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"Ye-cheng, Yang"
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غبار تحت الشمس : قصص قصيرة
يعرض الكتاب بين دفتيه قصصا قصيرة لعادات الأقليات الصينية، وسلوكيات العائلات في المناسبات الدينية والاحتفالات الأخرى المختلفة، وتتباين فيها الشخصيات والزمان والمكان، لتضع القارئ أمام رسم أدبي يشرح حياة الأقليات الصينية المليئة بالتفاصيل والمفارقات. الكتاب من تأليف: يه شنغ فو، وترجمة عن الصينية.
Book
Adenine base-editing-mediated exon skipping induces gene knockout in cultured pig cells
Gene-knockout pigs have important applications in agriculture and medicine. Compared with CRISPR/Cas9, Adenine base editor (ABE) convert single A·T pairs to G·C pairs in the genome without generating DNA double-strand breaks, and this method has higher accuracy and biosafety in pig genetic modification. However, the application of ABE in pig gene knockout is limited by protospacer-adjacent motif sequences and the base-editing window. Alternative mRNA splicing is an important mechanism underlying the formation of proteins with diverse functions in eukaryotes. Spliceosome recognizes the conservative sequences of splice donors and acceptors in a precursor mRNA. Mutations in these conservative sequences induce exon skipping, leading to proteins with novel functions or to gene inactivation due to frameshift mutations. In this study, adenine base-editing-mediated exon skipping was used to expand the application of ABE in the generation of gene knockout pigs. We first constructed a modified “all-in-one” ABE vector suitable for porcine somatic cell transfection that contained an ABE for single-base editing and an sgRNA expression cassette. The “all-in-one” ABE vector induced efficient sgRNA-dependent A-to-G conversions in porcine cells during single base-editing of multiple endogenous gene loci. Subsequently, an ABE system was designed for single adenine editing of the conservative splice acceptor site (AG sequence at the 3′ end of the intron 5) and splice donor site (GT sequence at the 5′ end of the intron 6) in the porcine gene GHR; this method achieved highly efficient A-to-G conversion at the cellular level. Then, porcine single-cell colonies carrying a biallelic A-to-G conversion in the splice acceptor site in the intron 5 of GHR were generated. RT-PCR indicated exon 6 skipped at the mRNA level. Western blotting revealed GHR protein loss, and gene sequencing showed no sgRNA-dependent off-target effects. These results demonstrate accurate adenine base-editing-mediated exon skipping and gene knockout in porcine cells. This is the first proof-of-concept study of adenine base-editing-mediated exon skipping for gene regulation in pigs, and this work provides a new strategy for accurate and safe genetic modification of pigs for agricultural and medical applications.
Journal Article
Identification of molecular markers linked to rice bacterial blight resistance genes from Oryza meyeriana
Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa cv. Dalixiang and the wild rice species Oryza meyeriana. Inoculation with a range of strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae showed that Y73 had inherited a high level of resistance to rice bacterial blight (BB) from its wild parent. An F2 population of 7125 individuals was constructed from the cross between Y73 and a BB-susceptible cultivar IR24. After testing 615 SSR and STS markers covering the 12 rice chromosomes, 186 markers were selected that showed polymorphism between Y73 and IR24. Molecular markers linked to the BB resistance genes in Y73 were scanned using the F2 population and the polymorphic markers. The SSR marker RM128 on chromosome 1, the STS marker R03D159 on chromosome 3 and the STS marker R05D104 on chromosome 5 were found to be linked to the rice BB resistance genes in Y73.
Journal Article
Structural insights into the TRIM family of ubiquitin E3 ligases
TRIM proteins play important roles in a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, dif- ferentiation, development, apoptosis, oncogenesis and innate immunity [1, 2]. The N-terminal regions of all TRIM proteins contain a RING finger domain followed by one or two B-box domains and a coiled-coil domain （CCD）. The RING-finger domain comprises conserved cysteine and histidine residues that bind two zinc atoms in a ＇cross-brace＇ arrangement, and is essential for recruiting the ubiquitin-charged ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes （E2-Ub）.
Journal Article
Unraveling Geometric-phase at Conical Intersection by Cavity-enhanced Two-dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy
The geometric phase is a fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon uniquely associated with conical intersections (CI) between potential energy surfaces and serves as a definitive signature of their presence. In this study, we propose a novel spectroscopic approach to directly detect the geometric phase using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) enhanced by strong light-matter interactions within an optical cavity. Focusing on a prototypical pentacene dimer undergoing singlet fission, we model the nonadiabatic wave packet dynamics as it evolves through a CI between electronically excited states. The optical cavity enables dynamic modulation of the coupling between the optical field and molecular vibrational modes, allowing precise control over the wave packet pathways. Importantly, we identify a cancellation in the spectral amplitude, arising from phase differences accumulated along different trajectories, which serves as a clear spectroscopic manifestation of the geometric phase (GP). This cavity-enhanced 2DES framework not only enables direct observation of GP effects but also offers a versatile platform for probing ultrafast nonadiabatic processes. Our results provide fundamental insights into topological effects in molecular dynamics and pave the way for experimental strategies in quantum control, photochemistry, and the design of advanced optoelectronic materials.
Paper
Quantum Dynamics of Enantiomers in Chiral Optical Cavities
Chirality, the absence of mirror symmetry, is a fundamental molecular property with far-reaching consequences from chemistry to biology. Yet enantiosensitive optical responses are very weak. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework in which a chiral optical cavity under strong coupling directly lifts the degeneracy of opposite enantiomers at the electronic-dipole level. The cavity's parity-breaking field inside the cavity induces distinct site-energy shifts for left- versus right-handed molecules, producing robust enantioselective polariton states that overcome the weakness of traditional chiroptical effects. Using cavity quantum electrodynamics simulations, we show that strong light-matter coupling reshapes the polaritonic energy landscape and leads to enantiomer-specific coherence lifetimes and relaxation pathways. To reveal these dynamics, we propose ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) as a probe, capable of resolving polaritonic splittings on femtosecond timescales. Simulated 2DES spectra exhibit unambiguous enantioselective signatures of the cavity-induced asymmetry. These findings establish that chiral cavities provide a powerful platform for detecting and controlling molecular handedness beyond the limits of conventional optical methods.
Paper
Controlling Nonadiabatic Transitions Through Engineered Ultrafast Laser Fields at Conical Intersections
In this paper, we investigate coherent control of nonadiabatic dynamics at a conical intersection (CI) using engineered ultrafast laser pulses. Within a model vibronic system, we tailor pulse chirp and temporal profile and compute the resulting wave-packet population and coherence dynamics using projections along the reaction coordinate. This approach allows us to resolve the detailed evolution of wave-packets as they traverse the degeneracy region with strong nonadiabatic coupling. By systematically varying pulse parameters, we demonstrate that both chirp and pulse duration modulate vibrational coherence and alter branching between competing pathways, leading to controlled changes in quantum yield. Our results elucidate the dynamical mechanisms underlying pulse-shaped control near conical intersections and establish a general framework for manipulating ultrafast nonadiabatic processes.
Paper
Whole-genome sequencing of Chinese native goat offers biological insights into cashmere fiber formation
Cashmere evolved naturally in the goat, and almost all breeds of goat can produce more or less cashmere fibers. However, the genetic alterations underlying cashmere trait selection are still unclear.We sequenced 120 Chinese native goat including two cashmere goat breeds (Ujumain, Chaidamu) and six ordinary goat breeds (Jining Gray, Matou, Guizhou Black, Jintang Black, Yunnan Black Bone, Chengdu Brown). The genome-wide selective sweep of cashmere goat and ordinary goat revealed a novel set of candidate genes as well as pathways, such as Nuclear factor kappa-B and Wnt Signaling pathways. Of them, the LHX2 gene regulating hair follicle development, was evident from the strongest selection signal when comparing the Uhumqin cashmere goat and ordinary goat. Interestingly, we identified a 582bp deletion at 367 kb upstream of LHX2 with higher frequency in cashmere goats and their ancient relatives. This mutation probably rises along the breeding procedures, and is putatively responsible for cashmere production and diameter, as revealed by association studies. Luciferase assay shows that the deletion, which acts as an insulator, restrains the expression of LHX2 by interfering its upstream enhancers.Our study discovers a novel insulator of the LHX2 involved in regulating cashmere production and diameter, which would be beneficial to understanding hair follicle development and regeneration. Our findings also provide new insights into the genetic formation of cashmere, and facilitate subsequent molecular breeding for cashmere goat improvement.
Paper
Double charge flips of polyamide membrane by ionic liquid-decoupled bulk and interfacial diffusion for on-demand nanofiltration
Fine design of surface charge properties of polyamide membranes is crucial for selective ionic and molecular sieving. Traditional membranes face limitations due to their inherent negative charge and limited charge modification range. Herein, we report a facile ionic liquid-decoupled bulk/interfacial diffusion strategy to elaborate the double charge flips of polyamide membranes, enabling on-demand transformation from inherently negative to highly positive and near-neutral charges. The key to these flips lies in the meticulous utilization of ionic liquid that decouples intertwined bulk/interfacial diffusion, enhancing interfacial while inhibiting bulk diffusion. These charge-tunable polyamide membranes can be customized for impressive separation performance, for example, profound Cl
−
/SO
4
2−
selectivity above 470 in sulfate recovery, ultrahigh Li
+
/Mg
2+
selectivity up to 68 in lithium extraction, and effective divalent ion removal in pharmaceutical purification, surpassing many reported polyamide nanofiltration membranes. This advancement adds a new dimension to in the design of advanced polymer membranes via interfacial polymerization.
Currently polyamide membranes fabricated by interfacial polymerization are limited by inherently negative charge as well as narrow charge tailoring window restricting the application of these membranes. Here, the authors report a facile ionic liquid-decoupled bulk/interfacial diffusion strategy to fabricate polyamide membranes which can transform on-demand from inherently negative to highly positive and near-neutral charge.
Journal Article
Melatonin-stimulated MSC-derived exosomes improve diabetic wound healing through regulating macrophage M1 and M2 polarization by targeting the PTEN/AKT pathway
Background
After surgery, wound recovery in diabetic patients may be disrupted due to delayed inflammation, which can lead to undesired consequences, and there is currently a lack of effective measures to address this issue. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exo) have been proven to be appropriate candidates for diabetic wound healing through the anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether melatonin (MT)-pretreated MSCs-derived exosomes (MT-Exo) could exert superior effects on diabetic wound healing, and we attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Methods
For the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of MT-Exo, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. For in vitro research, we detected the secreted levels of inflammation-related factors, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 via ELISA and the relative gene expression of the IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, Arg-1 and iNOS via qRT-PCR and investigated the expression of PTEN, AKT and p-AKT by Western blotting. For in vivo study, we established air pouch model and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic wound model, and evaluated the effect of MT-Exo by flow cytometry, optical imaging, H&E staining, Masson trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR (α-SMA, collagen I and III).
Results
MT-Exo significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α and reduced the relative gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS, while promoting the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 along with increasing the relative expression of IL-10 and Arg-1, compared with that of the PBS, LPS and the Exo groups in vitro. This effect was mediated by the increased ratio of M2 polarization to M1 polarization through upregulating the expression of PTEN and inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT. Similarly, MT-Exo significantly promoted the healing of diabetic wounds by inhibiting inflammation, thereby further facilitating angiogenesis and collagen synthesis in vivo.
Conclusions
MT-Exo could promote diabetic wound healing by suppressing the inflammatory response, which was achieved by increasing the ratio of M2 polarization to M1 polarization through activating the PTEN/AKT signalling pathway, and the pretreatment of MT was proved to be a promising method for treating diabetic wound healing.
Graphical abstract: MT-Exo promotes diabetic wound healing by regulating M1 and M2 macrophage polarization.
Journal Article