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Colloidal quantum dot (QD) emitters show great promise in the development of next-generation displays. Although various solution-processed techniques have been developed for nanomaterials, high-resolution and uniform patterning technology amicable to manufacturing is still missing. Here, we present large-area, high-resolution, full-color QD patterning utilizing a selective electrophoretic deposition (SEPD) technique. This technique utilizes photolithography combined with SEPD to achieve uniform and fast fabrication, low-cost QD patterning in large-area beyond 1,000 pixels-per-inch. The QD patterns only deposited on selective electrodes with precisely controlled thickness in a large range, which could cater for various optoelectronic devices. The adjustable surface morphology, packing density and refractive index of QD films enable higher efficiency compared to conventional solution-processed methods. We further demonstrate the versatility of our approach to integrate various QDs into large-area arrays of full-color emitting pixels and QLEDs with good performance. The results suggest a manufacture-viable technology for commercialization of QD-based displays. Colloidal quantum dots are promising for next-generation displays, yet the technology to realise high-resolution and uniform patterning is still scarce. Here, the authors report full-colour QD large area patterning by combining photolithography and selective electrophoretic deposition technique.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the deadliest diseases of cats in China. In this study, 120 ascitic fluid samples from FIP-suspected cats were collected from veterinary hospitals in 21 provinces in China between 2019 and 2021. One hundred nine samples were positive for feline coronavirus (FCoV), with no feline immunodeficiency virus infections and one feline leukemia virus infection (1/109, 0.92%). The prevalence of FCoV was significantly associated with age (p < 0.01) and was not highly associated with gender, breed, geographical location, or viral coinfection (p > 0.01). One unique strain, SD/202012/003, contained a six-nucleotide deletion in the spike gene. Sequence analysis showed that 94.68% (89/94) of the isolates had a mutation of methionine to leucine at position 1058 in the spike protein. The epidemiological data obtained of FCoV in this study may be beneficial for clinical monitoring of FCoV in China.

Lower limb exoskeleton is a typical wearable robot to assist human motion and improve physiological power. However, the control performance and stability are affected by some unknown model parameters and control algorithms. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the model parametric identification and the control design of lower extremity exoskeleton. Firstly, the two degree-of-freedom (DoF) exoskeleton model is constructed by the Lagrange technique. Then the biogeography-based learning particle swarm optimization (BLPSO) is used to optimize the B-spline function parameters and the smooth stimulated trajectories is designed. Meanwhile, the BLPSO is also adopted to identify unknown model parameters of the exoskeleton based on the torques and the joint angles. To decline the negative effect of parametric identification error of exoskeleton, the passive backstepping controller is proposed to improve the tracking performance of human-robot motion. Furthermore, the active admittance controller is adopted to improve the motion comfort of tester. Finally, the comparative experimental results are verified on the platform, which show the BLPSO algorithm has better parametric identification accuracy than PSO and GA. Furthermore, the comparative results have verified that the proposed controller can improve the tracking behavior and reduce the human-robot interaction torque in wearable motion.

Exoskeleton is a promising technology to enhance the mobility of aged and disabled people. With comfortable human–exoskeleton interaction, mechanical and control designers aim at accurately tracking a desired trajectory, while saving the wearer’s energy expenditure is the preference from the viewpoint of biomechanics. Given all of these effects, we propose a new model, consisting of the swing dynamics of both human and robot’s lower extremities coupled by damped springs representing elastic and viscous properties of band and human tissue. With the coupling coefficients identified with an experimental platform, the analytical model yields consistent results compared with an experimental exoskeleton, especially in the prediction of the interactive forces. Further analyses are then performed based on this validated model, revealing the influences of desired trajectory, mass ratio, misalignment, coupling points, health condition and band tightness on the human–exoskeleton coupling dynamics. It is found that introducing gravity compensation and tuning the feedback gain improve the tracking accuracy, but hardly change the interactive force. The most comfortable interaction requires a healthy wearer coupled with a lightweight exoskeleton without any misalignment, but properly changing the trajectory, coupling points and tightness can partly reduce the interactive forces if the ideal condition is unachievable.

BackgroundThe natural history of clinically stable patients with Chiari I malformation (CM-I)-syringomyelia is uncertain. To understand their outcomes, we examined conservatively managed CM-I-syringomyelia patients’ long-term clinical and radiological courses.MethodsWe enrolled 156 mild CM-I-syringomyelia cases (Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score ≥13) managed non-surgically between 1994 and 2014 and followed them periodically until December 2024 for significant progressive myelopathy that we termed ‘obvious deterioration’. Obvious deterioration was defined as a ≥2-point decline in JOA score to less than 13. Spontaneous syrinx resolution was radiologically defined as >50% reduction in syrinx length or maximal axial diameter on T1-weighted MRI.ResultsThe entire cohort had over 1401 patient-years of follow-up. 55 patients exhibited clinical deterioration, yielding an annual progression rate of 3.9%. Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) (HR=1.841, 95% CI 0.999 to 3.392; p=0.049), positive Babinski sign (HR=2.252, 95% CI 1.229 to 4.125; p=0.009) and without spontaneous resolution (HR=20.308, 95% CI 4.804 to 85.849; p<0.001) independently predicted later clinical obvious deterioration. Spontaneous resolution of CM-I-syringomyelia was more frequent with cervical syringes (HR=2.12, 95% CI 1.224 to 3.674; p=0.007) and absence of OSAHS (HR=3.83, 95% CI 1.376 to 10.640; p=0.01).ConclusionThis study showed that the natural course of myelopathy in CM-I-syringomyelia varies according to the OASHS status, Babinski sign and spontaneous syrinx resolution. Additionally, baseline characteristics, including the spinal region of the syrinx and the absence of OSAHS, correlated with spontaneous syrinx resolution.

In order to analyze the motion of the human lower limb, a comprehensive process was created in this paper. Firstly, an exoskeleton robot platform was leveraged and a dynamic model of human-exoskeleton lower limb was created for identifying human parameters. Then the sEMG signal was utilized to extract information about muscle activity through multi-group experiments, and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was built to forecast joint torque. An inverse dynamics analysis combining the human motion data with the dynamic model can not only verify the reliability of prediction result by this BPNN but also the correctness of identified results before. Moreover, the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) were used as evaluation index of both identification and prediction results. The proposed protocol can give accurate identified parameters for subject and estimated joint torque from sEMG during swing motion. We believe it can be extended to various types of human motion movement and potentially applied to complete human motion analysis.

The chain chief system, an innovation in industrial institutions led by local governments, is a cornerstone in the transition of agricultural value chains from \"efficiency first\" to \"equal emphasis on efficiency, security, and green and low-carbon development\". In this paper, we review the origin of the chain chief system and its growing emphasis on the importance of capable chain chiefs. We identify the origin, implications and characteristics of green and low-carbon agricultural value chains and reveal the background of those chains. Green and low-carbon agricultural value chains should achieve \"vigorous external competition, coordination between value chain stakeholders, increasing resilience, and value addition from an agribusiness ecosystem\". Based on this goal, we identify gaps in the competitiveness, coordination, resilience and value addition of green and low-carbon agricultural value chains. Focusing on the importance of capable chain chiefs, we suggest ways for the chain chief system to assist the innovation chain, the capital chain, the standardization chain, the information chain, and the value chain of green and low-carbon agriculture.

Model‐informed drug development (MIDD) has emerged as a cornerstone paradigm in global pharmaceutical innovation. Historically underutilized in China, MIDD methodologies gained momentum following the National Medical Products Administration's (NMPA) 2020 release of the Model‐Informed Drug Development Technical Guideline, which was subsequently augmented by supplementary technical guidelines to systematically promote and institutionalize MIDD adoption. This study conducts a longitudinal analysis of MIDD implementation in China‐approved innovative drugs from 2018 to 2024, spanning pre‐ and post‐guideline eras.

The abnormal expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with numerous human diseases. This study investigated the mechanism by which circRNA acts as competitive endogenous RNA in the regulation of degenerative intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Decreased expression of circSPG21 was detected in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), the function of circSPG21 in NPCs was explored and verified, and the downstream target of circSPG21 was investigated. The interaction between circSPG21 and miR-1197 and its target gene ( ATP1B3 ) was studied by online database prediction and molecular biological verification. Finally, the circSPG21/miR-1197/ATP1B3 axis was verified in the mouse tail-looping model. The expression of circSPG21 in the nucleus pulposus in IVDD was directly related to an imbalance of anabolic and catabolic factors, which affected cell senescence. circSPG21 was found to play a role in human NPCs by acting as a sponge of miR-1197 and thereby affecting ATP1B3 . The regulation of circSPG21 provides a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for IVDD. Spinal disease: Circular RNA protects against degenerative disc disease A type of non-coding circular RNA implicated in maintaining the cartilaginous discs found between adjacent vertebrae of the spine offers a promising new therapeutic target for treating chronic lower back pain. A team from China led by Bin Fang of China Medical University, Shaoxing, and Jianjun Ma of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, found that people with degenerative intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) express low levels of a circular RNA known as circSPG21 in the cells that populate the area between spinal discs. The researchers showed how this RNA interacts with a regulatory microRNA to affect the function of a protein involved in warding off cell death. Injections of circSPG21 alleviated the symptoms of IVDD in a mouse model, highlighting its therapeutic potential in humans.

BackgroundThe existing classification in Chiari I malformation (CM-I) has limited significance for the selection of surgical methods.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the surgery of CM-I with syringomyelia based on the high-resolution MR imaging (HRMRI) findings.MethodsData from 115 patients were collected and retrospectively analyzed. For those with syringomyelia up to the level of C1, HRMRI was performed and according to the communication status between the fourth ventricle and the syringomyelia, patients can be divided into four types, namely Type A: classic communicating; Type B: partial communicating; Type C: non-communicating; Type D: atrophic. All operations were performed with Foramen magnum and Magendie dredging (FMMD), and all intradural factors that may have induced the obstruction of CSF circulation were recorded. The efficiency of operation on syringomyelia was evaluated by mJOA, imaging findings, and complications in the follow-up periods.ResultsThe postoperative follow-up period was from 12 to 24 months, with an average of 14.3 months. At 1 year, the mJOA of 115 patients was significantly higher than that before the operations (before surgery 12.1 ± 2.3 vs. after surgery 14. 2 ± 1.4, P < 0.05). In addition, postoperative re-examination showed that the size of the syringomyelia was reduced or completely resolved in patients of Type A, 100% (2/2); Type B, 81% (9/11); Type C, 84% (81/97); and Type D, 20% (1/5).ConclusionsAccording to our new classification based on HRMRI, FMMD is the key to surgical treatment, especially for Type A and Type B patients.