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Event cameras respond to changes in log-brightness at the millisecond level, making them ideal for optical flow estimation. However, existing datasets from event cameras provide only low-frame-rate ground truth for optical flow, limiting the research potential of event-driven optical flow. To address this challenge, we introduce a low-latency event representation, unified voxel grid (UVG), and propose EVA-Flow, an EVent-based Anytime Flow estimation network to produce high-frame-rate event optical flow with only low-frame-rate optical flow ground truth for supervision. Furthermore, we propose rectified flow warp loss (RFWL) for the unsupervised assessment of intermediate optical flow. A comprehensive variety of experiments on MVSEC, DESC, and our EVA-FlowSet demonstrates that EVA-Flow achieves competitive performance, super-low-latency (5 ms), time-dense motion estimation (200 Hz), and strong generalization.

Reconstructing animatable humans, together with their surrounding static environments, from monocular, motion-blurred videos is still challenging for current neural rendering methods. Existing monocular human reconstruction approaches achieve impressive quality and efficiency, but they are designed for clean intensity inputs and mainly focus on the foreground human, leading to degraded performance under motion blur and incomplete scene modeling. Event cameras provide high temporal resolution and robustness to motion blur, making them a natural complement to standard video sensors. We present E-Sem3DGS, a semantically augmented 3D Gaussian Splatting framework that leverages hybrid event-intensity streams to jointly reconstruct explicit 3D volumetric representations of human avatars and static scenes. E-Sem3DGS maintains a single set of 3D Gaussians in Euclidean space, each endowed with a learnable semantic attribute that softly separates dynamic human and static scene content. We initialize human Gaussians from Skinned Multi-Person Linear (SMPL) model priors with semantic values set to 1 and scene Gaussians by sampling a surrounding cube with semantic values set to 0, then jointly optimize geometry, appearance, and semantics. To mitigate motion blur, we derive optical flow from events and use it to supervise image-based optical flow between rendered frames, enforcing temporal coherence in high-motion regions and sharpening both humans and backgrounds. On the motion-blurred ZJU-MoCap-Blur dataset, E-Sem3DGS improves the average full-frame PSNR from 21.75 to 32.56 (+49.7%) over previous methods. On MMHPSD-Blur, our method improves PSNR from 25.23 to 28.63 (+13.48%).

Constructing powerful anode/cathode interphases by modulate ion solvation structure is the principle of electrolyte design. However, the methodological and theoretical design principles of electrolyte/solvation structure and their effect on electrochemical performance are still vague. Here, we propose a cationic weakly coordinating-intervention strategy for modulating the Na + solvation sheathes and constructing robust anode/cathode interphases in sodium-metal batteries. Unlike the local highly concentrated electrolytes, 1,2-difluorobenzene can weakly coordinate with Na + thus transforming the solvation structure into Na + -anion-incorporated structures and strengthening anode/cathode interphases formation by combining with salt decomposition. Furthermore, the correlations between the electrode interface properties and solvation structure are revealed, which can be tuned by the weakly coordination. Ultimately, the modulated electrolyte achieves 97.5% Coulombic efficiency for 600 cycles in Na‖Cu cells at 1 mA cm −2 and a beneficial lifetime (2500 h) in Na‖Na cells. Meanwhile, Na‖PB cells have achieved long-term operation at 4.8 V, along with operation at wide temperatures. Here, authors propose a weakly coordinating-intervention strategy to modulate the Na+ solvation sheath and construct a robust interphase in sodium-metal batteries. Correlation between electrode interface properties and solvation structure is also stated.

Background Induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression is a promising therapeutic approach for hemoglobinopathies. HbF is primarily regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Roxadustat, an oral HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), is utilized in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with anemia. Its capacity to induce HbF has been demonstrated in cell and animal models, but not in humans. Methods In this dual-center, prospective, real-world, non-randomized observational cohort study, we initially enrolled 85 anemic CKD patients receiving distinct anti-anemia treatments. Following post hoc exclusion of participants with insufficient follow-up data, we analyzed the data of 52 patients, comprising those in the oral Roxadustat group ( n  = 27) and the subcutaneous erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) group ( n  = 25). HbF levels were monitored every four weeks by measuring the percentage of HbF-positive red blood cells (F-cells) and mean corpuscular fetal hemoglobin (MCHbF). Results Roxadustat administration showed progressive elevation of HbF levels, however, the ESA group exhibited only minor nonprogressive HbF fluctuations throughout the observation period. Significant differences in the increase of F-cells percentage and MCHbF between the two groups were observed at week 4 and amplified at week 8 and 12. Only one patient in the Roxadustat group exhibited clinically significant hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine replacement. Safety monitoring was limited to clinically evident events reported during routine visits; consequently, subclinical abnormalities or mild adverse events were not systematically documented. Conclusion Our study suggested that Roxadustat has the potential to induce HbF expression in anemic CKD patients. Study registration The study was registered retrospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR, https://www.chictr.org.cn) under the identifier ChiCTR2500096786 on February 6, 2025. Graphical Abstract

Rice, a critical staple on a global scale, faces escalating challenges in yield preservation due to the rising prevalence of abiotic and biotic stressors, exacerbated by frequent climatic fluctuations in recent years. Moreover, the scorching climate prevalent in the rice-growing regions of South China poses obstacles to the cultivation of good-quality, heavy-grain varieties. Addressing this dilemma requires the development of resilient varieties capable of withstanding multiple stress factors. To achieve this objective, our study employed the broad-spectrum blast-resistant line Digu, the brown planthopper (BPH)-resistant line ASD7, and the heavy-grain backbone restorer lines Fuhui838 (FH838) and Shuhui527 (SH527) as parental materials for hybridization and multiple crossings. The incorporation of molecular markers facilitated the rapid pyramiding of six target genes ( Pi5 , Pita , Pid2 , Pid3 , Bph2 , and Wx b ). Through a comprehensive evaluation encompassing blast resistance, BPH resistance, cold tolerance, grain appearance, and quality, alongside agronomic trait selection, a promising restorer line, Guihui5501 (GH5501), was successfully developed. It demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to blast, exhibiting a resistance frequency of 77.33% against 75 artificially inoculated isolates, moderate resistance to BPH (3.78 grade), strong cold tolerance during the seedling stage (1.80 grade), and characteristics of heavy grains (1,000-grain weight reaching 35.64 g) with good grain quality. The primary rice quality parameters for GH5501, with the exception of alkali spreading value, either met or exceeded the second-grade national standard for premium edible rice varieties, signifying a significant advancement in the production of good-quality heavy-grain varieties in the southern rice-growing regions. Utilizing GH5501, a hybrid combination named Nayou5501, characterized by high yield, good quality, and resistance to multiple stresses, was bred and received approval as a rice variety in Guangxi in 2021. Furthermore, genomic analysis with gene chips revealed that GH5501 possessed an additional 20 exceptional alleles, such as NRT1.1B for efficient nitrogen utilization, SKC1 for salt tolerance, and STV11 for resistance to rice stripe virus. Consequently, the restorer line GH5501 could serve as a valuable resource for the subsequent breeding of high-yielding, good-quality, and stress-tolerant hybrid rice varieties.

Species from the family Kareniaceae (Dinophyceae) frequently cause harmful algal blooms (HABs), with serious ecological impacts and risks to human safety and aquaculture activities in coastal waters worldwide. However, due to their small size, lack of morphological divergence, and low abundance during non-bloom periods, the diversity within this family is not well understood. By comparing the commonly used molecular markers, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was found to have an appropriate mutation rate to distinguish three of the most common genera ( Karenia , Karlodinium , and Takayama ) within the Kareniaceae family and different geographical strains of Kareniaceae. Specific primers targeting the ITS region of Karenia , and the other primers specific to the genera Karlodinium and Takayama , were designed. Specificity of the primers was tested using 17 strains of Kareniaceae species and 15 non-target species. Representative Kareniaceae species could be successfully detected even at low concentrations of target DNA template with a limit of detection of 3.2 pg. The primers were also assessed using high-throughput sequencing with two environmental samples from the South China Sea (SCS). Analysis of the reads identified as Kareniaceae species revealed a high diversity and the existence of unreported Kareniaceae species in the SCS. In conclusion, the newly developed molecular barcodes specifically detected Kareniaceae species in the field and will provide technical support for the effective warning and monitoring of Kareniaceae HABs.

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a promising modality to inspect the microvasculature of inner organs in the early-stage tumor diagnosis. However, an endoscopic clinical proximal-end scanning catheter has limited flow imaging capability due to the nonuniform rotational distortion (NURD) and physiological motion. In this study, a combined local and global (CLG) optical flow algorithm was used to estimate the motion vectors caused by NURD and physiological motion. The motion vectors were used to bicubic-interpolation-resample the OCT structure to ensure that the circumferential pixels were equally spaced in the space domain. Then, angiograms were computed based on the statistical relation between inverse SNR (iSNR) and amplitude decorrelation (IDa), termed as IDa-OCTA. Finally, the ability of this technique for endoscopic OCTA imaging was demonstrated by flow phantom experiments and human nailfold capillary imaging.

Individual cone snail ( Conus sp.) contains thousands of bioactive peptides, but there are limited studies on its antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Here, we investigated AMPs along with AMP-derived genes in the representative Chinese tubular cone snail ( C. betulinus ) by integration of our previously published multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics) data. We identified a total of 466 putative AMP-derived genes from the genome, and most of them were annotated as histones . While at the mRNA level, only 77 AMP-derived genes were confirmed with transcriptomic evidence, among them Ubiquicidin, cgUbiquitin, Ap, and VK10 were the most abundant transcripts in the venom gland. In addition, 30 AMPs were further validated by peptidomics data. After in silico analysis including 3D modeling, 11 putative AMPs were chemically synthesized for an in vitro assessment, and eight peptides were proved with good antifungal activity. In summary, this work systematically characterized the AMP repertoire in C. betulinus . This valuable genetic resource provides a solid foundation for in-depth therapeutic applications and drug development.

This study examines Beixin Music Theory Teaching Book (1930) by Wu Bochao, a significant music textbook from the Republic of China era, focusing on its compilation background, content structure, editorial features, and contemporary relevance. As a core material for junior high school music education, the textbook reflects the transformation of Chinese music textbooks from singing collections to comprehensive works during that period. The research first contextualizes Wu Bochao’s musical contributions and the historical context of the textbook, then analyzes its structure—divided into three parts: music fundamentals, musical knowledge, and harmony outlines—and its content covering basic theory, techniques, and exercises. Key features include comprehensive and systematic content, integration of practicality and professionalism, and a blend of era characteristics and practicality. Despite limitations like insufficient music appreciation content and excessive difficulty, the textbook offers insights for modern music textbook compilation, emphasizing student-centered concepts and balanced content arrangement.

The aim of the study was to explore the application value of manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage in axillary web syndrome (AWS) after breast cancer surgery. From 1 April 2020 to 1 June 2020, a total of 102 patients with AWS after axillary lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection in our hospital were included in this prospective study. According to the random number table method, all patients were divided into the study group (n = 51) and the control group (n = 51). The study group received the treatment of manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage, and the control group received health education and the treatment of functional training. The efficacy observation indicators included duration time to the disappearance of relevant clinical symptoms, degree of pain, angle of abduction of the affected limb, degree of upper limb disability function and quality of life. The duration time to the disappearance of cord‐like nodules and tightness in the study group was both significantly shorter than that in the control group (both P  < .05). In the time point of 1 and 3 months after the intervention, compared with that in the control group, the study group had a significantly lighter degree of pain, a better degree of upper limb disability function and higher quality of life (all P  < .05). Manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage can shorten the disappearance time of relevant clinical symptoms, relieve the degree of pain, improve the upper limb disability function and improve the quality of life in patients with AWS.