Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
3,207
result(s) for
"Yin, Rong"
Sort by:
Cancer-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target of anti-cancer immunotherapy
Among all the stromal cells that present in the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant and critical components of the tumor mesenchyme, which not only provide physical support for tumor cells but also play a key role in promoting and retarding tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner. CAFs have also been involved in the modulation of many components of the immune system, and recent studies have revealed their roles in immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the tumorigenic significance, origin, and heterogeneity of CAFs, as well as the roles of different CAFs subtypes in distinct immune cell types. More importantly, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies that target CAFs to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
Journal Article
Biomarkers for cancer-associated fibroblasts
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the key component of tumor stromal. High heterogeneity of CAFs reflects in their origin, phenotype and function. Biological function which can be suggested by biomarkers of distinct CAF subgroups may be different, even opposite, just like water and fire. Identifying CAF subpopulations expressing different biomarkers and reconciling the relationship of the “water and fire” among distinct CAF subsets may be a breakthrough in tumor therapy. Herein, we briefly summarize the biomarkers commonly used or newly identified for distinct CAFs in terms of their features and potential clinical benefits.
Journal Article
\الحزام والطريق\ : مبادرة نحو عولمة شاملة
هذا الكتاب هو الأول من نوعه الذي يتناول مفهوم العولمة الشاملة في ضوء مبادرة \"الحزام والطريق\" الصينية التي أعلن عنها الرئيس الصيني عام 2013، وهو يضم تفسيرات شاملة للعولمة الاقتصادية التي تعد المحور الأساسي لمفهوم العولمة الشاملة، ويستعرض هذا الكتاب في قسمين رئيسيين، الخلفية التاريخية لمبادرة الحزام والطريق، منذ نشأة طريق الحرير القديم، كما يتناول مفهوم العولمة الاقتصادية وقيودها، والتوسع الاقتصادي العالمي قبل الحرب العالمية الثانية، وحدود العولمة الاقتصادية وإمكاناتها، بالإضافة إلى تغيرات نمط الاقتصاد العالمي، وتحولات التنمية الصينية، وفكر ودلالة بناء \"الحزام والطريق\"، بما في ذلك الدلالة الجغرافية والاقتصادية والتجارية وغيرها، كما يتناول العلاقة بين بناء \"الحزام والطريق\" و\"استراتيجية التنمية الإقليمية\"، وبناء ممرات نقل برية عابرة للحدود، وصناعة نموذج \"استراتيجية الانطلاق العالمية\"، وبناء منصة للانفتاح على العالم، بالإضافة إلى التعاون الثقافي بين البلدان الواقعة على طول الحزام والطريق. أما القسم الثاني من الكتاب فيضم عددا من الدراسات والبحوث الأكاديمية التي تتناول المحتوى العلمي لمبادرة \"الحزام والطريق\" وتعزيز السلام والتنمية العالمية من خلال \"روح طريق الحرير\" وكذلك نقاط سوء الفهم حول المبادرة، بالإضافة إلى لقاءات مع مراسلي أكبر الشبكات الإعلامية الصينية، التي تناولت قيادة حقبة جديدة من العولمة الشاملة من أجل بناء هيكل اقتصادي عالمي أكثر توازنا وشمولا.
Book
Fiber/Yarn-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs): Fabrication Strategy, Structure, and Application
With the demand of a sustainable, wearable, environmentally friendly energy source, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were developed. TENG is a promising method to convert mechanical energy from motion into electrical energy. The combination of textile and TENG successfully enables wearable, self-driving electronics and sensor systems. As the primary unit of textiles, fiber and yarn become the focus of research in designing of textile-TENGs. In this review, we introduced the preparation, structure, and design strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs in recent research. We discussed the structure design and material selection of fiber/yarn TENGs according to the different functions it realizes. The fabrication strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs into textile-TENG are provided. Finally, we summarize the main applications of existing textile TENGs and give forward prospects for their subsequent development.
Journal Article
Textural and chemical variations of micas as indicators for tungsten mineralization; evidence from highly evolved granites in the Dahutang tungsten deposit, south China
The Dahutang tungsten deposit, located in the Yangtze Block, South China, is one of the largest tungsten deposits in the world. Tungsten mineralization is closely related to Mesozoic granitic plutons. A drill core through a pluton in the Dalingshang ore block in the Central segment of the Dahutang tungsten deposit shows that the pluton is characterized by multi-stage intrusive phases including biotite granite, muscovite granite, and Li-mica granite. The granites are strongly peraluminous and rich in P and F. Decreasing bulk-rock (La/Yb)N ratios and total rare earth element (ΣREE) concentrations from the biotite granite to muscovite granite and Li-mica granite suggest an evolution involving the fractional crystallization of plagioclase. Bulk-rock Li, Rb, Cs, P, Sn, Nb, and Ta contents increase with decreasing Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios, denoting that the muscovite granite and Li-mica granite have experienced a higher degree of magmatic fractionation than the biotite granite. In addition, the muscovite and Li-mica granites show M-type lanthanide tetrad effect, which indicates hydrothermal alteration during the post-magmatic stage. The micas are classified as lithian biotite and muscovite in the biotite granite, muscovite in the muscovite granite, and Li-muscovite and lepidolite in the Li-mica granite. The Li, F, Rb, and Cs contents of micas increase, while FeOT, MgO, and TiO2 contents decrease with increasing degree of magmatic fractionation. Micas in the muscovite granite and Li-mica granite exhibit compositional zonation in which Si, Rb, F, Fe, and Li increase, and Al decreases gradually from core to mantle, consistent with magmatic differentiation. However, the outermost rim contains much lower contents of Si, Rb, F, Fe, and Li, and higher Al than the mantle domains due to metasomatism in the presence of fluids. The variability in W contents of the micas matches the variability in Li, F, Rb, and Cs contents, indicating that both the magmatic and hydrothermal evolutions were closely associated with W mineralization in the Dahutang deposit. The chemical zoning of muscovite and Li-micas not only traces the processes of W enrichment by magmatic differentiation and volatiles but also traces the leaching of W by the fluids. Therefore, micas are indicators not only for the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of granite, but also for tungsten mineralization.
Journal Article
Phytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alone or in combination, on Arabidopsis thaliana and their mutual effects on oxidative homeostasis
The extensive use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has raised concerns about their potentially harmful effects on the ecosystem. Despite previous reports of a variety of individual ENPs, the mutual effects of ENPs when used in combination were not well understood. In this study, we first investigated the effects of different sizes and concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the growth performance of
Arabidopsis thaliana
seedlings. Then, two concentrations of ZnO NP (40 and 50 mg/L) with a diameter of 90 nm and MWCNTs (100 and 500 mg/L) with an outer diameter of 40–60 nm were used to evaluate their respective or simultaneous phytotoxicity to Arabidopsis. The results showed that seedlings exposed to either ZnO NPs or MWCNTs exhibited significant phytotoxic symptoms. ZnO NPs caused stronger inhibitory effects than MWCNTs on several plant growth indices, including reduced root length, chlorophyll content, and increased ROS concentration. When applied together, the concurrent effects of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs on Arabidopsis seedlings appeared to be more negative, as evidenced not only by the further deterioration of several growth indices but also by their synergistic or additive regulation of the activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that in the presence of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs, the expression of genes important for maintaining cellular ROS homeostasis was differentially regulated in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. Overall, our data may provide new insights into how plants respond to more than one type of nanomaterial and help us better understand the associated environmental risks.
Journal Article
C-reactive protein and cancer risk: a pan-cancer study of prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization analysis
Background
Although observational studies have reported associations between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and risks of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer, inconsistent or absent evidences were showed for other cancers. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis to comprehensively assess the role of CRP, including linearity and non-linearity associations.
Methods
We analyzed 420,964 cancer-free participants from UK Biobank cohort. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to evaluate the observed correlation of CRP with overall cancer and 21 site-specific cancer risks. Furthermore, we performed linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses to explore the potential causal relation between them.
Results
During a median follow-up period of 7.1 years (interquartile range: 6.3, 7.7), 34,979 incident cancer cases were observed. Observational analyses showed higher CRP concentration was associated with increased risk of overall cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02 per 1mg/L increase,
P
< 0.001). There was a non-linear association between CRP and overall cancer risk with inflection point at 3mg/L (false-discovery rate adjust (FDR-adjusted)
P
overall
< 0.001 and FDR-adjusted
P
non-linear
< 0.001). For site-specific cancer, we observed positive linear associations for cancers of esophagus and stomach (FDR-adjusted
P
overall
< 0.050 and FDR-adjusted
P
non-linear
> 0.050). In addition, we also observed three different patterns of non-linear associations, including “fast-to-low increase” (head and neck, colorectal, liver, lung, kidney cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), “increase-to-decrease” (breast cancer), and “decrease-to-platform” (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Furthermore, the inflection points of non-linear association patterns were consistently at around 3mg/L. By contrast, there was no evidence for linear or non-linear associations between genetically predicted CRP and risks of overall cancer or site-specific cancers.
Conclusions
Our results indicated that CRP was a potential biomarker to assess risks of overall cancer and 12 site-specific cancers, while no association were observed for genetically-predicted CRP and cancer risks.
Journal Article
Radiation emergency medical countermeasures: Current formulary, identified gaps, and future approaches
Radiological or nuclear accidents can lead to serious outcomes for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation, with health effects that are either acute or delayed, deterministic or stochastic, depending on the effective dose of exposure. Mechanistically, ionizing radiation can inflict damage either directly on DNA or through oxidative stress, which may trigger a cascade of damages to tissues and organs. The development of effective radiation medical countermeasures is an unmet need and should be a top priority in preparing for radiation emergencies. This paper aims to address the critical questions of whether current countermeasures are available, what additional measures are needed, and what actions can be taken to enhance the development of radiation medical countermeasures from a systematic perspective.
Journal Article