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Waterbodies (natural lakes and reservoirs) are a critical part of a watershed’s ecological and hydrological balance, and in many cases dictate the downstream river flows either through natural attenuation or through managed controls. Investigating waterbody dynamics relies primarily on understanding their morphology and geophysical characteristics that are primarily defined by bathymetry. Bathymetric conditions define stage-storage relationships and circulation/transport processes in waterbodies. Yet many studies oversimplify these mechanisms due to unavailability of the bathymetric data. We developed a novel GLObal Bathymetric (GLOBathy) dataset of 1.4+ million waterbodies to align with the well-established global dataset, HydroLAKES. GLOBathy uses a GIS-based framework to generate bathymetric maps based on the waterbody maximum depth estimates and HydroLAKES geometric/geophysical attributes of the waterbodies. The maximum depth estimates are validated at 1,503 waterbodies, making use of several observed data sources. We also provide estimations for head-Area-Volume (h-A-V) relationships of the HydroLAKES waterbodies, driven from the bathymetric maps of the GLOBathy dataset. The h-A-V relationships provide essential information for water balance and hydrological studies of global waterbody systems.Measurement(s)lake depth • reservoir depth • bathymetry • Head-Area-Volume relationshipTechnology Type(s)machine learning • Geographic Information System • bathymetry data processingSample Characteristic - Environmentwater bodySample Characteristic - LocationglobalMachine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16695070

With the aim of developing a fully coupled atmosphere‐hydrology model system, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was enhanced by integrating a new set of hydrologic physics parameterizations accounting for lateral water flow occurring at the land surface. The WRF‐Hydro modeling system was applied for a 3 year long simulation in the Crati River Basin (Southern Italy), where output from the fully coupled WRF/WRF‐Hydro was compared to that provided by original WRF model. Prior to performing coupled land‐atmosphere simulations, the stand‐alone hydrological model (“uncoupled” WRF‐Hydro) was calibrated through an automated procedure and validated using observed meteorological forcing and streamflow data, achieving a Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency value of 0.80 for 1 year of simulation. Precipitation, runoff, soil moisture, deep drainage, and land surface heat fluxes were compared between WRF‐only and WRF/WRF‐Hydro simulations and validated additionally with ground‐based observations, a FLUXNET site, and MODIS‐derived LST. Since the main rain events in the study area are mostly dependent on the interactions between the atmosphere and the surrounding Mediterranean Sea, changes in precipitation between modeling experiments were modest. However, redistribution and reinfiltration of local infiltration excess produced higher soil moisture content, lower overall surface runoff, and higher drainage in the fully coupled model. Higher soil moisture values in WRF/WRF‐Hydro slightly influenced precipitation and also increased latent heat fluxes. Overall, the fully coupled model tended to show better performance with respect to observed precipitation while allowing more water to circulate in the modeled regional water cycle thus, ultimately, modifying long‐term hydrological processes at the land surface. Key Points: Fully coupled model includes lateral surface and subsurface water fluxes Lateral redistribution increases soil moisture content compared to control run Precipitation and long‐term land surface hydrological processes are influenced

Climate change is expected to accelerate the hydrologic cycle, increase the fraction of precipitation that is rain, and enhance snowpack melting. The enhanced hydrological cycle is also expected to increase snowfall amounts due to increased moisture availability. These processes are examined in this paper in the Colorado Headwaters region through the use of a coupled high-resolution climate–runoff model. Four high-resolution simulations of annual snowfall over Colorado are conducted. The simulations are verified using Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) data. Results are then presented regarding the grid spacing needed for appropriate simulation of snowfall. Finally, climate sensitivity is explored using a pseudo–global warming approach. The results show that the proper spatial and temporal depiction of snowfall adequate for water resource and climate change purposes can be achieved with the appropriate choice of model grid spacing and parameterizations. The pseudo–global warming simulations indicate enhanced snowfall on the order of 10%–25% over the Colorado Headwaters region, with the enhancement being less in the core headwaters region due to the topographic reduction of precipitation upstream of the region (rain-shadow effect). The main climate change impacts are in the enhanced melting at the lower-elevation bound of the snowpack and the increased snowfall at higher elevations. The changes in peak snow mass are generally near zero due to these two compensating effects, and simulated wintertime total runoff is above current levels. The 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) is reduced by 25% in the warmer climate, and the date of maximum SWE occurs 2–17 days prior to current climate results, consistent with previous studies.

The concept of \"prehabilitation,\" or optimising individual physical and mental wellbeing prior to surgery is well established in cancer and orthopaedic populations. However, amongst the cardiac surgery population, the concept is relatively new. Of the few studies available, all focus on the elective surgical population. This pilot feasibility trial is novel as it will focus on the impact of multimodal prehabilitation on the acute inpatient cardiac surgical population. This single centre, prospective, single arm pilot feasibility trial will recruit 20 inpatients awaiting cardiac surgery. Measurements will be collected at the start of the trial (baseline), 7 days after intervention, and 14 days after the intervention or before the day of surgery. The primary outcome measure will be feasibility and practicality of the programme in an acute inpatient population. We will be looking into participant eligibility, acceptability, recruitment rates, completion rates and barriers to implementing a prehabilitation programme. Secondary outcomes include incidence of study-related adverse events, improvement in 6 minutes walk test (6MWT), hand grip strength, quality of life, anxiety scores and spirometry. At the end of the trial, we will be seeking the feedback of the participants on key components of the programme to help us inform future work. We hypothesise that light to moderate structured exercise training is low risk and feasible in patients awaiting inpatient cardiac surgery. The study was approved by Health Research Authority and Heath and Care Research Wales (Yorkshire & the Humber- Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee: REC reference 23/YH/0255) on the 8th November 2023. Multimodal prehabilitation could improve individual physical and mental wellbeing whilst awaiting inpatient cardiac surgery. Prehabilitation can provide individuals with a sense of ownership and control over their condition, improve their motivation and independence, and enhance their mental and physical recovery after surgery. Traditionally, patients waiting for cardiac surgery are discouraged from physical activity/ structured exercise training and receive limited information regarding their health. Appropriate physical and psychological support could improve their confidence to mobilise sooner after surgery. This may then facilitate earlier discharge leading to improved hospital bed utilisation and patient flow. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06275100.

The electric sector simultaneously faces two challenges: decarbonization to mitigate, and adaptation to manage, the impacts of climate change. In many regions, these challenges are compounded by an interdependence of electricity and water systems, with water needed for hydropower generation and electricity for water provision. Here, we couple detailed water and electricity system models to evaluate how the Western Interconnection grid can both adapt to climate change and develop carbon-free generation by 2050, while accounting for interactions and climate vulnerabilities of the water sector. We find that by 2050, due to climate change, annual regional electricity use could grow by up to 2% from cooling and water-related electricity demand, while total annual hydropower generation could decrease by up to 23%. To adapt, we show that the region may need to build up to 139 GW of additional generating capacity between 2030 and 2050, equivalent to nearly thrice California’s peak demand, and could incur up to $150 billion (+7%) in extra costs. The authors link water and electricity system models to evaluate how the electric grid can both adapt to climate change impacts and decarbonize, while also accounting for dependencies and climate vulnerabilities of the closely coupled water sector.

A high-resolution climate model (4-km horizontal grid spacing) is used to examine the following question: How will long-term changes in climate impact the partitioning of annual precipitation between evapotranspiration and runoff in the Colorado Headwaters? This question is examined using a climate sensitivity approach in which eight years of current climate is compared to a future climate created by modifying the current climate signal with perturbation from the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), model forced by the A1B scenario for greenhouse gases out to 2050. The current climate period is shown to agree well with Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) surface observations of precipitation (P) and snowpack, as well as streamflow and AmeriFlux evapotranspiration (ET) observations. The results show that the annual evaporative fraction (ET/P) for the Colorado Headwaters is 0.81 for the current climate and 0.83 for the future climate, indicating increasing aridity in the future despite a positive increase of precipitation. Runoff decreased by an average of 6%, reflecting the increased aridity. Precipitation increased in the future winter by 12%, but decreased in the summer as a result of increased low-level inhibition to convection. The fraction of precipitation that fell as snow decreased from 0.83 in the current climate to 0.74 in the future. Future snowpack did not change significantly until January. From January to March the snowpack increased above ~3000 m MSL and decreased below that level. Snowpack decreased at all elevations in the future from April to July. The peak snowpack and runoff over the headwaters occurred 2–3 weeks earlier in the future simulation, in agreement with previous studies.

BackgroundStakeholder engagement helps ensure that research is relevant, clinical innovations are responsive, and healthcare services are patient-centered.ObjectiveEstablish and sustain a Veteran engagement board involving older Veterans and caregivers to provide input on aging-related research and clinical demonstration projects.Design and ParticipantsThe Older Veteran Engagement Team (OVET)—a group of eight Veterans and one caregiver who range in age from 62 to 92—was formed in November 2017 and has met monthly since January 2018. The OVET provides feedback on topics that reflect the foci of the VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) (e.g., physical functioning, hearing health, and emotional wellness/mental health). Ongoing evaluation documents the return on investment of Veteran engagement.Main MeasuresThe OVET member and provider/investigator meeting evaluations with longitudinal follow-up at 6 and 12 months.ResultsReturn on investment of Veteran engagement is multi-faceted. For OVET, ROI ranges from grant support to improved healthcare quality/efficiency to social-emotional benefits. To date, funding awards total over $2.3 M for NIH and VA-funded projects to which OVET provided substantive feedback. Documented impacts on healthcare services include reductions in patient wait times, more appropriate utilization of services and increased patient satisfaction. Social-emotional benefits include generativity, as OVET members contribute to improving clinical and community-based supports for other Veterans. The OVET provides an opportunity for older Veterans to share their lived experience with trainees and early career investigators who are preparing for careers serving Veterans.ConclusionThe OVET is similar to other established stakeholder engagement groups; team members offer their individual viewpoints at any stage of research, clinical demonstration, or quality improvement projects. The OVET provides a mechanism for the voice of older Veterans and caregivers to shape aspects of individual projects. Importantly, these projects support patient-centered care and promote the characteristics of an age-friendly healthcare system.

This study aims to investigate if there is equivalence in volumes of fluid administered when intravenous fluid therapy is guided by Pleth Variability Index (PVI) compared to the established technology of esophageal Doppler in low-risk patients undergoing major colorectal surgery. Randomized controlled trial. Operating room. Forty low-risk patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Patients were monitored by esophageal Doppler and PVI probes and were randomized to have fluid therapy directed by using one of these technologies, with 250 mL boluses of colloid to maintain a maximal stroke volume, or a PVI of less than 14%. Absolute volumes of fluid volumes given intraoperatively were measured as were 24 hours fluid volumes. Perioperative measurements of lactate and base excess were recorded as were postoperative complications. There was no significant difference between PVI and esophageal Doppler groups in mean total fluid administered (1286 vs 1520 mL, P=.300) or mean intraoperative fluid balance (+839 v+1145 mL, P=.150). PVI offers an entirely non-invasive alternative for goal-directed fluid therapy in this group of patients. •Fluid volumes administered by PVI or Doppler guided therapy are equivalent in major colorectal surgery.•Measures of tissue perfusion are similar in both groups.•Minor complications may be higher in the Doppler group.•PVI offers an entirely non-invasive alternative for goal-directed fluid therapy.