Explore the vast range of titles available.

is widely sought-after in China as a substitute for the more expensive ginseng. Continuous cropping of supports a vibrant health-supplement industry but requires significant inputs of fertilizers which increase production costs and degrade the environment. Here, three environmentally-friendly natural fertilizers, including biochar, bacterial fertilizer, and vermicompost, were used at different concentrations (undiluted, diluted 10 times, diluted 50 times) to determine their efficacy in seed germination and growth physiology of in continuous cropping. The results showed that biochar, bacterial fertilizer, and vermicompost with different concentrations of leachate could all increase the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of seeds treated with inter-root soil leachate of continuous ; increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) in seedlings under the stress of inter-root soil leachate of continuous , reduce the over-accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and increase the resistance of seedlings. After transplanting, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by an average of 16.1%. Peroxidase (POD) levels showed an average increase of 16.4%. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the MDA content, with an average decrease of 50%, and the content of osmotic-regulating substances (free proline content and soluble protein content) exhibited a significant increase. In conclusion, biochar, bacterial manure, and vermicompost have the potential to overcome the challenges of extensive fertilizer use in continuous cropping of .

This paper investigates the leader–follower formation tracking control of underactuated surface vessels (USVs) with input saturation. Each vessel is subject to the uncertainties induced by model uncertainties and environmental disturbances. First, an event-triggered extended-state observer (ETESO) is used to recover the velocity, yaw rate and uncertainties. Then, an estimator is used to estimate the velocity of the leader. An event-triggered controller (ETC) is constructed based on the estimator, the observer and extra variables. Specifically, extra variables are used to solve the problems of underactuation and input saturation. Stability analysis of the control system is conducted to prove that all signals are bounded. Simulations demonstrate that the ETESO can accurately estimate the uncertainties, velocity and yaw rate, and the ETC can largely reduce the action times of actuator.

SF6 is a strong greenhouse effect gas, which is widely used in high-voltage electrical equipment such as circuit breakers and high-voltage switchgear because of its excellent insulation performance and arc extinguishing ability. In recent years, the use and emission of SF6 have been rising, and with the proposal of the dual carbon strategic goal, its harmless degradation has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, SF6 was degraded by pulsed DBD plasma technology and O2. Studies have shown that the addition of O2 can effectively promote the degradation of SF6. With the increase in the added O2 content, the DRE and EY of SF6 first increased and then decreased. Under the conditions of the input power of 50 W, SF6 concentration of 2%, and gas flow rate of 50 mL/min, the reaction system obtained the highest DRE and EY of 58.40% and 5.24 g/kWh when the O2 content was 1%, respectively. In the SF6/Ar/O2/H2O system, the addition of H2O could improve the product selectivity of SO2F2, and when the O2 concentration was 1%, the highest selectivity of SO2F2 was 48.96%, and the concentration was 8006.76 ppm. The addition of O2 inhibited the production of SO2, and with the addition of the O2 system, SO2F2 and SOF4 were the main components of degradation products; however, there were also SOF2, SO2, SiF4, SF4, etc. In this paper, the decomposition path of O2 under SF6 was analyzed in detail according to infrared spectroscopy and decomposition products.

Background HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), also known as Pestivirus brazilense , is a new species of the genus Pestivirus that can cause a variety of clinical signs in cattle and small ruminants. Sheep has been shown to be susceptible to HoBiPeV in China. However, the epidemiology of HoBiPeV in sheep has been limited documented. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and genetic variability of HoBiPeV in sheep in central China. Results From 2020 to 2024, a total of 596 blood samples, 56 lung samples, and 56 intestine samples were collected from sheep. To investigate the occurrence and genetic variability of HoBiPeV in sheep, these samples were analyzed by serology, PCR, virus isolation and genome sequencing, identification, and analysis. 17 blood samples, four lung samples, and five intestine samples were positive for pestiviruses, including six that were positive for BVDV-1 and 20 that were positive for HoBiPeV. Then six HoBiPeV strains were isolated and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships showed that three strains belonged to HoBiPeV clade a and three to HoBiPeV clade c. Bayesian molecular clock analysis indicated that HoBiPeV most likely originated in Brazil, with a tMRCA of 1979 CE (95% credibility interval, 1956–1992 CE), the rate of evolution of HoBiPeVs was estimated to be 2.59 × 10 − 3 (95% HPD 1.40 × 10 − 3 -3.64 × 10 − 3 ) for the genome. Selection pressure analysis showed modest selection pressure, and six HoBiPeV migration routes were observed. In addition, 39% (198/503) of serum samples from sheep were positive for antibodies against bovine pestiviruses (BVDV-1, BVDV-2 or HoBiPeV) by VN test. Conclusions This work enhances our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic heterogeneity among HoBiPeV strains in China, highlighting that sheep, as an alternative host, play a role in the evolution of the virus, and at least two clades of HoBiPeV have been endemic in China. Greater prevention and control measures should be implemented against HoBiPeV infection.

Dam health monitoring is an important method for quantitative evaluation of dam safety. After long-term operation, there have missing data in dam monitoring data series inevitably due to the sensor damage or monitoring system failure problem which seriously affects the correctness of dam safety evaluation. The imputation accuracy of missing value is affected by data decomposition, reconstruction, and prediction methods. Therefore, in view of the high-precision imputation model of missing data in dam health monitoring, this paper proposes a data-driven fusion imputation model based on novel mode decomposition and deep learning method. First, the fusion imputation model is constructed based on extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD), permutation entropy (PE), and bidirectional gate recurrent unit neural network (BiGRU). The ESMD-PE data preprocessing module can decompose the original data into a series of stable subsequences which can be input into the advanced deep learning BiGRU model to improve the interpolation accuracy. Then, the types of dam missing data and interpolation steps are studied. The engineering example illustrates that the root mean square error of the proposed model is decreased by 55.32% on average compared with four classical imputation models. The ESMD-PE–BiGRU fusion model can effectively simulate the inherent law of dam monitoring data and predict the missing data, which provides complete monitoring data for dam safety analysis.

Highly active and earth-abundant catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play vital roles in developing efficient water splitting to produce hydrogen fuels. Here, we reported an effective strategy to fabricate a completely new nitrogen-doped MoS2/COF-C4N vertical heterojunction (N-MoS2/COF-C4N) as precious-metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts for both HER and OER. Compared with MoS2 and COF-C4N, the obtained vertical N-MoS2/COF-C4N catalyst showed enhanced HER with a low overpotential of 106 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is six times lower than MoS2. The superior acidic HER activity, molecular mechanism, and charge transfer characteristic of this vertical N-MoS2/COF-C4N were investigated experimentally and theoretically in detail. Its basic OER activity is almost equal to that of COF-C4N with an overpotential of 349 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which showed that the in-situ growing method maintains the exposure of the C active sites to the greatest extent. The preparation and investigation for vertical N-MoS2/COF-C4N provide ideas and a research basis for us to further explore promising overall water-splitting electrocatalysts.

Obesity is a well‐established risk factor for numerous types of cancer, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. This research explores the causal relationships between obesity, circulating metabolites, and the risk of SCLC, aiming to identify potential metabolic intermediaries. To achieve this, a two‐step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was employed to examine metabolites mediating the effect of obesity on the risk of SCLC. In Step 1, MR identified metabolites causally associated with SCLC, confirmed with an independent SCLC genome‐wide association study (GWAS) as the outcome. In Step 2, whole‐body fat mass was examined as the exposure to assess its causal effects on the metabolites identified in Step 1, with further validation using body mass index (BMI) as an alternative exposure. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robust causal inference. The product of coefficients approach for testing mediation quantified the role of specific metabolites in linking obesity to the risk of SCLC. In the initial screening, 1400 circulating metabolites were tested for their association between obesity and the risk of SCLC, and 55 metabolites with significant causal associations were identified. Subsequent MR analyses showed that whole‐body fat mass had an effect on 12 of these metabolites, and maleate levels were associated with both obesity and increased SCLC risk. Validation using BMI as an alternative exposure confirmed the causal association between obesity and maleate levels. Further validation using independent GWAS datasets for SCLC confirmed the causal association between maleate levels and the risk of SCLC. Mediation analysis revealed that maleate partially mediated the relationship between obesity and the risk of SCLC, accounting for 14.9% of the effect when using whole‐body fat mass as the exposure and 5.23% when using BMI as the exposure. This study highlights maleate as a key metabolic mediator in the obesity–SCLC pathway, which may offer novel insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the increased risk of obesity‐related cancer. A Two‐Step Mendelian randomization (TSMR) framework identified maleate as a circulating metabolite that mediates the causal pathway from obesity to the risk of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Whole‐body fat mass and Body Mass Index (BMI) showed causal effects on circulating maleate levels, which in turn were associated with increased SCLC risk. Mediation analysis revealed that maleate partially explained the effect of obesity on the risk of SCLC, highlighting a potential metabolic target for intervention.

A novel “wheel-and-axle” architecture ( c -P6) m /(FeBz) n , with ( c -P6) denoting the wheel formed by six porphyrin-based segments and (FeBz) n the axle formed by the 1D iron benzene multidecker complex, is designed, and its electronic structure, transport property, and linear photoresponse are investigated. ( c -P6) m /(FeBz) n shows a spin-polarized transport property. The spin filter efficiency of ( c -P6) m /(FeBz) n can be > 90%, suggesting it is a very good candidate for spin filters. Furthermore, a distinct NDR feature is observed for ( c -P6) m /(FeBz) n so it is can be used for making electronic switches and oscillators. Under linear light, both the wheel and axle of ( c -P6) m /(FeBz) n exhibit a distinct polarized photoresponse character. The magnitude of the photoresponse can be tuned by the photon energy or by the l bias voltage. An off–on–off switch is observed within the considered photon energy range, showing potential application for optical switches. All these fascinating properties of ( c -P6) m /(FeBz) n make the new 1D material especially attractive for electronic and optoelectronic devices.

We have theoretically investigated two series of cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes, a series [Pt (C, N, N) Cl] and b series [Pt (C, N, N pyrazolyl ) Cl]. The geometrical and electronic structures are calculated at the ECP60MWB//6-31G*(H, C, Cl, N, S) basis set level using DFT method; one-photon absorption (OPA) properties are calculated by using both TDDFT and ZINDO methods and two-photon absorption (TPA) properties are obtained with the ZINDO/SOS method. The resonance integrals parameters ( β sp and β d ) for Pt are adjusted to −1 and −28.5 eV, respectively, to make max OPA wavelength calculated by ZINDO closest to the experimental data and TDDFT results. The calculated results indicate the molecule 2b ([Pt (C naphthyl , N, N pyrazolyl ) Cl]) has the biggest potential as outstanding TPA materials because (i) the TPA properties of b series are more outstanding in IR wavelength range, the molecules in b series have good transparencies and possess 1-pyrazolyl-NH that is also available for another metal coordination (e.g., dimerization) and chemical interactions; (ii) when C is C naphthyl in the C, N, N ligand of cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes, the molecules have the best conjugation effect and the best TPA properties.

We have theoretically investigated two series of cyclometalated Pt（II） complexes, a series [Pt （C, N, N） Cl] and b series [Pt （C, N, Npyrazolyl） Cl]. The geometrical and electronic structures are calculated at the ECP60MWB//6-31G＊（H, C, Cl, N, S） basis set level using DFT method; one-photon absorption （OPA） properties are calculated by using both TDDFT and ZINDO methods and two-photon absorption （TPA） properties are obtained with the ZINDO/SOS method. The resonance integrals parameters （βsp and βd） for Pt are adjusted to -1 and -28.5 eV, respectively, to make max OPA wavelength calculated by ZINDO closest to the experimental data and TDDFT results. The calculated results indicate the molecule 2b （[Pt （Cnaphthyl, N, Npyrazolyl） Cl]） has the biggest potential as outstanding TPA materials because （i） the TPA properties of b series are more outstanding in IR wavelength range, the molecules in b series have good transparencies and possess 1-pyrazolyl-NH that is also available for another metal coordination （e.g., dimerization） and chemical interactions; （ii） when C is CnaphthyI in the C, N, N ligand of cyclometalated Pt（II） complexes, the molecules have the best conjugation effect and the best TPA properties.