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We investigate the possibility of inducing the gravitational waves (GWs) with double peak energy spectrum from primordial scalar perturbations in inflationary models with three inflection points. Here the inflection points can be generated from a polynomial potential or generated from a Higgs-like ϕ4 potential with the running of quartic coupling. In such models, the inflection point at large scales predicts the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio to be consistent with current CMB constraints, and the other two inflection points generate two large peaks in the scalar power spectrum at small scales, which can induce GWs with a double peak energy spectrum. We find that for some choices of the parameters the double peak spectrum can be detected by future GW detectors, and one of the peaks around f≃10-9-10-8 Hz can also explain the recent NANOGrav signal. Moreover, the peaks of the power spectrum allow for the generation of primordial black holes, which accounts for a significant fraction of dark matter.

The decays of top quark t→cγ,t→cg,t→cZ,t→ch are extremely rare processes in the standard model (SM). The predictions on the corresponding branching ratios in the SM are too small to be detected in the future, hence any measurable signal for the processes at the LHC is a smoking gun for new physics. In the extension of minimal supersymmetric standard model with an additional local U(1)B--L gauge symmetry (B-LSSM), new gauge interaction and new flavor changing interaction affect the theoretical evaluations on corresponding branching ratios of those processes. In this work, we analyze those processes in the B-LSSM, under a minimal flavor violating assumption for the soft breaking terms. Considering the constraints from updated experimental data, the numerical results imply Br(t→cγ)∼5×10-7, Br(t→cg)∼2×10-6, Br(t→cZ)∼4×10-7 and Br(t→ch)∼3×10-9 in our chosen parameter space. Simultaneously, new gauge coupling constants gB,gYB in the B-LSSM can also affect the numerical results of Br(t→cγ,cg,cZ,ch).

Recently, the worldwide pulsar timing array(PTA) collaborations, such as the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array (CPTA), the European PulsarTiming Array (EPTA), the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) and the Parkers Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) published the analysis of PTA data, which is consistent with the Hellings–Downs curve, thus provides evidence for the existence of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (SGWB). In this paper, we will show that such SGWB signal observed by PTA can be explained by the gravitational waves (GWs) induced from double-inflection-point inflationary model in the framework of supergravity with a single chiral superfield. In this model, one of the inflection points leads to a large peak in the scalar power spectrum at small scales, and when this peak re-enters the horizon, it will induce GWs with the frequencies around nanohertz. In addition, we show that the high-density regions corresponding to the peak can collapse into planet-mass primordial black holes (PBHs), thus act as a component of dark matter (DM).

We analyze the lepton flavor violating decays τ → P l ( P = π , η , η ′ ; l = e , μ ) in the scenario of the minimal R-symmetric supersymmetric standard model. The prediction on the branching ratios BR ( τ → P e ) and BR ( τ → P μ ) is affected by the mass insertion parameters δ 13 and δ 23 , respectively. These parameters are constrained by the experimental bounds on the branching ratios BR( τ → e ( μ ) γ ) and BR( τ → 3 e ( μ ) ). The result shows Z penguin dominates the prediction on BR( τ → P l ) in a large region of the parameter space. The branching ratios for BR( τ → P l ) are predicted to be, at least, five orders of magnitude smaller than present experimental bounds and three orders of magnitude smaller than future experimental sensitivities.

Snakebite envenoming is a public health issue linked to high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Although antivenom has been the mainstay treatment for envenomed victims receiving medical care, the diverse therapeutic efficacy of the produced antivenom is a major limitation. Deinagkistrodon acutus is a venomous snake that poses significant concern of risks to human life in Taiwan, and successful production of antivenom against D. acutus envenoming remains a considerable challenge. Among groups of horses subjected to immunization schedules, few or none subsequently meet the quality required for further scale-up harvesting. The determinants underlying the variable immune responses of horses to D. acutus venom are currently unknown. In this study, we assessed the immunoprofiles of high-potency and low-potency horse plasma against D. acutus venom and explored the conspicuous differences between these two groups. Based on the results of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), acutolysin A was identified as the major component of venom proteins that immunoreacted differentially with the two plasma samples. Our findings indicate underlying differences in antivenoms with variable neutralization efficacies, and may provide valuable insights for improvement of antivenom production in the future.

The B-L symmetric SUSY model (B-LSSM) introduces a new Z ′ gauge boson and two singlet scalars, which indicates there are more neutralinos in the B-LSSM comparing with the minimal SUSY extension of standard model (MSSM). These new neutralinos provide more dark matter (DM) candidates in the B-LSSM, we find that the super partner of the new scalar singlet can serve as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and be considered as a DM candidate. The properties of this new DM candidate are analyzed in this work. Taking into account the experimental constraints on Higgs boson mass, B meson rare decays and muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment, the numerical results are obtained and presented. The properties of new DM candidate in the B-LSSM satisfy the observed relic density Ω h 2 and comply with the latest upper bounds on σ SI χ 1 0 - n , and its mass is expected to greater than 80 GeV approximately.

Antivenom remains the standard and most effective treatment for snakebite envenomation, yet batch-to-batch variability in neutralization potency, even under standardized immunization protocols, continues to present a significant challenge in antivenom production worldwide. This issue is particularly evident in the manufacturing of Deinagkistrodon acutus antivenom in Taiwan, where some hyperimmunized equines fail to achieve the required potency despite identical conditions. Previous studies identified a lower antibody titer against acutolysin A-a key metalloproteinase toxin in D. acutus venom-as a potential contributor to reduced efficacy. In this study, acutolysin A was purified from D. acutus venom using a two-step HPLC workflow, and specific antibodies were isolated from high-potency equine plasma via affinity chromatography. When supplemented into low-potency plasma, these antibodies markedly improved survival in a murine lethality model, providing direct in vivo evidence that anti-acutolysin A antibodies are a critical determinant of antivenom efficacy. To explore strategies for enhancing these antibody levels, we evaluated a supplemental boosting approach in which purified acutolysin A replaced crude venom during later immunization rounds. This regimen significantly increased titers against acutolysin A but reduced immunoreactivity toward other venom proteins, raising concerns about narrowing antigenic breadth. Collectively, our results highlight anti-acutolysin A antibodies as key determinants of D. acutus antivenom potency and demonstrate that their targeted supplementation can enhance neutralization efficacy, supporting antibody-based enhancement as a potential strategy to improve the potency of D. acutus antivenoms.

Applying effective Lagrangian method and on-shell scheme, we analyze the electroweak corrections to the rare decay b → s + γ from some special two loop diagrams in which a closed heavy fermion loop is attached to the virtual charged gauge bosons or Higgs. At the decoupling limit where the virtual fermions in inner loop are much heavier than the electroweak scale, we verify the final results satisfying the decoupling theorem explicitly when the interactions among Higgs and heavy fermions do not contain the nondecoupling couplings. Adopting the universal assumptions on the relevant couplings and mass spectrum of new physics, we find that the relative corrections from those two loop diagrams to the SM theoretical prediction on the branching ratio of B → X s γ can reach 5% as the energy scale of new physics Λ NP = 200GeV.

The rare decays \\[B X_s \\] and \\[B_s^0 ^+ ^-\\] are important to research new physics beyond the standard model (SM). In this work, we investigate two loop electroweak corrections to \\[B X_s \\] and \\[B_s^0 ^+ ^-\\] in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM with local \\[B-L\\] gauge symmetry (B-LSSM), under a minimal flavor violating assumption for the soft breaking terms. In this framework, new particles and new definition of squarks can affect the theoretical predictions of these two processes, with respect to the MSSM. Considering the constraints from updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the B-LSSM can fit the experimental data for the branching ratios of \\[B X_s \\] and \\[B_s^0 ^+ ^-\\]. The results of the rare decays also further constrain the parameter space of the B-LSSM.

We investigate the possibility to induce double peaks of gravitational wave(GW) spectrum from primordial scalar perturbations in inflationary models with three inflection points.Where the inflection points can be generated from a polynomial potential or generated from Higgs like \\(^4\\) potential with the running of quartic coupling.In such models, the inflection point at large scales predicts the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio consistent with current CMB constraints, and the other two inflection points generate two large peaks in the scalar power spectrum at small scales, which can induce GWs with double peaks energy spectrum. We find that for some choices parameters the double peaks spectrum can be detected by future GW detectors, and one of the peaks around \\(f10^-910^-8\\)Hz can also explain the recent NANOGrav signal. Moreover, the peaks of power spectrum allow for the generation of primordial black holes, which account for a significant fraction of dark matter.