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In recent years, the environmental problems caused by excessive carbon emissions from energy sources have become increasingly serious, which not only aggravates the climate change caused by the greenhouse effect but also seriously restricts the sustainable development of Chinese economy. An attempt is made in this paper to use energy consumption method and input-output method to study the carbon emission structure of China's energy system and industry in 2015 from two perspectives, namely China's energy supply side and energy demand side, by taking into account the two factors of energy invest in gross capital formation and export. The results show that neglecting these two factors will lead to underestimation of intermediate use carbon emissions and overestimation of final use carbon emissions. On energy supply side, the carbon emission structure of China's energy system is still dominated by high-carbon energy (raw coal, coke, diesel, and fuel oil, etc.), accounting for more than 70% of total energy carbon emissions; on the contrary, the natural gas such as clean energy accounts for only 3.45% of total energy carbon emissions, indicating that the energy consumption structure optimization and emission reduction gap of China's energy supply side are still substantial. On energy demand side, the final use (direct consumption by residents and government) produces less carbon emissions, while the intermediate use (production by enterprises) produces more than 90% of the total energy carbon emissions. Fossil energy, power sector, heavy industry, chemical industry, and transportation belong to industries with larger carbon emissions and lower carbon emission efficiency, while agriculture, construction, light industry, and service belong to industries with fewer carbon emissions and higher carbon emission efficiency. This means that the optimization of industrial structure is conducive to slowing down the growth of energy carbon emissions on the demand side.

Prior research tends to propose and examine the negative relationship between market segmentation and energy efficiency. Does market segmentation necessarily impair energy efficiency? Considering the critical role that Chinaese government play in managing erergy efficiency, we propose a non-linear relationship between market segmentation and energy efficiency. Using data of 30 provinces in Mainland China during 2000 to 2017, we find an inverse U-shaped relationship between market segmentation and energy efficiency. Our findings remain robust after controlling endogeneity issues. Therefore, a moderate level of market segmentation is acceptable and beneficial for long-term improvement of energy efficiency in emerging economies.

Gearbox oil temperature is one of the important indicators for gearbox condition monitoring and faults early warning. Accurately predicting the gearbox oil temperature change trend can maintain the gearbox in advance and ensure the safety and reliability of the wind turbine gearbox. The purpose of this article is to analyze the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data in wind turbines. A method based on multi‐input improved ant lion optimization and support vector regression (M‐IALO‐SVR) proposed, which can accurately predict the gearbox oil temperature. The prediction method is compared with back propagation neural network (BPNN) and ALO‐SVR methods to verify the effectiveness of the M‐IALO‐SVR method. To further analyze the prediction results, the 95% confidence interval processing is performed on the residuals of the prediction model, and then the trends of the mean and standard deviation of the moving window residuals are calculated. Testing SCADA data from a wind farm in northeast China, the test results show that when the gearbox is operating normally, the predicted value of the gearbox oil temperature follows the measured value very well. When the gearbox operates abnormally, its temperature deviates from the normal range, and the statistical characteristics of the residuals also change. According to the trend of the residuals statistical characteristics, the abnormal state of the gearbox can be found in time.

The emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to people's lives and health as bacterial infections continue to persist. Currently, antibiotic therapy remains the primary approach for tackling bacterial infections. However, the escalating rates of drug resistance coupled with the lag in the development of novel drugs have led to diminishing effectiveness of conventional treatments. Therefore, the development of nonantibiotic‐dependent therapeutic strategies has become imperative to impede the rise of bacterial resistance. The emergence of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has opened up a new possibility due to the CDT can convert H2O2 into •OH via Fenton/Fenton‐like reaction for drug‐resistant bacterial treatment. However, the efficacy of CDT is limited by a variety of practical factors. To overcome this limitation, the sterilization efficiency of CDT can be enhanced by introducing the therapeutics with inherent antimicrobial capability. In addition, researchers have explored CDT‐based combined therapies to augment its antimicrobial effects and mitigate its potential toxic side effects toward normal tissues. This review examines the research progress of CDT in the antimicrobial field, explores various strategies to enhance CDT efficacy and presents the synergistic effects of CDT in combination with other modalities. And last, the current challenges faced by CDT and the future research directions are discussed. In this review, the recent progress of CDT in the antimicrobial therapy has been introduced. Then the strategies to boost the therapeutic effect of CDT and the CDT‐based combined therapeutic strategies are outlined. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of CDT are also discussed.

Due to the rapid advancement of the Internet and technology, blended learning has gradually gained widespread acceptance among students, teachers, and educational institutions, emerging as the new norm in the post-pandemic era. This study aims to examine the factors influencing active engagement of undergraduate English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) students in blended learning and the moderating role of gender in these relationships. Self-Determination Theory and Technology Acceptance Model are the theoretical frameworks of this study. A total of 381 questionnaires were collected from six universities in Jiangxi Province. Data were analyzed by Smart-pls 4.0. The results indicate that except for perceived ease of use, perceived autonomy, perceived relatedness, perceived competence, and perceived usefulness were significant predictors of active engagement. Furthermore, the results of the multigroup analysis revealed that there were no significant gender differences in the effects of perceived autonomy, perceived relatedness, perceived competence, and perceived usefulness on active engagement. The details of the results and both theoretical and practical implications have been described in the paper. Plain language summary Factors influencing the active engagement Purpose: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the active engagement of undergraduate English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) students in blended learning and the moderating role of gender in these relationships. Self-Determination Theory and Technology Acceptance Model are the theoretical frameworks of this study. Methods: A total of 381 questionnaires were collected from six universities in Jiangxi Province. Data were analyzed by Smart-pls 4.0. Conclusions: The present study employs SDT and TAM as the theoretical framework to explore the influencing factors of EFL students’ AE in blended learning and analyze gender differences in the relationships. The present study has garnered noteworthy results: PA, PC, PR, and PU are critical predictors of EFL students’ AE in blended learning. However, there is not a significant connection between PEOU and AE. Furthermore, PC is related directly and significantly to PU and PEOU, and PR is associated significantly and directly with PU and PEOU. Finally, PA is also significantly related to PU and PEOU. The research also found that, there was no significant gender difference in the impact of PA, PR, PC, PU, and PEOU on AE among EFL students in the context of blended learning. Implications: The theoretical implications of this study primarily encompass two aspects as follows. Firstly, the present research jointly adopted TAM and SDT as theoretical frameworks to explain EFL students’ AE in the context of blended learning. Secondly, this study tested the gender difference in the active engagement of EFL students in blended learning. Limitations of your study: First, the present study solely opted for college students from Jiangxi Province of China, potentially restricting the generalizability of the research findings. Second, the variables examined in this study account for 76.2% of the variation in AE; however, it is crucial to note that not all variables capable of affecting AE were considered. Thirdly, the present study uses quantitative methodologies in the short run, which may not adequately uncover the underlying impact mechanisms of EFL students’ AE in blended learning.

Backgrounds Intestinal dysbiosis in the second trimester is associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in the first trimester. However, the consequences and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In a follow-up cohort study, a nested case-control design was employed. Twenty healthy pregnant women in their second trimester were selected as controls, while nineteen patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension were included in the study. The 16 S rRNA sequencing was utilized to assess changes of gut microbiota patterns during early pregnancy. ELISA test was used to measure plasma inflammatory markers such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alpha, IL-8 and IL-10. Results The PIH group exhibited lower microbial α-diversity compared to the healthy group. Although no statistically significant difference was observed at the genus level ( p  = 0.05), at the phylum level, the PIH patients showed a reduced abundance of Verrucomicrobia and an increased abundance of Firmicutes ( p  = 0.011). Donis analysis revealed that the Gut Microbiome Health Index (GMHI) of the PIH group was significantly worse than that of the control group. Additionally, Akkermansia abundance was significantly lower in the PIH group compared to the control group. Furthermore, more pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-18 and capase-1, were produced in PIH plasma compared to the control group. Conclusion The correlation analysis between gut microbiota and cytokines in PIH patients and controls revealed that Akkermansia was positively associated with IL-18 and capase-1 levels in PIH patients.

Purpose: Enhancing the dissolution, permeation and absorption of active components with low solubility and poor permeability is crucial for maximizing therapeutic efficacy and optimizing functionality. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of natural polysaccharides as carriers to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of active components. Methods: In this study, we employed four representative flavonoids in Astragali Radix, namely Calycosin-7-0-[beta]-D- glucoside (CAG), Ononin (ON), Calycosin (CA) and Formononetin (FMN), as a demonstration to evaluate the potential of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) as carriers to improve the biopharmaceutical properties, sush as solubility, permeability, and absorption in vivo. In addition, the microstructure of the flavonoids-APS complexes was characterized, and the interaction mechanism between APS and flavonoids was investigated using multispectral technique and molecular dynamics simulation. Results: The results showed that APS can self-assemble into aggregates with a porous structure and large surface area in aqueous solutions. These aggregates can be loaded with flavonoids through weak intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, thereby improving their gastrointestinal stability, solubility, permeability and absorption in vivo. Conclusion: We discovered the self-assembly properties of APS and its potential as carriers. Compared with introducing external excipients, the utilization of natural polysaccharides in plants as carriers may have a unique advantage in enhancing dissolution, permeation and absorption. Keywords: astragalus polysaccharides, flavonoids, self-assembly, solubility, permeability, natural carrier

Background Auxin and auxin signaling are involved in a series of developmental processes in plants. Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) is reported to modulate the expression of target genes by binding to auxin response elements (AuxREs) and influence the transcriptional activation of down-stream target genes. However, how ARF genes function in flower development and fruit ripening of papaya ( Carica papaya L.) is largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive characterization and expression profiling analysis of 11 C. papaya ARF ( CpARF ) genes was performed using the newly updated papaya reference genome data. Results We analyzed CpARF e xpression patterns at different developmental stages. CpARF1 , CpARF2 , CpARF4 , CpARF5 , and CpARF10 showed the highest expression at the initial stage of flower development, but decreased during the following developmental stages. CpARF6 expression increased during the developmental process and reached its peak level at the final stage of flower development. The expression of CpARF1 increased significantly during the fruit ripening stages. Many AuxREs were included in the promoters of two ethylene signaling genes ( CpETR1 and CpETR2 ) and three ethylene-synthesis-related genes ( CpACS1 , CpACS2 , and CpACO1 ), suggesting that CpARFs might be involved in fruit ripening via the regulation of ethylene signaling. Conclusions Our study provided comprehensive information on ARF family in papaya, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. The involvement of CpARF gene expression changes in flower and fruit development allowed us to understand the role of ARF-mediated auxin signaling in the maturation of reproductive organs in papaya.

To analyze the financing problems of private enterprises in China, this paper uses the financial data of A-share listed enterprises to construct four sets of Euler investment equation models. The empirical analysis of the models indicates that Chinese enterprises are generally facing financing constraints. However, compared with the state-owned enterprises, the financing constraints of private enterprises are more serious and common. To solve the financing dilemma of private enterprises, we need to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply-side, promote the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises, improve financial infrastructure and create a favorable financing environment.

Mercury ion（Hg^2＋）,known as one of the highly toxic and soluble heavy metal ions,is causing serious environmental pollution and irreversible damage to the health.It is urgent to develop some rapid and ultrasensitive methods for detecting trace mercury ions in the environment especially drink water.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering（SERS）is considered as a novel and powerful optical analysis technique since it has the significant advantages of ultra-sensitivity and high specificity.In recent years,the SERS technique and its application in the detection of Hg^2＋ have become more prevalent and compelling.This review provides an overall survey of the development of SERS-based Hg-（2＋）detections and presents a summary relating to the basic principles,detection strategies,recent advances and current challenges of SERS for Hg^2＋ detections.