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Submerged macrophytes are crucial for the restoration of shallow eutrophic lake but they are diminished in coverage or lost with eutrophication. Their recovery after nutrient loading reduction depends on water and sediment nutrient levels. We studied the combined impacts of sediment fertility (low/high nitrogen and phosphorus content) and water nutrient concentrations (low/high nitrogen and phosphorus addition) on Vallisneria denseserrulata in a mesocosm experiment. We hypothesized that both the elevated external nutrient addition and high sediment nutrient contents would inhibit plant growth. We found that an increase in nutrient concentrations resulted in a significant increase in algal biomass. Furthermore, high external nutrient addition significantly reduced both the relative growth rate (RGR) and the density of V. denseserrulata growing in the nutrient-rich sediment, while in the nutrient-poor sediment treatment, RGR was not affected but the plant density decreased. Interestingly, low nutrient addition appeared to be more conducive to growth and reproduction of V. denseserrulata in the nutrient-rich sediment than in the nutrient-poor sediment. Our findings emphasize the importance of reducing external nutrient inputs is of key higher importance when restoring shallow eutrophic lakes, while the plants may benefit of the nutrient-rich sediment occurring in such lakes after eutrophication.

When restoring shallow lakes, the recovery of submerged macrophytes is of vital importance to obtain clear water conditions. However, post-restoration recovery of small omnivorous fish can increase water nutrient concentrations through excretion. The impact of these recycled nutrients on submerged macrophytes is not well-studied, and it may depend on fish food of varying nutrient contents. We studied the effects of Acheilognathus macropterus on the growth and nutrient stoichiometry of Vallisneria denseserrulata and Hydrilla verticillata . The experiment had six treatments: two controls without recycled nutrients and two nutrient treatments for each of the plant species, respectively. We found that fish released more phosphorus after consuming low N:P food and more nitrogen after high N:P food. The recycled nutrients significantly promoted the growth of both macrophyte species. Interestingly, macrophytes showed higher growth rates in treatments with nutrients from the low N:P food source. Our study, therefore, suggests that nutrient subsidy from fish excretion can significantly stimulate the growth of submerged macrophytes, the magnitude of the effect being determined by the N:P ratio of the fish food. The realization of this growth potential, however, also depends on the phytoplankton response to these nutrients, that expectedly will be weaker at high macrophyte coverage.

Background Intestinal infectious disease is a common infectious disease that is closely related to meteorological conditions and air pollution factors. We aim to construct a short-term prediction model for the daily incidence of common intestinal infectious diseases in Changzhou city. Methods The daily incidence data of hand, foot, and mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea in Changzhou and the daily meteorological data and air pollutant data in the same period were collected from May 13, 2014 to December 31, 2024. The meteorological data consisted of temperature, humidity, wind speed, air pressure, etc. Air pollutant data included PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3, and AQI indicators. Three models, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Transformer, and a hybrid model combining seasonal trend decomposition with Transformer, were constructed and compared. Additionally, an advanced STL-T-L hybrid model ( S easonal- T rend decomposition using L oess, T ransformer, and L STM) was proposed for further analysis. Bayesian optimization was used to determine the hyperparameters of the deep learning model. The model integrated historical incidence data, environmental factors, and engineered time characteristics, lag terms, and rolling statistics. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute scale error (MASE) were calculated on the independent test set to evaluate the prediction performance of the model. Results Among all the evaluated models, the STL-T-L hybrid model showed the best prediction performance on the test set, with RMSE of 6.337, MAE of 4.524, MAPE of 58.482%, MASE of 0.638. The prediction model built in this study considered the historical incidence of the disease and incorporated various meteorological and air pollution factors. The results showed that the STL-T-L model incorporating these features achieved the best prediction results. Conclusion The STL-T-L model can effectively predict the common intestinal infectious diseases and can be used as a tool for monitoring and early warning of intestinal infectious diseases in Changzhou.

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Although catheter ablation is highly recommended for general AF populations, it is less effective in maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with HCM associated with AF. Hybrid ablation, combining a cosmetic approach with a lower rate of AF relapse, lacks comparative studies to verify its efficacy against CA in HCM. This study aims to assess the rhythm control effectiveness of hybrid versus CA in non-obstructive HCM (non-oHCM) patients with AF.Methods/analysisThis prospective, multicentre, randomised trial involves a blinded assessment of outcomes in non-oHCM patients with non-paroxysmal AF. Sixty-six candidates from three centres will be randomised 1:1 to either hybrid or CA, including isthmus addressed lesion sets. Participants will be stratified by left atrial (LA) size (LA diameter ≤50 mm or >50 mm). Follow-ups at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months will evaluate the primary endpoint of freedom from documented atrial tachycardia lasting over 30 s within 12 months post-procedure without antiarrhythmic drugs, along with secondary endpoints of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, cerebral stroke, peripheral vascular embolism, heart failure-related rehospitalisation, all-cause rehospitalisation and quality of life assessments.Ethics and disseminationapprovalThe central ethics committee at Fuwai Hospital has approved the Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy with Atrial Fibrillation trial (approval number: 2022-1736). Results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05610215.

BackgroundSkull base chordoma is a rare and aggressive tumour of the bone that has a high likelihood of recurrence. The fundamental differences in single cells between primary and recurrent lesions remain poorly understood, impeding development of effective treatment approaches.MethodsTo obtain an understanding of the differences in single cells between primary and recurrent chordomas, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell/B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing. This allowed us to delineate the differences between the two types of tumour cells, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts and B cells. Copy number variants (CNVs) were detected and compared between the tumour types to assess heterogeneity. Selected samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to validate protein expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation experiments, Transwell assays and xenograft mouse models helped verify the role of fibronectin 1 (FN1) in chordoma.ResultsPromoting natural killer (NK) cell and CD8_GZMK T-cell function or inhibiting the transformation of CD8_GZMK T cells to CD8_ZNF683 T cells and promoting the transformation of natural killer T (NKT) cells to NK cells are promising strategies for preventing chordoma recurrence. Additionally, inhibiting the M2-like activity of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) could be an effective approach. Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs) and dendritic cells (DCs) with high enrichment of the antigen-presenting signature were enriched in primary chordomas. There were fewer plasma cells and BCR clonotypes in recurrent chordomas. Remarkably, FN1 was upregulated, had more CNVs, and was more highly secreted by tumours, macrophages, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and fibroblasts in recurrent chordoma than in primary chordoma. Finally, FN1 enhanced the invasion and proliferation of chordomas in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionOur comprehensive picture of the microenvironment of primary and recurrent chordomas provides deep insights into the mechanisms of chordoma recurrence. FN1 is an important target for chordoma therapy.