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Objective: Several medicinal plants have been given significant attention in the medical field due to their effect on wound healing. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of tuberosus helianthus powder in skin wound healing in mice. Material and Methods: Tuberosis helianthus powder was purchased from a commercial supplier (medicinal Korean herbs, prince herb). The powder was stored in a dry, airtight container at room temperature until use. It was applied directly to the incisional wounds at a specific concentration and frequency (50 mg twice daily). Thirty-six male mice were randomly assigned to three time points (3, 7, and 14 days), with 12 mice per time point. Each mouse received two incisional wounds: one on the left side, serving as the control, and another on the right side, designated as the experimental wound. At each time point, 12 mice were euthanized, yielding 24 wound samples (12 control and 12 experimental) per time point. In total, 36 control wounds and 36 experimental wounds were analyzed. Three physical parameters were taken, including the number of inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and epidermis thickness. All these parameters were on the dorsal aspect of the thoracolumbar region, into which tuberous helianthus powder was typically done in the treated day duration. Meanwhile, the day durations for control mice were left without any treatment. The mice were euthanized on days 3, 7, and 14 after wound healing for histopathological study. Results: The histopathological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed significant differences between the control and treatment groups. On day 3, the control group exhibited pronounced inflammatory responses with extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, necrotic tissue, and fibrin clot formation. In contrast, the treatment group showed early signs of wound healing, such as mild inflammatory response and reepithelialization with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Throughout the study, the treatment group demonstrated faster wound contraction, enhanced tissue remodeling, and reduced inflammatory cells compared to the control. By day 14, treated mice displayed mature epidermis and dermal granulation tissue with significant angiogenesis, suggesting accelerated wound healing. These findings support the potential of Helianthus tuberosus powder in promoting wound healing. Conclusion: Tuberosus helianthus powder plays an important role in the healing pathway in wound healing.

Iron overload in individuals with beta thalassemia major is mostly caused by blood transfusion treatment. Since the human body lacks a method for excreting extra iron, iron overload is unavoidable in individuals with thalassemia major who require regular blood transfusions. Because exfoliative cytology is a rapid, easy, painless, and bloodless treatment, it is an attractive assessment. The main intracellular iron-storage protein, ferritin, is released in minute amounts into the body's plasma and helps to maintain iron in a soluble, non-toxic state. In the absence of inflammation, the amount of the body's total iron reserves is positively correlated with the concentration of this plasma (or serum) ferritin. When compared to blood, saliva offers major biochemical and logistical benefits, making it one of the most essential bodily fluids for diagnostic purposes. The diseases associated with iron overload are attributed to the significant increase in ferritin levels in saliva. The objectives of the study were as follows: 1. To measure the levels of iron overload in patients with beta-thalassemia major using oral exfoliative cytology with the special Perl's Prussian blue stain. 2. ELISA was used to measure the ferritin level (iron overload) in the serum and saliva of individuals with beta thalassemia major. 3. To compare the amounts of ferritin in their serum and saliva with the Prussian blue staining positivity of each individual. Smears were extracted from the buccal mucosa of thirty healthy people in the same age range (6-26 years) and sixty β-thalassemia major patients who had received at least ten transfusions. Prussian blue stain kit from Perl was used to stain smears. To estimate ferritin levels, blood and saliva samples were simultaneously obtained from the control and study group. Positivity of Prussian blue was evaluated using predetermined grading standards. 48 out of 60 thalassemic patients (80%) had Perl's positivity, which was positively correlated with ferritin levels in the saliva and serum. Patients with β-thalassemia major can have their iron overload evaluated using coloring peeled cells from the oral mucosa.

Background: The rising use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has become a significant public health issue. While e-cigarettes are seen as a safer alternative to traditional smoking, they may still expose users to toxic chemicals that could adversely affect oral health. This study aims to investigate the cytomorphometric changes in buccal mucosal cells among different smoking groups, including e-cigarette vapers, traditional smokers of varying intensities, and non-smokers, and to correlate these findings with salivary thiocyanate levels, a biomarker for cyanide exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 73 male participants (aged 18-50 years) conducted in Al Muqdadiyah City, Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The participants were classified into five groups: electronic cigarette vapers (ECV, n=25), heavy regular cigarette smokers (Heavy RCS, n=12), moderate regular cigarette smokers (Moderate RCS, n=12), mild regular cigarette smokers (Mild RCS, n=12), and non-smoking controls (NSC, n=12). Salivary thiocyanate levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Oral exfoliative cytology was utilized, with the cytological evaluation of the buccal mucosal smears focusing on nuclear abnormalities, including total micronuclei (MN), micronucleated cells (MN cells), binucleated (BN) cells, nuclear buds (NB), karyorrhectic (KR) cells, karyolytic (KL) cells, and pyknotic (PK) cells, which were stained using Papanicolaou (PAP) staining. Statistical analyses were performed for group comparisons and correlation tests. Results: Mean salivary thiocyanate levels in heavy RCS and e-cigarette vapers (5.51 ± 0.153 mM/L and 3.674 ± 0.422 mM/L) were higher than those in non-smokers (1.145 ± 0.15 mM/L), showing a highly significant difference (p=0.011) in thiocyanate levels. Additionally, the results indicated a significant increase in all nuclear abnormalities among smokers and e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05). Heavy smokers displayed the most pronounced cytological changes, followed by e-cigarette users, moderate smokers, and mild smokers. However, the correlation between salivary thiocyanate and cytomorphometric changes was weak and inconsistent across all study groups. Conclusion: This study shows that e-cigarette use causes significant oral cellular damage comparable to moderate cigarette smoking, challenging the perception of e-cigarettes as safe alternatives. Both smoking types increased salivary thiocyanate levels and nuclear abnormalities in buccal cells. The weak correlation between biomarkers and cellular damage suggests multiple assessment tools are needed. These findings demonstrate that e-cigarettes pose substantial oral health risks and are not harmless.

The steady decrease in glomerular filtration rate is a hallmark of chronic kidney failure, culminating in elevated serum creatinine concentrations and blood uric nitrogen. Chronic renal failure patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are increasingly diagnosed with oxidative stress. This cross-sectional study sought to estimate oxidative and antioxidative salivary biomarkers (malondialdehyde and catalase) in chronic renal disease patients and compare them to healthy control subjects. This research was performed at Al-Sader Medical City in Al Najaf. There were 60 participants separated into two groups: 30 patients made up the first group, with chronic renal failure, who had hemodialysis. The second group comprised 30 healthy patients with no severe disease in their medical history. It was noted that there were more females than males in this study. The current results indicated a considerable disparity between the MDA value in the control and uncontrolled groups. The MDA value exhibited a greater magnitude in the uncontrolled group. Conversely, the CAT value indicated a statistically significant distinction between the uncontrolled and control groups, with the control group exhibiting a higher CAT value than the uncontrolled group. The primary cause of free radical production and enzymatic antioxidant losses is hemodialysis; this indicates that HD intensifies oxidative stress rather than alleviating it.