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This study contributes to cross-cultural humor research in an understudied genre, namely entertaining semi-structured man-on-the-street interviews. Two entertainment shows, Egyptian مذيع الشارع /muði: ʕəʃʃæ:riʕ/ 'street broadcaster and American Pedestrian Question (PQ) segment in Jimmy Kimmel Live, pose humorous questions to random pedestrians. Within a comprehensive framework integrating three theories of humor (Superiority, Incongruity and Relief), the humor dimensions/styles (Martin et al., 2003). and Culpeper's (1996, 2005, 2011a, 2011b) Model of Impoliteness, this study contrastively investigates the humor styles and themes intended through PQs in 80 YouTube video clips. Two styles have been identified in both shows: aggressive other- deprecating and affiliative relief-based. The former, mapped to impoliteness strategies, may feed audience's feelings of superiority at the pedestrians' expense. The latter may offer the audience 'voyeuristic pleasure' while deriving relief from pedestrians' confessions, fantasies, and the daring of authority. In confessions and fantasies, PQ themes are conservative on the Egyptian show but often unorthodox on the American show. The study further explores the effect of culture and humor style on YouTube viewers' appreciation measured by percentage of likes (% Likes). The effect of culture has only been statistically significant regarding relief-based humor, where Egyptian clips have achieved more % Likes than have the American clips.

The glutamine synthetase (GS) facilitates cancer cell growth by catalyzing de novo glutamine synthesis. This enzyme removes ammonia waste from the liver following the urea cycle. Since cancer development is associated with dysregulated urea cycles, there has been no investigation of GS’s role in ammonia clearance. Here, we demonstrate that, although GS expression is increased in the setting of β-catenin oncogenic activation, it is insufficient to clear the ammonia waste burden due to the dysregulated urea cycle and may thus be unable to prevent cancer formation. In vivo study, a total of 165 male Swiss albino mice allocated in 11 groups were used, and liver cancer was induced by p-DAB. The activity of GS was evaluated along with the relative expression of mTOR, β-catenin, MMP-14, and GS genes in liver samples and HepG2 cells using qRT-PCR. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the NH3 scavenger phenyl acetate (PA) and/or GS-inhibitor L-methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and the migratory potential of cells was assessed by MTT and wound healing assays, respectively. The Swiss target prediction algorithm was used to screen the mentioned compounds for probable targets. The treatment of the HepG2 cell line with PA plus MSO demonstrated strong cytotoxicity. The post-scratch remaining wound area (%) in the untreated HepG2 cells was 2.0%. In contrast, the remaining wound area (%) in the cells treated with PA, MSO, and PA + MSO for 48 h was 61.1, 55.8, and 78.5%, respectively. The combination of the two drugs had the greatest effect, resulting in the greatest decrease in the GS activity, β-catenin, and mTOR expression. MSO and PA are both capable of suppressing mTOR, a key player in the development of HCC, and MMP-14, a key player in the development of HCC. PA inhibited the MMP-14 enzyme more effectively than MSO, implying that PA might be a better way to target HCC as it inhibited MMP-14 more effectively than MSO. A large number of abnormal hepatocytes (5%) were found to be present in the HCC mice compared to mice in the control group as determined by the histopathological lesions scores. In contrast, PA, MSO, and PA + MSO showed a significant reduction in the hepatic lesions score either when protecting the liver or when treating the liver. The molecular docking study indicated that PA and MSO form a three-dimensional structure with NF-κB and COX-II, blocking their ability to promote cancer and cause gene mutations. PA and MSO could be used to manipulate GS activities to modulate ammonia levels, thus providing a potential treatment for ammonia homeostasis.