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سبع ليال في حدائق الورد : قصص قصيرة من الصين
(سبع ليال في حدائق الورد) هي مجموعة قصصية صينية تضم عدة أبطال من منطقة (الممرات الثلاثة) قصة مغن فلكلوري فقد عصا الغناء الخاصة به ولا يعلم كيف يكمل مساره في الغناء. وقصة شاب ريفي يقتحم منزل مشهورة. ويتهمونه بالسرقة ولا يعلم هل هو تسبب في إيذائها حقا أم لا. وقصة شاب ريفي فقد أسرته كلها ويعاني من وحدته ولا يعلم مصير حياته من بعد أسرته. وقصة فتاة ريفية تبحث عن شريك حياتها المناسب. وتواجه اتهامات مجتمعها بأن لا تستطيع أن تجده بسببها. يربطهم إطار من المشاعر العاطفية الجميلة الممزوجة بالحزن. يعتمدون على الأغنية كوسيلتهم لحفظ أشعارهم. وتتناول القصص الحياة الحديثة في الصين، كما تتناول الكثير من عاداتهم وتقاليدهم الاجتماعية المعاصرة. وتناقش المجموعة القصصية معاناة الصينيين الذين يعيشون في القرى والريف مقارنة بحياة الصينيين الذين يعيشون في المدن المتحضرة.
Book
Observation of Coulomb gap in the quantum spin Hall candidate single-layer 1T’-WTe2
The two-dimensional topological insulators host a full gap in the bulk band, induced by spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect, together with the topologically protected gapless edge states. However, it is usually challenging to suppress the bulk conductance and thus to realize the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect. In this study, we find a mechanism to effectively suppress the bulk conductance. By using the quasiparticle interference technique with scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the QSH candidate single-layer 1
T
’-WTe
2
has a semimetal bulk band structure with no full SOC-induced gap. Surprisingly, in this two-dimensional system, we find the electron–electron interactions open a Coulomb gap which is always pinned at the Fermi energy (
E
F
). The opening of the Coulomb gap can efficiently diminish the bulk state at the
E
F
and supports the observation of the quantized conduction of topological edge states.
The conductance from bulk bands in a topological insulator usually blurs effects arising from edge states. Here, Song et al. report a Coulomb gap opened by electron–electron interactions, which effectively suppress the bulk conductance and promote observation of topological edge states in the single-layer 1
T
’-WTe
2
.
Journal Article
Retrieval of Water Quality from UAV-Borne Hyperspectral Imagery: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms
The rapidly increasing world population and human activities accelerate the crisis of the limited freshwater resources. Water quality must be monitored for the sustainability of freshwater resources. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne hyperspectral data can capture fine features of water bodies, which have been widely used for monitoring water quality. In this study, nine machine learning algorithms are systematically evaluated for the inversion of water quality parameters including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended solids (SS) with UAV-borne hyperspectral data. In comparing the experimental results of the machine learning model on the water quality parameters, we can observe that the prediction performance of the Catboost regression (CBR) model is the best. However, the prediction performances of the Multi-layer Perceptron regression (MLPR) and Elastic net (EN) models are very unsatisfactory, indicating that the MLPR and EN models are not suitable for the inversion of water quality parameters. In addition, the water quality distribution map is generated, which can be used to identify polluted areas of water bodies.
Journal Article
Design and Test of an Integrated Measurement System for Multi-Hole Probe Calibration and Vortex Measurement
Multi-hole probes can simultaneously measure the velocity and direction of a flow field, obtain the distribution of the flow field in a three-dimensional space, and obtain the vortex information in the flow field. Moreover, a multi-hole probe needs to be calibrated while in use; therefore, a three-coordinate, multi-directional rotatable testing system, which can measure the flow field at any position and at any angle, was designed herein. A hemispherical seven-hole probe was calibrated with this test system, and the flow field around cylinders of different diameters was measured to obtain the pressure distribution and vortex shedding frequency. Furthermore, the designed test system’s ability to perform a multi-angle and multi-azimuth testing during the calibration of a multi-hole probe was verified. Simultaneously, through data mining of the multi-hole probe, vortices were measured, and periodic vortices were detected.
Journal Article
Photoredox cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene/palladium-catalysed alkylacylation of alkenes
Three-component carboacylation of simple alkenes with readily available reagents is challenging. Transition metal-catalysed intermolecular carboacylation works for alkenes with strained ring or directing groups. Herein, we develop a photoredox cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene/Pd-catalysed alkylacylation of simple alkenes with aldehydes and unactivated alkyl halides to provide ketones in good yields. This multicomponent coupling reaction features a wide scope of alkenes, broad functional group compatibility and free of exogenous photosensitizer or external reductant. In addition, a series of chlorinated cyclopropanes with one or two vicinal quaternary carbons is obtained when chloroform or carbon tetrachloride is used as the alkyl halide. The reaction involves the alkyl radicals from halides and the ketyl radicals from aldehydes under photoredox cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene/Pd catalysis.
Three-component carboacylation of simple alkenes often requires directing groups and strained substrates. Here, the authors report a photoredox N-heteroyclic carbene/Pd-catalysed alkylacylation of alkenes with aldehydes and unactivated alkyl halides; exogenous photosensitizer or external reductant are not required.
Journal Article
Mindin Activates Autophagy for Lipid Utilization and Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that has had a serious influence on worldwide shrimp farming in the last 30 years. We have demonstrated that WSSV hijacks host autophagy and lipid metabolism for reproduction in kuruma shrimp ( Marsupenaeus japonicus ). These findings revealed the mechanism by which WSSV exploits host machinery for its infection and provided serial targets for WSSV prevention and control in shrimp farming. Mindin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is involved in regulating cellular events through interacting with integrin. Studies have demonstrated its role in host immunity, including phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production. However, the function of Mindin in the host-virus interaction is largely unknown. In the present study, we report that Mindin facilitates virus infection by activating lipid utilization in an arthropod, kuruma shrimp ( Marsupenaeus japonicus ). Shrimp Mindin facilitates white spot syndrome virus infection by facilitating viral entry and replication. By activating autophagy, Mindin induces lipid droplet consumption, the hydrolysis of triglycerides into free fatty acids, and ATP production, ultimately providing energy for virus infection. Moreover, integrin is essential for Mindin-mediated autophagy and lipid utilization. Therefore, by revealing the mechanism by which Mindin facilitates virus infection through regulating lipid metabolism, the present study reveals the significance of Mindin in the host-virus interaction. IMPORTANCE White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that has had a serious influence on worldwide shrimp farming in the last 30 years. We have demonstrated that WSSV hijacks host autophagy and lipid metabolism for reproduction in kuruma shrimp ( Marsupenaeus japonicus ). These findings revealed the mechanism by which WSSV exploits host machinery for its infection and provided serial targets for WSSV prevention and control in shrimp farming.
Journal Article
Realization of large-area ultraflat chiral blue phosphorene
Blue phosphorene (BlueP), a theoretically proposed phosphorous allotrope with buckled honeycomb lattice, has attracted considerable interest due to its intriguing properties. Introducing chirality into BlueP can further enrich its physical and chemical properties, expanding its potential for applications. However, the synthesis of chiral BlueP remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the growth of large-area BlueP films on Cu(111), with lateral size limited by the wafer dimensions. Importantly, we discovered that the BlueP is characterized by an ultraflat honeycomb lattice, rather than the prevailing buckled structure, and develops highly ordered spatial chirality plausibly resulting from the rotational stacking with the substrate and interface strain release, as further confirmed by the geometric phase analysis. Moreover, spectroscopic measurements reveal its intrinsic metallic nature and different characteristic quantum oscillations in the image-potential states, which can be exploited for a range of potential applications including polarization optics, spintronics, and chiral catalysis.
Blue phosphorene (BlueP) is a 2D phosphorus allotrope predicted to host Dirac fermions and other interesting electronic properties. Here, the authors report the growth of large-area BlueP films with ordered chiral nanostructures on Cu(111) substrates, expanding the range of its potential applications.
Journal Article
Long non-coding RNA CIR inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by epigenetically suppressing ATOH8 via methyltransferase EZH2
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disorder, leading to joint malfunction and disability. Although the incidence of OA is increasing globally, the treatment of OA is very limited. LncRNA CIR has been implicated in OA through unclear mechanisms. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNA CIR in chondrogenic differentiation.
Methods
Human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were obtained from human umbilical cords. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the surface markers of hUC-MSCs. Various culture conditions and corresponding staining assays were employed to assess the differentiation abilities of hUC-MSC. qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunostaining were used to measure expression levels of related genes and proteins such as lncRNA CIR, ATOH8, EZH2, and H3K27me3. RNA immunoprecipitation assay, biotin pull-down, and chromatin immunoprecipitaion assay were performed to analyze the interactions of lncRNA CIR, EZH2, H3K27me3 and ATOH8 promoter.
Results
hUC-MSCs exhibited MSCs features and could differentiate into chondrocytes under specific conditions. LncRNA CIR was downregulated while ATOH8 was upregulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs. Knockdown lncRNA CIR or overexpression of ATOH8 promoted chondrogenic differentiation. Further, lncRNA CIR bound to EZH2 and repressed ATOH8 expression via EZH2-mediated H3K27me3, which promotes the methylation of ATOH8. Inhibition of ATOH8 reversed the effects of knockdown lncRNA CIR on chondrogenic differentiation.
Conclusion
LncRNA CIR suppresses chondrogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs. Mechanistically, lncRNA CIR could inhibit ATOH8 expression that functions to promote chondrogenic differentiation through EZH2-mediated epigenetic modifications.
Journal Article
Multi-Scale and Occlusion Aware Network for Vehicle Detection and Segmentation on UAV Aerial Images
With the advantage of high maneuverability, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely deployed in vehicle monitoring and controlling. However, processing the images captured by UAV for the extracting vehicle information is hindered by some challenges including arbitrary orientations, huge scale variations and partial occlusion. In seeking to address these challenges, we propose a novel Multi-Scale and Occlusion Aware Network (MSOA-Net) for UAV based vehicle segmentation, which consists of two parts including a Multi-Scale Feature Adaptive Fusion Network (MSFAF-Net) and a Regional Attention based Triple Head Network (RATH-Net). In MSFAF-Net, a self-adaptive feature fusion module is proposed, which can adaptively aggregate hierarchical feature maps from multiple levels to help Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) deal with the scale change of vehicles. The RATH-Net with a self-attention mechanism is proposed to guide the location-sensitive sub-networks to enhance the vehicle of interest and suppress background noise caused by occlusions. In this study, we release a large comprehensive UAV based vehicle segmentation dataset (UVSD), which is the first public dataset for UAV based vehicle detection and segmentation. Experiments are conducted on the challenging UVSD dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient in detecting and segmenting vehicles, and outperforms the compared state-of-the-art works.
Journal Article
Deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through deubiquitinating and stabilizing Smad4 protein
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most prevalent life‐threatening cancers, and the high mortality rate is largely due to the metastasis. The sustained activation of Smad4 and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is closely associated with advanced HCC metastasis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the aberrant activation of Smad4 and TGF‐β pathway remains elusive. In this study, using a functional screen of USPs siRNA library, we identified ubiquitin‐specific proteases USP10 as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that sustains the protein level of Smad4 and activates TGF‐β signaling. Further analysis showed that USP10 directly interacts with Smad4 and stabilizes it through the cleavage of its proteolytic ubiquitination, thus promoting HCC metastasis. The suppression of USP10 by either shRNAs or catalytic inhibitor Spautin‐1 significantly inhibited the migration of HCC cells, whereas the reconstitution of Smad4 was able to efficiently rescue this defect. Overall, our study not only uncovers the regulatory effect of USP10 on the protein abundance of Smad4, but also indicates that USP10 could be regarded as a potential intervention target for the metastatic HCC in Smad4‐positive patients. Ubiquitin‐specific protease USP10 was shown to activate TGF‐β signaling and promote the metastasis of advanced HCC by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Smad4. Depletion of USP10 or inhibition of the USP10 catalytic activity by use of the small‐molecule inhibitor Spautin‐1 significantly repressed HCC metastasis, whereas reconstitution with Smad4 could efficiently rescue the metastatic phenotype.
Journal Article