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Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that is both difficult to detect and treat. DGC is distinguished by weak cell–cell cohesion, most often due to loss of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, a common occurrence in highly invasive, metastatic cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that loss-of-function mutation of E-cadherin in DGC cells results in their increased sensitivity to the non-apoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis. Homophilic contacts between E-cadherin molecules on adjacent cells suppress ferroptosis through activation of the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, single nucleotide mutations observed in DGC patients that ablate the homophilic binding capacity of E-cadherin reverse the ability of E-cadherin to suppress ferroptosis in both cell culture and xenograft models. Importantly, although E-cadherin loss in cancer cells is considered an essential event for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and subsequent metastasis, we found that circulating DGC cells lacking E-cadherin expression possess lower metastatic ability, due to their increased susceptibility to ferroptosis. Together, this study suggests that E-cadherin is a biomarker predicting the sensitivity to ferroptosis of DGC cells, both in primary tumor tissue and in circulation, thus guiding the usage of future ferroptosis-inducing therapeutics for the treatment of DGC.

Currently, lightweight wearable energy storage devices are in great demand owing to their use in wearable electronics and energy-efficient electric vehicles. Freestanding carbon nanofibers replace the need for metal substrates while providing a rapid electrical network owing to their excellent electrical properties. Bimetallic oxides with multivalent oxidation states facilitate the rapid transfer of electrolytic ions owing to efficient Faradaic reactions, thereby enhancing the overall energy storage capability. In this study, CoOx@CNF was derived from ZIF-67 (zeolitic-imidazolate framework) @PAN-2MI fibers that were stabilized in air at 280°C and then annealed in argon at 900°C. Subsequently, Co was seeded on the annealed CoOx@CNF and subjected to a hydrothermal process in sodium molybdate dihydrate solution to grow CoMoO4 nanosheets, eventually forming bimetallic CoMoO4@CNF. The concentration of sodium molybdate solution was varied to determine the optimal growth conditions for CoMoO4 nanosheets. The energy density of the optimal bimetallic CoMoO4@CNF sample was 166.5 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 200 μW cm-2; this represented a nearly twofold increase compared to that of the single metallic CoOx@CNF. Powering humidity sensors using only one CoMoO4@CNF supercapacitor was demonstrated. The optimal sample remained stable during long-term galvanostatic charge and discharge cycles (Ncyc=30,000) and retained 100% of its specific capacitance.

Angiogenesis is a vital process in the progression and metastasis of solids tumors including gastric adenocarcinoma. Tumors induce angiogenesis by secreting proangiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and VEGF-A inhibition has become a common therapeutic strategy for many cancers. Several drugs targeting the VEGF-A pathway have been approved for clinical use in selected solid tumors, and several anti-VEGF-A strategies have been examined for gastric cancer. Phase II studies suggested that bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, can increase the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer, but two international phase III trials failed to show an overall survival benefit. Two more recent international phase III trials have examined ramucirumab, an antibody targeting the primary receptor for VEGF-A, as second-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer and found a survival benefit both as single agent therapy and when combined with chemotherapy. Finally, correlative science studies suggest that the VEGF-A pathway may have varying importance in gastric cancer progression depending on ethnicity or race. This article will review the preclinical and clinical studies on the role of the VEGF-A pathway inhibition in gastric cancer.

Controlling the thickness of quantum dot (QD) films is difficult using existing film formation techniques, which employ pre-ligand-exchanged PbS QD inks, because of several issues: 1) poor colloidal stability, 2) use of high-boiling-point solvents for QD dispersion, and 3) limitations associated with one-step deposition. Herein, we suggest a new protocol for QD film deposition using electrical double-layered PbS QD inks, prepared by solution-phase ligand exchange using methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ). The films are deposited by the supersonic spraying technique, which facilitates the rapid evaporation of the solvent and the subsequent deposition of the PbS QD ink without requiring a post-deposition annealing treatment for solvent removal. The film thickness could be readily controlled by varying the number of spraying sweeps made across the substrate. This spray deposition process yields high-quality n-type QD films quickly (within 1 min) while minimizing the amount of the PbS QD ink used to less than 5 mg for one device (300-nm-thick absorbing layer, 2.5 × 2.5 cm 2 ). Further, the formation of an additional p-layer by treatment with mercaptopropionic acid allows for facile hole extraction from the QD films, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 3.7% under 1.5 AM illumination.

In this study, the traditional Korean Hanji or Han-paper, comprising cellulose fibers obtained from mulberry bark, was coated with silver nanowires (AgNWs) via supersonic spraying; this was followed by electroplating with nickel to produce a silver–nickel (AgNW–Ni) core–shell nanostructure, thereby protecting the nanostructures of the AgNWs from thermal breakdown. The Hanji cellulose fibers coated with the core–shell AgNW–Ni were used as a paper heater. The nickel electroplating time was increased to thicken the nickel shell enwrapping the AgNWs. The electrical properties of the Hanji heater were investigated to identify the optimal AgNW–Ni core–shell nanostructure. The surface temperature of the AgNW–Ni Hanji heater reached 125 °C at 7 V without thermal breakup of the AgNWs with long-term stability. Under excessive electroplating, the entire Hanji substrate was covered with nickel. In this scenario, a nickel layer was formed over the Hanji, which substantially reduced the electrical resistivity of the layer. This metal–metal core–shell nanostructure can be attached to any type of substrate, including rigid alumina, polyethylene terephthalate, and bulk plastic; this makes the method versatile and widely applicable. Stringent bending radius and cyclic tests confirmed the mechanical durability and thermal stability of the silver–nickel core–shell Hanji heater.

A multifunctional sensor capable of simultaneous sensing of temperature, pressure, and proximity has been developed. This transparent and body-attachable device is also capable of providing heat under low voltage. The multi-sensor consists of metal fibers fabricated by electrospinning and electroplating. The device comprises randomly deposited metal fibers, which not only provide heating but also perform as thermal and proximity sensors, and orderly aligned metal fibers that act as a pressure sensor. The sensor is fabricated by weaving straight rectangular electrodes on a transparent substrate (a matrix). The sensitivity is readily enhanced by installing numerous matrices that facilitate higher sensing resolution. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the heater is h  = 0.014 W·cm −2 ·°C −1 . The temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) and pressure sensitivity ( η P ) are 0.038 °C −1 and 5.3 × 10 −3 kPa −1 , respectively. The superior sensitivity of the device is confirmed via quantitative comparison with similar devices. This multifunctional device also has a superior convective heat transfer coefficient than do other heaters reported in the literature.

The multifunctional soft sensor developed here is capable of simultaneously sensing six stimuli, including pressure, bending strain, temperature, proximity, UV light, and humidity, with high accuracy and without interference among the respective built-in components. The sensor is fabricated via a facile, scalable, and cost-effective supersonic cold-spraying method using silver nanowires (AgNWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). A mask and laser cutter are used in conjunction with the supersonic cold-spraying method to produce miniaturized multifunctional sensors that can be readily installed on various substrates; for example, the production of gloves capable of multifunctional sensing. In particular, the proximity sensor of the multifunctional glove sensor can produce a three-dimensional (3D) image of a scanned object, showing high potential for use in military, medical, and industrial applications.The multifunctional soft sensors attached to the glove are capable of simultaneously sensing six stimuli, including pressure, bending strain, temperature, proximity, UV light, and humidity, with high accuracy and without interference among the respective built-in components. The sensor is fabricated via supersonic spraying using silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide, and conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate.

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze timing and sites of recurrence for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection is the standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer in the West, but limited information exists as to timing and patterns of recurrence in this setting.MethodsPatients with clinical stage 2 or 3 gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by curative-intent resection between January 2000 and December 2015 were analyzed for 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) as well as timing and site of recurrence.ResultsAmong 312 identified patients, 121 (38.8%) experienced recurrence during a median follow-up period of 46 months. The overall 5-year RFS rate was 58.9%, with RFS rates of 95.8% for ypT0N0, 81% for ypStage 1, 77.4% for ypStage 2, and 22.9% for ypStage 3. The first site of recurrence was peritoneal for 49.6%, distant (not peritoneal) for 45.5%, and locoregional for 11.6% of the patients. The majority of the recurrences (84.3%) occurred within 2 years. Multivariate analysis showed that ypT4 status was an independent predictor for recurrence within 1 year after surgery (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–6.08; p = 0.030).ConclusionsThe majority of the recurrences for patients with clinical stage 2 or 3 gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent curative resection occurred within 2 years. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pathologic T stage was a useful risk predictor for early recurrence.