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"Ye, Lin"
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Green and software-defined wireless networks : from theory to practice
\"Understand the fundamental theory and practical design aspects of green and soft wireless communications networks with this expert text. It provides comprehensive and unified coverage of 5G physical layer design, as well as design of the higher and radio access layers and the core network, drawing on viewpoints from both academia and industry. Get to grips with the theory through authoritative discussion of information-theoretical results, and learn about fundamental green design trade-offs, software-defined network architectures, and energy-efficient radio resource management strategies. Applications of wireless big data and artificial intelligence to wireless network design are included, providing an excellent design reference, and real-world examples of employment in software-defined 5G networks and energy-saving solutions from wireless communications companies and cellular operators help to connect theory with practice. This is an essential text for graduate students, professionals and researchers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Research on the speed stability of intermittent transmission mechanism in a certain type of conveyor device
Aimed at the problem of large load impact and kinetic energy in the operation of the intermittent transmission mechanism of a certain type of conveyor, this paper designs schemes with different slot numbers and corresponding transmission ratios, while keeping the original four-sheave center distance, input speed, and output angular displacement of the intermittent transmission mechanism unchanged. It also compares and analyzes the various transmission schemes. The analysis results indicate that increasing the number of slots can increase the time proportion of the intermittent transmission device in the unit operating cycle, thereby reducing the output speed of the intermittent transmission device. While increasing the number of slots, it is necessary to synchronously change the transmission ratio and number of teeth at the rear end z 1 z 2 -1 of the slot wheel mechanism to ensure that the output angular displacement remains unchanged. After the improvement of 5-8 grooved wheels, the peak kinetic energy of the load is reduced by 45.4% to 73.6% compared to 4-slot wheels. The effect of reducing impact during motion is very significant.
Journal Article
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil Compounds (Geraniol and Citral) and Inhibitory Mechanisms on Grain Pathogens (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus)
The grain contamination by Aspergillus spp. has been a serious issue. This study exhibited the excellent antifungal effects of the essential oil compounds (EOCs) geraniol and citral against common grain pathogens (A. flavus and A. ochraceus) in vitro and in situ. The inhibitory mechanisms were also evaluated from the perspective of cell membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and Aspergillus spp. growth-related gene expression. Meanwhile, the combined effects of EOCs in the vapor phase and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were examined to find an alternative preservation method for controlling Aspergillus spp. The results indicated that citral exhibited the antifungal activity mainly by downregulating the sporulation- and growth-related genes for both pathogens. Geraniol displayed inhibitory effectiveness against A. flavus predominantly by inducing the intracellular ROS accumulation and showed toxicity against A. ochraceus principally by changing cell membrane permeability. Furthermore, the synthetic effects of EOCs and MAP (75% CO2 and 25% N2) induced better grain quality than the current commercial fumigant AlP. These findings reveal that EOCs have potential to be a novel grain preservative for further application.
Journal Article
The Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type II in CD8+ Regulatory T Cells and CD8+ Effector T Cells
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. The biological functions of TNF are mediated by two receptors, TNF receptor type I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor type II (TNFR2). TNFR1 is expressed universally on almost all cell types and has been extensively studied, whereas TNFR2 is mainly restricted to immune cells and some tumor cells and its role is far from clarified. Studies have shown that TNFR2 mediates the stimulatory activity of TNF on CD4
Foxp3
regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8
Foxp3
Tregs, and is involved in the phenotypic stability, proliferation, activation, and suppressive activity of Tregs. TNFR2 can also be expressed on CD8
effector T cells (Teffs), which delivers an activation signal and cytotoxic ability to CD8
Teffs during the early immune response, as well as an apoptosis signal to terminate the immune response. TNFR2-induced abolition of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) degradation may play an important role in these processes. Consequently, due to the distribution of TNFR2 and its pleiotropic effects, TNFR2 appears to be critical to keeping the balance between Tregs and Teffs, and may be an efficient therapeutic target for tumor and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of TNFR2 expressed on CD8
Foxp3
Tregs and CD8
Teffs, and highlight how TNF uses TNFR2 to coordinate the complex events that ultimately lead to efficient CD8
T cell-mediated immune responses.
Journal Article
Multitrophic diversity and biotic associations influence subalpine forest ecosystem multifunctionality
Biodiversity across multiple trophic levels is required to maintain multiple ecosystem functions. Yet it remains unclear how multitrophic diversity and species interactions regulate ecosystem multifunctionality. Here, combining data from 9 different trophic groups (including trees, shrubs, herbs, leaf mites, small mammals, bacteria, pathogenic fungi, saprophytic fungi, and symbiotic fungi) and 13 ecosystem functions related to supporting, provisioning, and regulating services, we used a multitrophic perspective to evaluate the effects of elevation, diversity, and network complexity on scale-dependent subalpine forest multifunctionality. Our results demonstrated that elevation and soil pH significantly modified species composition and richness across multitrophic groups and influenced multiple functions simultaneously. We present evidence that species richness across multiple trophic groups had stronger effects on multifunctionality than species richness at any single trophic level. Moreover, biotic associations, indicating the complexity of trophic networks, were positively associated with multifunctionality. The relative effects of diversity on multifunctionality increased at the scale of the larger community compared to a scale accounting for neighboring interactions. Our results highlight the paramount importance of scale- and context-dependent multitrophic diversity and interactions for a better understanding of mountain ecosystem multifunctionality in a changing world.
Journal Article
Bacterial communities in different sections of a municipal wastewater treatment plant revealed by 16S rDNA 454 pyrosequencing
In this study, we successfully demonstrated that 454 pyrosequencing was a powerful approach for investigating the bacterial communities in the activated sludge, digestion sludge, influent, and effluent samples of a full scale wastewater treatment plant treating saline sewage. For each sample, 18,808 effective sequences were selected and utilized to do the bacterial diversity and abundance analysis. In total, 2,455, 794, 1,667, and 1,932 operational taxonomic units were obtained at 3 % distance cutoff in the activated sludge, digestion sludge, influent, and effluent samples, respectively. The corresponding most dominant classes in the four samples are
Alphaproteobacteria
,
Thermotogae
,
Deltaproteobacteria
, and
Gammaproteobacteria
. About 67 % sequences in the digestion sludge sample were found to be affiliated with the
Thermotogales
order. Also, these sequences were assigned into a recently proposed genus
Kosmotoga
by the Ribosomal Database Project classifier
.
In the effluent sample, we found high abundance of
Mycobacterium
and
Vibrio
, which are genera containing pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, in this study, we proposed a method to differentiate the “gene percentage” and “cell percentage” by using Ribosomal RNA Operon Copy Number Database.
Journal Article
Bio-organic fertilizer with reduced rates of chemical fertilization improves soil fertility and enhances tomato yield and quality
The extensive use of chemical fertilizers poses serious collateral problems such as environmental pollution, pest resistance development and food safety decline. Researches focused on applying plant-beneficial microorganisms to partially replace chemical fertilizer use is increasing due to the requirement of sustainable agriculture development. Thus to investigate the possibility of a plant-beneficial
Trichoderma
strain and its bio-organic fertilizer product in saving chemical fertilizer application and in improving crop quality, a field trial and continuous pot experiments were carried out with tomato. Four treatments were set up: a reduced application of chemical fertilizer (75% of the conventional application) plus
Trichoderma
-enriched bio-organic fertilizer (BF), organic fertilizer (OF) or
Trichoderma
spore suspension (SS), with using the 100% rate of the conventional chemical fertilizer as the control (CF). The results showed that the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and –up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF). And both of the pot and field trials revealed that reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer produced tomato yields equivalent to those obtained using the 100% of the chemical fertilizer. However, application with the inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6–38% and 9–35% over the control. Since the increased abundance of soil microflora and the enhanced soil fertility frequently showed positive linear correlations especially in the BF-treated soils, we conclude that the efficacy of this bio-organic fertilizer for maintaining a stable tomato yield and improving tomato quality may be due to the improved soil microbial activity. Thus, the results suggest that the
Trichoderma
bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizers to get maximum benefits regarding yield, quality and fertilizer savings.
Journal Article
Microbial community structure and function in aerobic granular sludge
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a self-immobilized microbial consortium containing different functional microorganisms, is receiving growing attention, since it has shown great technological and economical potentials in the field of wastewater treatment. Microbial community is crucial for the formation, stability, and pollutant removal efficiency of aerobic granules. This mini-review systematically summarizes the recent findings of the microbial community structure and function of AGS and discusses the new research progress in the microbial community dynamics during the granulation process and spatial distribution patterns of the microbiota in AGS. The presented information may be helpful for the in-depth theoretical study and practical application of AGS technology in the future.
Journal Article