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In the article the economic and legal problems connected with small and medium-sized commodity producers’ credit have been analyzed. It has been proved that in Ukraine, unlike foreign countries, the mechanism of easing credits remains virtually the only financial instrument aimed at developing credit relations in the agrarian sector of the economy. It is noted that in the mentioned sphere the provisions of the Ukrainian Law «On State Support to Agriculture in Ukraine» are not fully implemented. In particular, the requirements concerning the size of the credit subsidy, the possibility of obtaining compensation for long-term credits and credits received in foreign currency aren’t performed. Taking into account the aforementioned, as well as reducing the amount of financing of the corresponding state program by 4.5 times, the authors have concluded that these legislative requirements are mainly declarative. Thus, ensuring in practice the access to the cheap credit resources for small and medium-sized agricultural producers shall become one of the important tasks of the state agricultural policy.

Purpose. To substantiate the institutional framework for the synergistic resilience management of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine. Methodology. The study of resilience management of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine is based on a synergistic approach. The abstract-logical, deductive and synthesis methods are used for theoretical summarization and conclusions. The method of generalization and abstraction is used to determine the factors of ecosystem resilience and the principles of managing the resilience of socio-ecological and economic development. The monographic method and the method of system analysis are used to define the essence of resilience of socio-ecological and economic development and to elaborate conceptual frameworks for management in the context of post-war resilient management. The method of formalization is used to develop structural and logical schemes for managing the resilience of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine. The graphic method is used for schematic presentation of certain theoretical statements of the studied phenomena and processes. Findings. The classification of ecosystem resilience factors has been updated. Conceptual framework of resilience management of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine, as well as a scheme for streamlining the process of forming a model of resilient socio-ecological and economic development in the post-war period by the main areas of activity, has been worked out. The conceptual framework of change management in the context of building a post-war type of resilient management has been specified. The scheme of combinatorial management actions in resilient socio-ecological and economic systems has been suggested. Originality. The conceptual model for resilience management of the socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine based on a synergistic approach has been substantiated, which allows taking into account the nonlinear, self-organizing nature of the interaction between social, economic and environmental subsystems. The classification of ecosystem resilience factors has been improved, taking into account the synergistic effects of interaction between institutional, social, economic and natural components, which allows for the formation of flexible strategies for responding to crisis situations. Practical value. Adoption of the conceptual framework of a synergistic approach to resilience management in the socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine makes it possible to achieve flexibility, adaptability of the economic system, the ability to return to a stable state after passing through bifurcation points, and to recover at the cost of its own resources and growth drivers.

Coatings Fe-Co-Mo with a composition of 47 at.% iron, 28 at.% Cobalt and 25 at.% Molybdenum were deposited from citrate electrolyte using pulse electrolysis mode. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy have established the surface morphology and topography. It was identified the parts with a globular structure which have an average size of 0.2-0.5μm and singly located sharp grains. Within the same scan area sites with developed surface were detected the topography of which is identical to the crystal structure of cobalt with the crystallites size of 0.2-1.75μm. The parameters Ra and Rq for parts with different morphology as well as average characteristics of coatings demonstrated the low roughness of the surface. It is found that the coercive force of Fe-Co-Mo films is 7-10 Oe, which allow us to classify the Fe-Co-Mo coatings as soft magnetic materials.

Purpose. To substantiate the institutional framework for the synergistic resilience management of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine. Methodology. The study of resilience management of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine is based on a synergistic approach. The abstract-logical, deductive and synthesis methods are used for theoretical summarization and conclusions. The method of generalization and abstraction is used to determine the factors of ecosystem resilience and the principles of managing the resilience of socio-ecological and economic development. The monographic method and the method of system analysis are used to define the essence of resilience of socio-ecological and economic development and to elaborate conceptual frameworks for management in the context of post-war resilient management. The method of formalization is used to develop structural and logical schemes for managing the resilience of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine. The graphic method is used for schematic presentation of certain theoretical statements of the studied phenomena and processes. Findings. The classification of ecosystem resilience factors has been updated. Conceptual framework of resilience management of socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine, as well as a scheme for streamlining the process of forming a model of resilient socio-ecological and economic development in the post-war period by the main areas of activity, has been worked out. The conceptual framework of change management in the context of building a post-war type of resilient management has been specified. The scheme of combinatorial management actions in resilient socio-ecological and economic systems has been suggested. Originality. The conceptual model for resilience management of the socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine based on a synergistic approach has been substantiated, which allows taking into account the nonlinear, self-organizing nature of the interaction between social, economic and environmental subsystems. The classification of ecosystem resilience factors has been improved, taking into account the synergistic effects of interaction between institutional, social, economic and natural components, which allows for the formation of flexible strategies for responding to crisis situations. Practical value. Adoption of the conceptual framework of a synergistic approach to resilience management in the socio-ecological and economic development of Ukraine makes it possible to achieve flexibility, adaptability of the economic system, the ability to return to a stable state after passing through bifurcation points, and to recover at the cost of its own resources and growth drivers.

One of the trends in the development of the market of alternative motor fuels is the production and use of biofuels, biodiesel in particular. Biodiesel which is used by domestic farmers is mainly self-produced. The current situation is related, first of all, to the lack of a single standard (regulation) for biodiesel production technology and is not enshrined in any legal act in Ukraine. In the conditions of the market functioning, agricultural producers face various risk factors, in particular, instability of prices for fuels and lubricants, monopolization of certain regions or market segments by traders, low quality of fuel, etc. Conditions of biodiesel production, as well as other economic activities, usually require the creation or involvement of labor, financial and material resources, which also affects the change in the level of risk. These problems can be solved by adapting and improving the existing mathematical apparatus to risk assessment for biodiesel production projects by agricultural enterprises. The main legal act that allows to determine and assess the level of risk is the state standard of Ukraine «Risk Management. Methods of general risk assessment», which served as the methodological foundation of the study. We propose to use three main technological schemes of biodiesel production, namely: cyclic scheme of production with the use of catalysts; non-catalytic cyclic circuit and multi-reactor continuous circuit scheme. In order to analyze each of these schemes, it is proposed to analyze the feasibility of investment in terms of their effectiveness and tie-in to the risks of introducing innovative technologies. The developed methodology provides a substantiation for the choice of technological option for biodiesel production. An algorithm for calculating risks has been proposed for the introduction of biodiesel production, the preparation of business plans and the assessment of criticality of possible losses for the production. The use of methods of vector algebra and fuzzy logic in the formation of the mathematical model makes it possible to estimate the probability indicators of each risk. Keywords: biodiesel, risks, mathematical model, agriculture, risk assessment, risk assessment methods. JEL Classification C60, Q42 Formulas: 8; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 18.

Nowadays, the ileitis (proliferative enteropathy of pigs) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracelluaris causes several forms of the disease. Histological examinations are the important stages in diagnosing and detecting profound pathological changes in sick pig organs, decreasing their productivity and causing the deaths. Swine proliferative enteropathy (SPE) has reported for the Ukraine since 2008. For SPE the early diagnostics with different test systems is relevant. We evaluated the sick, forcibly killed and dead piglets of different ages in Ukrainian pig farms during 2018-2019 in animal fattening groups. Materials were taken from piglets aged 120-150 days in farms where the ileitis was diagnosed. To assess the complex of pathological and anatomical changes detected during autopsies of piglets, V.P. Shishkov’s methods were used. Thus, we revealed a characteristic morphology of proliferative lesions. We believed that the histological examination can serve as an important diagnostic method and an alternative to direct isolation of Lawsonia intracellularis, which is very difficult to cultivate. We determined that the histopathological changes in pig organs indicated a chronic effect caused by animal pathogen. We revealed that Lawsonia intracellularis caused the profound pathological changes in pig digestive tracts, which affected the functioning of all organs and tissues of animals and lead to severe disease and possible animal death. We suggested that the histological examination is an important step in diagnosing and detecting profound pathological changes in the organs of sick pigs, which caused the decrease in their productivity and deaths.

The aim of the article is to study entrepreneurial motivation and socio-psychological aspects that determine it. In the article, the urgency of the study of socio-psychological aspects of motivation is substantiated. The list and essence of concepts related to the concept “motivation” are specified. The features of personal needs of entrepreneurs are determined. The groups of entrepreneurial motives are considered. The psychological properties of an entrepreneur’s personality are examined. The role of the positive self-identity in providing entrepreneurial motivation is substantiated. The values and value orientations typical for entrepreneurs are determined. The peculiarities of the Ukrainian mentality that are most clearly traced in the activity and behavior of entrepreneurs are considered. Specific features of normative regulation of human behavior in modern society are determined.

Currently, developing the tax system and improving financial relations between the state and taxpayers are rather important aspects of reforming the economic situation and are relevant to this study. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the scientific approaches to the reform of modern tax systems and to identify effective directions for their practical implementation. This study focuses on an analysis of the history and the current state of the tax system in Ukraine, the identification of existing deficiencies in the Ukrainian tax system, a comparative analysis of the foreign tax systems, and an evaluation of the tax experience of developed countries in the context of its implementation in Ukrainian economic reality. This study is based on the following current scientific conceptions and methods: fiscal methods to defend the state’s interests; theory, methodology and practice of budget-forming tax use, in particular, various types of tax rates (proportional, progressive, and regressive); constructive-critical analysis of tax policy development and the ways to reform it; and theoretical approaches to the definition of tax administration and directions for reforming and improving its efficiency. The following research results have been substantiated and proposed for implementation: the use of preventive taxation aimed to avoid tax evasion and to provide effective protection of the fiscal interests of the state; the reform of the corporate income tax by transition from a proportional rate to a regressive rate; the abandonment of the proportional rate and the use of a less harsh progressive rate of the personal income tax; the shift in priority in tax control from planned continuous tax audits to tax investigations; and the introduction of direct methods for determining tax liabilities into tax administration practice.

The aim of the article is to study entrepreneurial motivation and socio-psychological aspects that determine it. In the article, the urgency of the study of socio-psychological aspects of motivation is substantiated. The list and essence of concepts related to the concept «motivation» are specified. The features of personal needs of entrepreneurs are determined. The groups of entrepreneurial motives are considered. The psychological properties of an entrepreneur's personality are examined. The role of the positive self-identity in providing entrepreneurial motivation is substantiated. The values and value orientations typical for entrepreneurs are determined. The peculiarities of the Ukrainian mentality that are most clearly traced in the activity and behavior of entrepreneurs are considered. Specific features of normative regulation of human behavior in modern society are determined.

In the present study we investigated the association of a number of polymorphic changes in antioxidant system genes (SNPs rs1050450 in the GPX1 gene, rs1695 and rs1138272 in the GSTP1 gene and rs4880 in the MnSOD gene) with the risk of prostate cancer. The association of disease stage and PSA levels with specific genotypes was also analyzed. A study was conducted with the participation of 736 Russian men. We compared the frequency of occurrence of the studied alleles in patients with prostate cancer (392) to a control group (344) of men without a history of cancer. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Comparison of frequencies of alleles and genotypes were performed using logistic regression analysis. No statistically significant association with the risk of prostate cancer was found for any of the SNPs studied ( p  > 0.05). For SNP rs1695 in the GSTP1 gene, a correlation with cancer disease stage was observed: a GG genotype is significantly more common in patients with PCa in the 3rd and 4th stage than 1st and 2nd (OR[95%CI] = 2.66[1.15–6.18], p  = 0.02). Both studied SNPs of GSTP1 gene are associated with the level of PSA: the GG rs1695 and the TT rs1138272 genotypes are associated with higher PSA levels ( p  = 1.5*10 −3 ).