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Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression
Emotion regulation skills develop substantially across adolescence, a period characterized by emotional challenges and developing regulatory neural circuitry. Adolescence is also a risk period for the new onset of anxiety and depressive disorders, psychopathologies which have long been associated with disruptions in regulation of positive and negative emotions. This paper reviews the current understanding of the role of disrupted emotion regulation in adolescent anxiety and depression, describing findings from self-report, behavioral, peripheral psychophysiological, and neural measures. Self-report studies robustly identified associations between emotion dysregulation and adolescent anxiety and depression. Findings from behavioral and psychophysiological studies are mixed, with some suggestion of specific impairments in reappraisal in anxiety. Results from neuroimaging studies broadly implicate altered functioning of amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuitries, although again, findings are mixed regarding specific patterns of altered neural functioning. Future work may benefit from focusing on designs that contrast effects of specific regulatory strategies, and isolate changes in emotional regulation from emotional reactivity. Approaches to improve treatments based on empirical evidence of disrupted emotion regulation in adolescents are also discussed. Future intervention studies might consider training and measurement of specific strategies in adolescents to better understand the role of emotion regulation as a treatment mechanism.
Journal Article
Energy transitions in the Middle East : challenges and opportunities
How do Middle East energy transitions fit into international energy markets? In this book, energy analysts, geopolitical experts and specialists of political economy examine the new energy potential in the Middle East. The particular focus surrounds how the region's access to finance, combined with the new global regulations and considerations of economic development, shape the region's energy transitions overall. The Middle East is revealed to be a key site of new energy production, sharing and transmission as well as technology innovation. At the same time, the authors examine the variables that determine the success in each country and energy source, including the advantages that hydrocarbon producers will have in renewables and transition fuels, and the risk that these might slow down the energy transition overall.
BOOK
Comorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Bridge Symptoms and Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors
Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and comorbid in adolescents, and this co-occurrence leads to worse prognosis and additional difficulties. The relationship between depression and anxiety must be delineated to, in turn, reduce and prevent the comorbidity, however our knowledge is still limited. We used network analysis to investigate bridge symptoms; symptoms that connect individual depression and anxiety symptoms and thus can help explain the comorbidity. We also examined the role of relevant risk and protective factors in explaining these symptom-level associations between these disorders. We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (n = 3670). Depression and anxiety symptoms, peer victimization, bullying, peer relational problems, prosocial behavior, and parental monitoring were assessed at a single time point around age 13 years. Stressful life events (SLEs) were assessed at age 11 years. We identified the most prominent bridge symptoms among depression (“feeling unhappy”, “feeling lonely”) and anxiety symptoms (“worrying about past”, “worrying about future”). Peer relational difficulties and SLEs were strongly associated with several depression and anxiety symptoms, such that these two risk factors created a link between individual depression and anxiety symptoms. Prosocial behavior had several negative associations with symptoms of both disorders, suggesting it can be an important protective factor.
Journal Article
Network analysis of gene expression reveals regulators of cell viscosity and mechanical phenotype
Cell mechanical properties, such as cell stiffness and viscous behavior, have been proposed as biomarkers of cell disease states. Moreover, the molecular pathways that modify cell mechanics may also be potential novel targets for managing lethal diseases, such as cancer, by specifically changing the mechanical phenotype of cells along with the associated functional phenotype. This study explores the relationship between the viscosity and stiffness of cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We used a large linked molecular dataset to explore the correlations between gene expression, cell migration, and cell mechanical properties, which were quantified by two viscous rate constants from a standard linear solid viscoelasticity model and apparent Young’s modulus from a Hertzian contact mechanics model. Using a causal network analysis built on known relationships curated from literature in Qiagen’s Ingenuity Pathway Analysis package, we identified potential molecular control nodes that could modify the expression of multiple genes correlated with cell mechanics. We investigated the up- and down-regulation of expression by two predicted potential small molecule regulators (lacidipine and AG879) and four predicted potential gene regulators (
AKT2
,
ITGB6, mir-183,
and
CD82
) through small molecule inhibition, RNA interference, and introduction of microRNAs. The effects of modulation of these regulators were measured on both cell mechanical properties and gene expression in three ovarian cancer cell types. We identified several regulators that change the viscosity and stiffness of the cell with a corresponding change to the functional migratory ability in a cell-type specific manner.
Journal Article
National dengue surveillance, Cambodia 2002–2020
Global dengue incidence has increased dramatically over the past few decades from approximately 500 000 reported cases in 2000 to over 5 million in 2019. This trend has been attributed to population growth in endemic areas, rapid unplanned urbanization, increasing global connectivity, and climate change expanding the geographic range of the
. mosquito, among other factors. Reporting dengue surveillance data is key to understanding the scale of the problem, identifying important changes in the landscape of disease, and developing policies for clinical management, vector control and vaccine rollout. However, surveillance practices are not standardized, and data may be difficult to interpret particularly in low- and middle-income countries with fragmented health-care systems. The latest national dengue surveillance data for Cambodia was published in 2010. Since its publication, the country experienced marked changes in health policies, population demographics, climate and urbanization. How these changes affected dengue control remains unknown. In this article, we summarize two decades of policy changes, published literature, country statistics, and dengue case data collected by the Cambodia National Dengue Control Programme to: (i) identify important changes in the disease landscape; and (ii) derive lessons to inform future surveillance and disease control strategies. We report that while dengue case morbidity and mortality rates in Cambodia fell between 2002 and 2020, dengue incidence doubled and age at infection increased. Future national surveillance, disease prevention and treatment, and vector control policies will have to account for these changes to optimize disease control.
Journal Article
35 أسلوبا على كل مرشد معرفتها
تعلم كيف يمكن أن تطور من فهمك وتطبيقك لمفتاح أساليب الأرشاد من خلال الإستخدام السهل لمحتويات هذا الكتاب إن مبدأ 35 أسلوبا على كل مرشد معرفتها يحدد مجموعة من الأساليب التي تم إقتباسها من إتجهات ونظريات متنوعة بحيث تشتمل على الإرشاد المختصر والنفس ديناميكي والتعلم الإجتماعي والمعرفي والسلوكي والمعرفي السلوكي ومن خلال إستكشاف مفتاح أساليب الإرشاد والاتجاه النظري الذي يعتمد عليه كل أسلوب والتنويعات الشائعة لتطبيقه سوف تطور فهما عميقا حول متى يمكنك إستخدام الأسلوب المناسب.
Book
Hindu Apologist or Modern Reformer? Arvind Sharma on Hindu Women
Using a case study of Arvind Sharma’s thinking on striyaḥ (women), a subject he claims he has not written about aside from the topic of sati, this essay analyzes the epigrams and prefaces found in his fifteen edited books on women as a point of departure to tease out his larger scholarly project: not only to understand why India became colonized and Hinduism moribund, but also how to overcome their lingering effects without alienation from past culture. Toward this end, the essay focuses on how Sharma tackles stereotypes by restoring complexities to the historical record, using the multiple methods of religious studies, taking on the mantle of engaged scholar as a “threshold response,” and entering the public sphere on issues of justice and affirmative action. Juxtaposition of pivotal events recorded in his autobiography with these scholarly discussions suggests that his cryptic insights on women’s history and liberation is core to his thought, a case of “reciprocal illumination” as it were. All this raises the question of whether Sharma is a Hindu apologist or a reformer.
Journal Article