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"Yu, D."
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Diamond polishing of crystalline materials for optoelectronics
A study of the mechanism of mechanical polishing of optoelectronic components made of crystalline materials has demonstrated that the removal rate in polishing decreases with increasing workpiece material’s bond energy and energy of transfer and grows with increasing thermal conductivity coefficient of the workpiece material, sliding distance of a workpiece surface element against the polishing pad surface, and Lifshitz force. The ratio between the volumetric wear coefficient and thermal diffusivity of the workpiece material is shown to depend on specific heat capacity and energy of transfer.
Journal Article
Ultra-fast vortex motion in a direct-write Nb-C superconductor
The ultra-fast dynamics of superconducting vortices harbors rich physics generic to nonequilibrium collective systems. The phenomenon of flux-flow instability (FFI), however, prevents its exploration and sets practical limits for the use of vortices in various applications. To suppress the FFI, a superconductor should exhibit a rarely achieved combination of properties: weak volume pinning, close-to-depairing critical current, and fast heat removal from heated electrons. Here, we demonstrate experimentally ultra-fast vortex motion at velocities of 10–15 km s
−1
in a directly written Nb-C superconductor with a close-to-perfect edge barrier. The spatial evolution of the FFI is described using the edge-controlled FFI model, implying a chain of FFI nucleation points along the sample edge and their development into self-organized Josephson-like junctions (vortex rivers). In addition, our results offer insights into the applicability of widely used FFI models and suggest Nb-C to be a good candidate material for fast single-photon detectors.
To realize ultra-fast dynamics of superconducting vortices one needs to overcome the practical issue of flux-flow instability (FFI). Here, Dobrovolskiy et al. demonstrate ultra-fast vortex motion at 10-15 km/s velocity in a Nb-C superconductor where the FFI is described by the edge-controlled FFI model.
Journal Article
The art of music
\"The Art of music is a handsomely illustrated and rich interdisciplinary look at the mutual influence between music and the visual arts across cultures and eras. The book sheds new light on more familiar artists at the intersection of the visual and the musical, such as Wassily Kandinsky and Arnold Schoenberg, and presents new scholarship on less well-known examples in the arts of Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe, from antique pottery to contemporary video and sound art. Essays consider key works and themes such as synesthesia and other formal and theoretical crossovers, motifs of musicians, and performative and ritual functions of music, musical instruments, and art. With more than 250 color images illustrating works of art in diverse traditions, The Art of music offers enriching reading for scholars and general audiences alike\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Generation of LEPR Knockout Rabbits with CRISPR/CAS9 System
The
LEPR
gene encodes a leptin hormone receptor, and its mutations are associated with morbid obesity, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, and fertility defects in humans. Spontaneous
Lepr
mutations have been described in rodents, and
Lepr
knockout animals have been generated, in particular, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Lipid metabolism in rodents significantly differs from that in humans or rabbits, and rabbits are therefore considered as the most relevant model of morbid obesity and lipid metabolism dysregulation in humans.
LEPR
knockout rabbits have not been reported so far. In this work a
LEPR
knockout rabbit was generated by introducing a deletion of the region around
LEPR
exon 10 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The body weight of the knockout rabbit was significantly higher than the average body weight of the wild type rabbits. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of
LEPR
knockout rabbits will allow the development of a model of morbid obesity and endocrine defects due to leptin receptor mutations in humans.
Journal Article
Resonant Damping and Instability of Propagating Magnetohydrodynamic Body Modes in a Flux Tube with Shear Flow under Photospheric Conditions
The influence of shear flow on resonant absorption is theoretically investigated for propagating magnetohydrodynamic body modes in cusp (slow) and Alfvén continua in a cylindrical flux tube under photospheric conditions. An analytical dispersion relation for resonant absorption in the presence of flow shear is developed by assuming a thin boundary layer. The numerical solutions reveal that the presence of flow shear has a rather negative impact on the resonant absorption of the body mode compared to the surface modes. As the flow shear increases, it first slightly increases the strength of resonant absorption for the forward body modes and then decreases it below the strength of no flow shear case for both resonances. It is also found that as the flow shear increases, the range of the axial wavenumber and wave frequency for the cusp resonance decreases when the wave frequency is close to the upper boundary of the cusp continuum. For the backward body modes, the strength of the resonance absorption decreases with the increment of the flow shear. When the flow shear is sufficiently large, the waves propagate in the forward direction, and their amplitude grows with a small increment.
Journal Article
Resonant Absorption of Magnetohydrodynamic Body Modes under Photospheric Conditions
Observations reveal that surface and body modes exist in solar pores under photospheric conditions. While the effects of resonant absorption on photospheric surface modes are well established, its effect on body modes is not known yet. In this paper, we investigate resonant absorption for the body modes under photospheric conditions. We numerically solve the dispersion relation induced by thin boundary approximation and obtain the wave dispersion curves and damping rates of three arbitrarily chosen body modes for sausage and kink waves, respectively. The results show that resonant absorption for the body modes is weaker than for the slow surface modes in both cusp and Alfvén continua. The damping behavior of body modes is similar to slow surface modes while the higher body mode has stronger resonant absorption.
Journal Article
Dissipative Instability of Magnetohydrodynamic Sausage Waves in a Compressional Cylindrical Plasma: Effect of Flow Shear and Viscosity Shear
The shear flow influences the stability of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. In the presence of a dissipation mechanism, flow shear may induce an MHD wave instability below the threshold of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, which is called dissipative instability. This phenomenon is also called negative energy wave instability because it is closely related to the backward wave, which has negative wave energy. Considering viscosity as a dissipation mechanism, we derive an analytical dispersion relation for the slow sausage modes in a straight cylinder with a discontinuous boundary. It is assumed that the steady flow is inside and dynamic and bulk viscosities are outside the circular flux tube under photospheric condition. When the two viscosities are weak, it is found that for the slow surface mode, the growth rate is proportional to the axial wavenumber and flow shear, consistent within the incompressible limit. For a slow body mode, the growth rate has a peak at a certain axial wavenumber, and its order of magnitude is similar to surface mode. The linear relationship between the growth rate and the dynamic viscosity established in the incompressible limit develops nonlinearly when the flow shear and/or the two viscosities are sufficiently strong.
Journal Article
High-energy resummation in heavy-quark pair hadroproduction
The inclusive hadroproduction of two heavy quarks, featuring a large separation in rapidity, is proposed as a novel probe channel of the Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) approach. In a theoretical setup which includes full resummation of leading logarithms in the center-of-mass energy and partial resummation of the next-to-leading ones, predictions for the cross section and azimuthal coefficients are presented for kinematic configurations typical of current and possible future experimental analyses at the LHC.
Journal Article