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The nitrate (NO 3 − ) electroreduction into ammonia (NH 3 ) represents a promising approach for sustainable NH 3 synthesis. However, the variation of adsorption configurations renders great difficulties in the simultaneous optimization of binding energy for the intermediates. Though the extensively reported Cu-based electrocatalysts benefit NO 3 − adsorption, one of the key issues lies in the accumulation of nitrite (NO 2 − ) due to its weak adsorption, resulting in the rapid deactivation of catalysts and sluggish kinetics of subsequent hydrogenation steps. Here we report a tandem electrocatalyst by combining Cu single atoms catalysts with adjacent Co 3 O 4 nanosheets to boost the electroreduction of NO 3 − to NH 3 . The obtained tandem catalyst exhibits a yield rate for NH 3 of 114.0 mg NH 3 h −1 cm −2 , which exceeds the previous values for the reported Cu-based catalysts. Mechanism investigations unveil that the combination of Co 3 O 4 regulates the adsorption configuration of NO 2 − and strengthens the binding with NO 2 − , thus accelerating the electroreduction of NO 3 − to NH 3 . An optimal catalyst for nitrate electroreduction should satisfy the simultaneously optimized adsorption of intermediates. Here, the authors report a tandem electrocatalyst by combining Cu single atoms with Co 3 O 4 nanosheets, enhancing the binding with NO 2 − , thus promoting nitrate electroreduction to NH 3 .

According to the WHO, the number of mental disorder patients, especially depression patients, has overgrown and become a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. With the rising of tools such as artificial intelligence, using physiological data to explore new possible physiological indicators of mental disorder and creating new applications for mental disorder diagnosis has become a new research hot topic. We present a multi-modal open dataset for mental-disorder analysis. The dataset includes EEG and recordings of spoken language data from clinically depressed patients and matching normal controls, who were carefully diagnosed and selected by professional psychiatrists in hospitals. The EEG dataset includes data collected using a traditional 128-electrodes mounted elastic cap and a wearable 3-electrode EEG collector for pervasive computing applications. The 128-electrodes EEG signals of 53 participants were recorded as both in resting state and while doing the Dot probe tasks; the 3-electrode EEG signals of 55 participants were recorded in resting-state; the audio data of 52 participants were recorded during interviewing, reading, and picture description. Measurement(s) Human Brainwave • spoken language Technology Type(s) EEG collector • audio recorder Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo Sapiens Sample Characteristic - Location China

The removal of acetylene impurities remains important yet challenging to the ethylene downstream industry. Current thermocatalytic semihydrogenation processes require high temperature and excess hydrogen to guarantee complete acetylene conversion. For this reason, renewable electricity-based electrocatalytic semihydrogenation of acetylene over Cu-based catalysts is an attractive route compared to the energy-intensive thermocatalytic processes. However, active Cu electrocatalysts still face competition from side reactions and often require high overpotentials. Here, we present an undercoordinated Cu nanodots catalyst with an onset potential of −0.15 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode that can exclusively convert C 2 H 2 to C 2 H 4 with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of ~95.9% and high intrinsic activity in excess of −450 mA cm −2 under pure C 2 H 2 flow. Subsequently, we successfully demonstrate simulated crude ethylene purification, continuously producing polymer-grade C 2 H 4 with <1 ppm C 2 H 2 for 130 h at a space velocity of 1.35 × 10 5  ml g cat −1 h −1 . Theoretical calculations and in situ spectroscopies reveal a lower energy barrier for acetylene semihydrogenation over undercoordinated Cu sites than nondefective Cu surface, resulting in the excellent C 2 H 2 -to-C 2 H 4 catalytic activity of Cu nanodots. Cu-based catalysts for the conversion of C 2 H 2 to C 2 H 4 are plagued by side reactions. Here, Cu nanodots for C 2 H 2 semihydrogenation are reported to reach current densities >400 mA cm −2 and selectively produce polymer-grade ethylene over 130 h.

In this work, an efficient cage-core peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyst was synthesized by applying an electrospinning–calcination process to the cobalt–zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-67) crystals for the catalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The morphology and surface properties of the synthesized materials (ZIF-67, Z600 and ZP400/600/800) were well characterized. ZP600 showed great performance for the catalytic degradation of DMP in the initial pH range of 7.5–10.5. The removal rate of DMP could reach 90.4% in 60 min under optimum dosages of reagents (catalyst = 0.1 g/L, PMS = 0.5 mM, DMP = 6 ppm), and the mineralization degree of contaminant could reach 65%. By quenching experiments, it was determined that sulfate radical (SO4−·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) dominated the degradation process. Moreover, due to the good magnetism, ZP600 could be easily separated from liquid and showed great reusability in five-cycle reaction experiments. Surprisingly, with the cover of cage-like polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, the cobalt leaching amount of ZP600 decreased by about 87%. This study would expand the application of the electrospinning process in the development of functional materials for water purification.

Chunk decomposition, which requires the mental representation transformation in accordance with behavioral goals, is of vital importance to problem solving and creative thinking. Previous studies have identified that the frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex in the cognitive control network selectively activated in response to chunk tightness, however, functional localization strategy may overlook the interaction brain regions. Based on the notion of a global brain network, we proposed that multiple specialized regions have to be interconnected to maintain goal representation during the course of chunk decomposition. Therefore, the present study applied a beta-series correlation method to investigate interregional functional connectivity in the event-related design of chunk decomposition tasks using Chinese characters, which would highlight critical nodes irrespective to chunk tightness. The results reveal a network of functional hubs with highly within or between module connections, including the orbitofrontal cortex, superior/inferior parietal lobule, hippocampus, and thalamus. We speculate that the thalamus integrates information across modular as an integrative hub while the orbitofrontal cortex tracks the mental states of chunk decomposition on a moment-to-moment basis. The superior and inferior parietal lobule collaborate to manipulate the mental representation of chunk decomposition and the hippocampus associates the relationship between elements in the question and solution phase. Furthermore, the tightness of chunks is not only associated with different processors in visual systems but also leads to increased intermodular connections in right superior frontal gyrus and left precentral gyrus. To summary up, the present study first reveals the task-modulated brain network of chunk decomposition in addition to the tightness-related nodes in the frontal and occipital cortex.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TMEM44-AS1 is a novel lncRNA whose pro-carcinogenic role in gastric cancer and glioma has been demonstrated. However, its function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. In this study, we identified that TMEM44-AS1 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells. Functionally, TMEM44-AS1 promoted ESCC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. TMEM44-AS1 inhibited ferroptosis in ESCC cells, and ferroptosis levels were significantly increased after knockdown of TMEM44-AS1. Mechanistically, TMEM44-AS1 was positively correlated with GPX4 expression, and TMEM44-AS1 could bind to the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 to enhance the stability of GPX4 mRNA, thereby affecting ferroptosis and regulating the malignant progression of ESCC. In summary, this study reveals the TMEM44-AS1-IGF2BP2-GPX4 axis could influence cancer progression in ESCC. TMEM44-AS1 can be used as a potential treatment target against ESCC.

Objective Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel assay to detect pneumocystis jjrovecii ( Pj ) which has been defined to be more sensitive than qPCR in recent studies. We aimed to explore whether clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) were associated with ddPCR copy numbers of Pj . Methods A total of 48 PCP patients were retrospectively included. Pj detection was implemented by ddPCR assay within 4 h. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) samples were collected from 48 patients with molecular diagnosis as PCP via metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) or quantitative PCR detection. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to screen out possible indicators for the severity of PCP. The patients were divided into two groups according to ddPCR copy numbers, and their clinical features were further analyzed. Results Pj loading was a pro rata increase with serum (1,3)-beta-D glucan, D-dimmer, neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin and BALF polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage, while negative correlation with albumin, PaO2/FiO2, BALF cell count, and BALF lymphocyte percentage. D-dimmer and ddPCR copy number of Pj were independent indicators for moderate/severe PCP patients with PaO2/FiO2 lower than 300. We made a ROC analysis of ddPCR copy number of Pj for PaO2/FiO2 index and grouped the patients according to the cut-off value (2.75). The high copy numbers group was characterized by higher level of inflammatory markers. Compared to low copy number group, there was lower level of the total cell count while higher level of polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage in BALF in the high copy numbers group. Different from patients with high copy numbers, those with high copy numbers had a tendency to develop more severe complications and required advanced respiratory support. Conclusion The scenarios of patients infected with high ddPCR copy numbers of Pj showed more adverse clinical conditions. Pj loading could reflect the severity of PCP to some extent. Strengths and Limitations This is the first study to investigate the relationship between ddPCR copy number and the clinical characteristics of patients with PCP. Droplet digital PCR was a more sensitve and accurate method than qPCR for detection of pathogens. This was a retrospective study and we did not include more samples for it.

Ferroptosis is an emerging form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death which is different from cell death mechanisms such as autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis. It is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly studied evolutionarily conserved type of non-coding RNA with a covalent closed-loop structure. It exhibits universality, conservatism, stability and particularity. At present, the functions that have been studied and found include microRNA sponge, protein scaffold, transcription regulation, translation and production of peptides, etc. CircRNA can be used as a biomarker of tumors and is a hotspot in RNA biology research. Studies have shown that ferroptosis can participate in tumor regulation through the circRNA molecular pathway and then affect cancer progression, which may become a direction of cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future. This paper reviews the molecular biological mechanism of ferroptosis and the role of circular RNA in tumors and summarizes the circRNA related to ferroptosis in tumors, which may inspire research prospects for the precise prevention and treatment of cancer in the future.

It is of great theoretical and engineering significance to carry out field rainfall tests and research on double-layer soil slopes in loess areas. Based on the developed rainfall simulation system with slow-moving injection, field rainfall tests were carried out on a natural double-layer loess slope. The characteristics of volumetric water content were monitored, and the rainfall infiltration characteristics and infiltration effect at the interface of the soil layer were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed the fastest infiltration at the top platform of the slope, followed by that at the upper surface of the slope, and the slowest infiltration at the lower surface of the slope during rainfall. Under various rainfall intensities, the erosion of the upper silty loess slope was greater than that of the lower clay loess slope, and the erosion patterns were quite different at the end of rainfall. During the infiltration process in the double-layer loess slope, a stagnant transition area was formed near the interface of the soil layer. The equipotential line of water content in the stagnant transition area of the upper region was roughly parallel to the slope surface, and the equipotential line in the lower region was roughly parallel to the interface of the soil layer. With an increase in rainfall intensity, the upper transition area at the interface of the soil layer continued to extend from the slope surface inward, showing the interface infiltration effect that became increasingly significant with the intensification of rainfall. The infiltration effect at the soil layer interface could provide an evaluation basis for rainfall infiltration analyses of multi-layer soil slopes.

Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified to play fatal role in regulating the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Although lncRNAs play important role in regulating the autophagy of tumor cells, the function and molecular mechanism of LINC01559 in regulating lung cancer development remain to be elucidated. Method and materials In this study, we used bioinformatics to screen out autophagy-related lncRNAs from TCGA-LUAD repository. Then the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to establish the signature of autophagy-related lncRNAs so that clinical characteristics and survival in LUAD patients be evaluated. Finally, we selected the most significant differences lncRNA, LINC01559, to verify its function in regulating LUAD progression in vitro. Results We found high expression of LINC01559 indicates lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Besides, LINC01559 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, by enhancing autophagy signal pathway via sponging hsa-miR-1343-3p. Conclusion We revealed a novel prognostic model based on autophagy-related lncRNAs, and provide a new therapeutic target and for patients with lung adenocarcinoma named LINC01559.