an easier handled form. For the altered function, we obtain the approximate stationary solutions analytically by generalized stochastic averaging method. To prove the validity of the approximate analytical methods, an efficient scheme with high accuracy is adopt to simulate the fractional derivative, then the fourth-order Runge–Kutta approach is used to obtain the numerically response statistics. Meanwhile the analytical solutions are verified by the numerical simulation solutions. At last, we research the responses of this system. In this context, we can consider the influences to this system caused by the fractional order, the restitution coefficient and the noise intensity through changing the values of corresponding parameters. The observation and investigation state that fractional derivative term, impact conditions and stochastic excitation can influence the responses of the fractional vibro-impact dynamic system.