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The Einstein Probe (EP) satellite, dedicated to time-domain high-energy astrophysics and multimessenger astronomy, was recently launched and successfully put into operation. The Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT; 0.5–4 keV) on board has identified multiple gamma-ray burst (GRB) events, with an average duration of several hundred seconds. This duration is several times longer than the average duration of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) detected by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, which typically stands at several tens of seconds. Additionally, EP has detected some unknown X-ray transients whose connection to GRBs is uncertain, due to the absence of gamma-ray counterparts and efficient follow-up observation at multiple wavelengths. Several main factors could account for the longer time, including the Doppler effect of off-axis viewing, the spectral lag effect of the synchrotron spectrum of cooling electrons, and some unknown prolonged intrinsic X-ray activities. Our studies indicate that EP GRBs may primarily consist of off-axis-viewed bursts, forming a unique population among the GRB zoo, yet the intrinsic origin for the specific bursts could not be excluded. By analyzing the statistical properties of the historical LGRB samples, we explored observable properties of on-axis and off-axis LGRBs in the soft X-ray band. The predicted characteristics of off-axis-viewed GRBs, including the duration, the energy fluence, the low-energy spectral index, and the slopes of the Amati and Yonetoku relations, could be tested with a larger sample of GRB events detected by EP in the future.

We have developed a lightweight tool, RapidGBM, featuring a web-based interface and capabilities of rapid calculation of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) visibilities and performance of basic data analysis. It has two key features: (1) it can immediately check the visibility of Fermi-GBM for new transients, and (2) it can check the light curve and perform spectral analysis after the hourly Time-Tagged Event data are released. The visibility check and the response matrix generation required for spectral analysis can be achieved through the historical pointing file after the orbit calculation, even when the real-time pointing file is not yet available. As a case study, we apply the tool to EP240617a, an X-ray transient triggered by Einstein Probe (EP). We demonstrate the workflow of visibility checking, data processing, and spectral analysis for this event. The results suggest that EP240617a can be classified as an X-ray-rich gamma-ray burst and confirm the feasibility of using historical pointing files for rapid analysis. Further, we discuss possible physical interpretations of such events, including implications for jet launching and progenitor scenarios. Therefore, RapidGBM is expected to assist EP transient advocates, Space-based multiband astronomical Variable Objects Monitor burst advocates, and other members of the community in cross checking high-energy transients. Based on prompt emission parameter relations (e.g., Ep–Eγ,iso), it can also help identify peculiar GRBs (e.g., long-short burst, magnetar giant flare, etc.) and provide useful references (e.g., more accurate T0) for scheduling follow-up observations.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are luminous stellar explosions characterized by the ejection of relativistic jets. This work proposes a novel paradigm to study these GRB jets. By analyzing the timing information of prompt pulses and X-ray flares, in conjunction with the multiwavelength afterglow observations, we identify three distinct jets in the extraordinary GRB 060729, with initial bulk Lorentz factors ranging from approximately 20 to 80, smaller than typical values of >100. These three jets undergo two successive collisions, producing the observed pair of X-ray flares. Following these interactions, the system evolves into a fast, narrow jet and a slower, hollow jet that continues to propagate in the circumburst medium, evidenced by the notable twin bumps observed in the X-ray and optical afterglow of GRB 060729. Our findings demonstrate that the timing of the early emission enables us to measure the velocities of the GRB jets. The proposed paradigm enhances our understanding of jet dynamics and shock interactions and serves as a powerful tool for probing the physics of the central engine with the expanded sample in the current golden era of GRB research.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious millisecond-duration radio transients of extragalactic origin. Some of them repeat, while others apparently do not. Investigations of periodic activity in repeating FRB have been conducted to probe their origins. While periodicity in the burst rate has been reported, studies of periodicities in other properties, such as dispersion measure and rotation measure (RM), are sparse. FRB 20220529 was monitored by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope for nearly 3 yr, providing an opportunity to investigate periodicity in its observed properties. Here we report a possible period of ∼200 days in the RM evolution, with a significance of 4.1σ estimated via the Lomb–Scargle algorithm and 3.1σ with the phase-folding method. Periodicity in the burst rate was also investigated. It may indicate that the FRB progenitor is in a binary system, which is consistent with the significant RM increase and prompt recovery of this FRB on a week timescale. Other scenarios, such as a system with an intermediate-mass black hole, are also explored.

Background Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which Fc receptor‐like A (FCRLA) promotes renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to examine its significance in relation to tumor immune infiltration. Materials and Methods The correlation between FCRLA and data clinically related to RCC was explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), then validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) gene chip data. Enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed for FCRLA and its co‐expressed genes. FCRLA was knocked down in RCC cell lines to evaluate its impact on biological behavior. Then the potential downstream regulators of FCRLA were determined by western blotting, and rescue experiments were performed for verification. The relevance between FCRLA and various immune cells was analyzed through GSEA, TIMER, and GEPIA tools. TIDE and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to predict the effect of FCRLA in immunotherapy. Results Fc receptor‐like A was associated with clinical and T stages and could predict the M stage (AUC = 0.692) and 1–3‐ and 5‐year survival rates (AUC = 0.823, 0.834, and 0.862) of RCC patients. Higher expression of FCLRA predicted an unfavorable overall survival (OS) in TCGA‐RCC and GSE167573 datasets (p = 0.03, p = 0.04). FCRLA promoted the malignant biological behavior of RCC cells through the pERK1/2/‐MMP2 pathway and was associated with tumor immune microenvironment in RCC. Conclusion Fc receptor‐like A is positively correlated with poor outcomes in RCC patients and plays an oncogenic role in RCC through the pERK1/2‐MMP2 pathway. Patients with RCC might benefit from immunotherapy targeting FCRLA.

In 2014, Guangzhou City, South China, suffered from its worst outbreak of dengue fever in decades. Larval mosquito habitat surveillance was carried out by using android mobile devices in four study sites in May 2015. The habitats with larval mosquitoes were recorded as photo waypoints in OruxMaps or in videos. The total number of potential mosquito habitats was 342, of which 166 (49%) were found to have mosquito larvae or pupae. Small containers were the most abundant potential habitats, accounting for 26% of the total number. More mosquito larvae and pupae, were found in small containers than in other objects holding water, for example, potted or hydroponic plants (p < 0.05). Mosquito larvae were collected from all plastic road barriers, used tires, and underground water. Aedes albopictus larvae were found from small and large containers, stumps, among others. The overall route index (RI) was 11.3, which was 14.2 times higher than the grade C criteria of the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee (NPHCC), China. The higher RIs were found from the bird and flower markets, schools, and underground parking lots. The results indicated that Android mobile devices are a convenient and useful tool for surveillance of mosquito habitats, and the enhancement of source reduction may benefit the prevention and control of dengue vector mosquitoes.

Assembly is an important part in production and development of complex products. Flexible assembly retrieval is one of the key issues to find the reusable model. The main objective of this paper is to extend the model of ontology-based assembly design for model reuse. Firstly, we propose a representation of assembly structural data including topological structure, assembly semantics, and geometrical information. Secondly, we enrich assembly design (AsD) ontology for knowledge captured and shared in Web Ontology Language 2 Description Logic (OWL 2 DL) and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). And then, we define the matching strategies and similarity assessment for two matched models. Finally, we illustrate the validity of assembly design representation for model reuse through experiments.

The physical origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) remains uncertain. Although multiwavelength observations have been widely conducted, only Galactic FRB 20200428D is associated with an X-ray burst from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154. Here we present multiwavelength follow-up observations of the nearby bright FRB 20250316A, including the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), Einstein Probe (EP) X-ray mission, Chandra X-ray Observatory, Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST), and Space Variable Objects Monitor/Visible Telescope (SVOM/VT). The 13.08 hr FAST follow-up campaign without pulse detection requires an energy distribution flatter than those of well-known repeating FRBs, suggesting that this burst is likely a one-off event. A prompt EP follow-up and multiepoch observational campaign totaling >100 ks led to the detection of an X-ray source within the angular resolution of its Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT; 10″). A subsequent Chandra observation revealed this source to be offset by 7″ from the FRB position and established a 0.5–10 keV flux upper limit of 7.6 × 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 at the FRB position, corresponding to ∼1039 erg s−1 at the 40 Mpc distance of the host galaxy NGC 4141. These results set one of the most stringent limits on X-ray emission from a nonrepeating FRB, disfavoring ultraluminous X-ray sources as counterparts of apparently one-off FRBs and offering critical insights into afterglow models. Our study suggests that an arcsecond localization of both the FRB and its potential X-ray counterpart is essential for exploring the X-ray counterpart of an FRB.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are both linked to compact-object activity, yet their possible connection remains unclear. Here we perform a systematic search for spatial and temporal associations between FRBs in the second CHIME/FRB catalog and Swift GRBs. Instead of using the positional ellipses reported in the catalog, the full CHIME localization probability maps are adopted for spatial cross-matching. This yields 130 candidate pairs and increases the number of spatially consistent matches by a factor of several. A redshift consistency requirement reduces the sample to 45 pairs. Applying an additional temporal criterion, requiring long GRBs to precede FRBs and short GRBs to follow them, further reduces the sample to 26 candidates. Monte Carlo simulations show that the overall excess of associations is not statistically significant, and the distribution of matches across localization confidence levels is consistent with random expectations. However, potential associations may be diluted by localization uncertainties and a dominant background of chance coincidences. These results place constraints on any FRB-GRB connection and highlight the need for improved localization and larger samples.

As Web technology continues to develop, it has become increasingly common to use data stored on different clients. At the same time, federated learning has received widespread attention due to its ability to protect data privacy when let models learn from data which is distributed across various clients. However, most existing works assume that the client's data are fixed. In real-world scenarios, such an assumption is most likely not true as data may be continuously generated and new classes may also appear. To this end, we focus on the practical and challenging federated class-incremental learning (FCIL) problem. For FCIL, the local and global models may suffer from catastrophic forgetting on old classes caused by the arrival of new classes and the data distributions of clients are non-independent and identically distributed (non-iid). In this paper, we propose a novel method called Federated Class-Incremental Learning with PrompTing (FCILPT). Given the privacy and limited memory, FCILPT does not use a rehearsal-based buffer to keep exemplars of old data. We choose to use prompts to ease the catastrophic forgetting of the old classes. Specifically, we encode the task-relevant and task-irrelevant knowledge into prompts, preserving the old and new knowledge of the local clients and solving the problem of catastrophic forgetting. We first sort the task information in the prompt pool in the local clients to align the task information on different clients before global aggregation. It ensures that the same task's knowledge are fully integrated, solving the problem of non-iid caused by the lack of classes among different clients in the same incremental task. Experiments on CIFAR-100, Mini-ImageNet, and Tiny-ImageNet demonstrate that FCILPT achieves significant accuracy improvements over the state-of-the-art methods.