Explore the vast range of titles available.

Detecting respiration and heartbeat information from human chest movement is crucial for non‐contact vital sign detection. Due to the small frequency difference between respiration and heartbeat signals and the relatively low amplitude of the heartbeat signal, it is challenging to separate and extract them completely. This letter proposes a successive variational mode extraction method based on spectrum trend for the extraction of respiration and heartbeat signals. The proposed method adaptively determines the initial centre frequency and extraction order of the desired signal modes by analyzing the spectrum trend of the signal to be decomposed. Additionally, a recursive framework is introduced to sequentially extract the desired signal modes. Both simulation and practical experiment results show that the method is effective in extracting respiration and heartbeat signals, significantly improving the accuracy of estimating respiration and heartbeat frequencies. This letter proposes a successive variational mode extraction method based on spectrum trend for the extraction of respiration and heartbeat signals. The method determines the initial centre frequency and extraction order of the desired modes based on the spectrum trend information of the input signal, and introduces a recursive framework to extract the desired modes sequentially. Experimental results show that the method improves the extraction accuracy of respiration and heartbeat signals.

Microglia, characterized by responding to damage, regulating the secretion of soluble inflammatory mediators, and engulfing specific segments in the central nervous system (CNS), function as key immune cells in the CNS. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia coordinate the inflammatory responses in CNS system and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Remarkably, microglia autophagy participates in the regulation of subcellular substances, which includes the degradation of misfolded proteins and other harmful constituents produced by neurons. Therefore, microglia autophagy regulates neuronal homeostasis maintenance and process of neuroinflammation. In this review, we aimed at highlighting the pivotal role of microglia autophagy in the pathogenesis of age-related NDDs. Besides the mechanistic process and the co-interaction between microglia autophagy and different kinds of NDDs, we also emphasized potential therapeutic agents and approaches that could be utilized at the onset and progression of these diseases through modulating microglia autophagy, including promising nanomedicines. Our review provides a valuable reference for subsequent studies focusing on treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploration of microglia autophagy and the development of nanomedicines greatly enhances current understanding of NDDs.

Background Arthritis, a common condition in the U.S., is caused by autoimmune reactions, osteoarticular injuries, and uric acid deposition. It affects around 25% of adults and is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease. The American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) composite, which considers cardiovascular health factors, has been studied for its predictive capacity in assessing arthritis risk. The study aims to provide tailored prevention recommendations and monitor factors associated with arthritis within the LE8 framework specifically for arthritic individuals. Methods This population-based study used data from the U.S. NHANES (2017–2020) for adults aged 20 + . Multivariate logistic and restricted cubic spline modeling explored the relationship between LE8 and arthritis, revealing significant nonlinearity ( P  < 0.001). Gradient Boosting Decision Trees were employed to conduct a predictive model of Arthritis risk. Results Through study, we found that idealer LE8 scores correlated with poorer arthritis risk. Subgroup analyses ideallighted poorer scores for smoking ( P  < 0.002, poor_socre and intermediate_score) and physical activity( P  = 0.001, poor_score) as significant risk factors. Gradient Boosting Decision Trees predicted disease risk, with age, HDL cholesterol, and blood pressure identified as the three most significant predictive factors. Conclusion The LE8 score in U.S. adults shows a negative association with arthritis outcomes, with arthritis prevalence decreasing as the score increases. poorer Smoke and Physical Exercise Time components and intermediate Blood Glucose scores may be arthritis risk factors. The LE8 may help identify arthritis risk early and reduce its burden.

Background The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of irreversible pulpitis have been studied for decades. Many studies have indicated a potential correlation between autophagy and this disease. Against the background of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, protein-coding RNA functions are linked with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). This mechanism has been widely studied in various fields but has rarely been reported in the context of irreversible pulpitis. The hub genes selected under this theory may represent the key to the interaction between autophagy and irreversible pulpitis. Results Filtering and differential expression analyses of the GSE92681 dataset, which contains data from 7 inflamed and 5 healthy pulp tissue samples, were conducted. The results were intersected with autophagy-related genes (ARGs), and 36 differentially expressed ARGs (DE-ARGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and construction of the protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network of DE-ARGs were performed. Coexpression analysis was conducted between differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and DE-ARGs, and 151 downregulated and 59 upregulated autophagy-related DElncRNAs (AR-DElncRNAs) were identified. StarBase and multiMiR were then used to predict related microRNAs of AR-DElncRNAs and DE-ARGs, respectively. We established ceRNA networks including 9 hub lncRNAs (HCP5 and AC112496.1 ↑ ; FENDRR, AC099850.1, ZSWIM8-AS1, DLX6-AS1, LAMTOR5-AS1, TMEM161B-AS1 and AC145207.5 ↓ ), which were validated by a qRT‒PCR analysis of pulp tissue from patients with irreversible pulpitis. Conclusion We constructed two networks consisting of 9 hub lncRNAs based on the comprehensive identification of autophagy-related ceRNAs. This study may provide novel insights into the interactive relationship between autophagy and irreversible pulpitis and identifies several lncRNAs that may serve as potential biological markers.

Wastewater contaminated by heavy metal ions poses serious threats to the ecosystem, needing to be well disposed of. In this study, reduced graphene oxide@titanate hybrids (rGOTHs) are synthesized to efficiently remove heavy metals from wastewater in batch and fixed bed systems. The size of prepared rGOTHs is large as hundreds of microns, which is beneficial for separation and application in batch and fixed bed system. In the batch studies, rGOTHs exhibits the fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity towards heavy metals, in which the adsorption kinetic and isothermal are best fitted to Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of rGOTHs for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) are 530.5, 201 and 130.5 mg/g at 298 K and pH 5, respectively. In addition, the exhausted adsorbent can be easily regenerated in alkaline hydrothermal process and the high removal efficiency is almost reserved after six cycles. Moreover, rGOTHs presents higher selective adsorption towards Pb(II) than other ions. Adsorption mechanisms are revealed to be ions exchange, electrostatic interaction, and coordination. In the fixed bed experiments, the effective treatment volume of rGOTHs-loaded column reaches to 2760 BV (15.45 L) for single Pb(II) polluted battery manufactory wastewater and 2280 BV (12.76 L) for multiple heavy metal polluted estuary effluent, before Pb(II) concentration exceeds the discharge limit of 1 mg/L. Our study demonstrates the great potential of rGOTHs to be applied in practical treatment of wastewater contaminated by heavy metal ions.

The role of ferroptosis in irreversible pulpitis (IP) remains unclear. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory that has been widely investigated is rarely used studied in IP. Hub lncRNAs selected from a ceRNA network may provide a novel hypothesis for the interaction of ferroptosis and IP. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with 484 ferroptosis markers to identify differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs). Functional analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to reveal the functions of DE-FRGs. Then, coexpression analyses were conducted between DE-FRGs and DElncRNAs to define ferroptosis-related DElncRNAs (FR-DElncRNAs). Predictions of DE-FRG- and FR-DElncRNA-related miRNAs were obtained, and members of both groups were selected. Additionally, two ceRNA networks consisting of FR-DElncRNAs, miRNAs and DE-FRGs from upregulated and downregulated groups were built. Finally, the hub lncRNAs of the ceRNA networks were used for immuno-infiltration analysis and qPCR verification. According to the results of PCA and clustering analysis, 5 inflamed and 5 healthy pulp tissue samples were selected for analysis. The intersection of DEGs with 484 ferroptosis marker genes identified 72 DE-FRGs. The response to stimulus, cellular process, signaling, localization, and biological regulation pathways related to DE-FRGs were enriched. In total, 161 downregulated and 40 upregulated FR-DElncRNAs were chosen by coexpression analysis for further investigation. The MultimiR package and starBase were used to predict miRNAs of DE-FRGs and FR-DElncRNAs, respectively. The upregulated ceRNA network contained 2 FR-DElncRNAs (↑), 19 miRNAs (↓) and 22 DE-FRGs (↑). The downregulated network contained 44 FR-DElncRNAs (↓), 251 miRNAs (↑) and 10 DE-FRGs (↓). Six hub lncRNAs were identified based on the MCC method (LUCAT1 and AC106897.1 ↑; LINC00943, AL583810.1, AC068888.1, and AC125257.1↓). In addition, strong relationships between hub lncRNAs and immune cells were shown by immune infiltration analysis. Finally, validated by qPCR assays of the pulp tissue of IP patients, the expression levels in clinical samples were consistent with the microarray data. Two ceRNA networks were comprehensively constructed, and 6 hub lncRNAs were identified. These genes provide novel insights into the relationship between ferroptosis and IP. Intriguingly, the LINC00943/hsa-miR-29a-3p/PDK4 axis was deemed to be the key node in this network.

Carbon nanospheres with distinguishable microstructure were prepared by carbonization and subsequent KOH activation of F108/resorcinol-formaldehyde composites. The dosage of triblock copolymer Pluronic F108 is crucial to the microstructure differences. With the adding of F108, the polydisperse carbon nanospheres (PCNS) with microporous structure, monodisperse carbon nanospheres (MCNS) with hierarchical porous structure, and agglomerated carbon nanospheres (ACNS) were obtained. Their microstructure and capacitance properties were carefully compared. As a result of the synergetic effect of mono-dispersion spheres and hierarchical porous structures, the MCNS sample shows improved electrochemical performance, i.e., the highest specific capacitance of 224 F g −1 (0.2 A g −1 ), the best rate capability (73% retention at 20 A g −1 ), and the most excellent capacitance retention of 93% over 10,000 cycles, making it to be the promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

In practical engineering applications, natural air cooling is often utilized for photovoltaic (PV) facades. However, the natural-air-cooling method is not effective at cooling PV wall panels, and the high temperatures accumulated on the surface of PV panels not only affect the electrical efficiency and service life of the PV modules, but also increase the energy consumption of the building. In this paper, we propose the vertical installation of heat dissipation fins in naturally ventilated PV wall panels. We used ANSYS Fluent to establish the simulation model of naturally ventilated PV wall panels and validate it. By simulating the air-cooled channels in PV wall panels with different sizing parameters, the temperature and flow rate variations were comparatively analyzed in order to optimize the air-cooled-channel sizes. The results show that installing the fins vertically in the air-cooled channel provided better cooling for the PV panels and enhanced the air heat collection effect. Additionally, it improved the airflow rate in the channel. As the thickness of the finned air-cooled channel increased or the width decreased, the temperature on the surface of the PV panels showed a decreasing trend. Compared to the flat-plate air-cooled channel, the finned air-cooled channel, with a thickness of 100 mm and a width of 20 mm, decreased the peak and average temperatures of the PV-panel surface by 3.9 °C and 8.1 °C, respectively, and increased the average temperature of the air at the outlet by 11.2 °C.

The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is a typical agricultural and petrochemical industrial area of China. To assess the current status of phthalate esters (PAEs) of soil residues, soil samples (0∼20 cm) ( n  = 82) were collected in Bincheng District, at the geographic center of the YRD. PAEs were detected in all topsoil samples analyzed, which indicated that PAEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Concentrations of 11 PAEs are in the range of 0.794∼19.504 μg g −1 , with an average value of 2.975 μg g −1 . It was presented that PAEs pollution in this area was weak and monotonously increasing along the rural–urban gradient. Higher concentrations were observed from roadsides (and/or gutters), densely anthropogenic activities areas (such as the urbanization and industrialization), and agriculture influence district, which mainly originated from construction waste, municipal sewage, agricultural waste and pesticide, discarded plastic effusion and atmospheric depositions. Concentrations of PAEs were weakly positivity correlated with soil organic carbon content and pH, which suggested both of them can affect the distribution of PAEs. The concentration of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di- n -butyl phthalate dominated in the 11 PAEs, with the average values of 0.735 and 1.915 μg g −1 , respectively, and accounted for 92.1 % of the whole PAEs’ concentrations. No significant differences of PAE congeneric profiles were observed between our work and others previously reported, which is consistent with the use of similar commercial PAEs around the world.

Photovoltaic (PV) wall panels are an integral part of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) and have great potential for development. However, inadequate heat dissipation can reduce power generation efficiency. To reduce the temperature of photovoltaic wall panels and improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, this paper constructs a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model of ventilated photovoltaic wall panels and verifies it, then simulates and analyzes the effects of three cavity structure forms on the thermal performance of photovoltaic wall panels and optimizes the dimensional parameters of the curved-ribbed cavity structure. The average surface temperatures of flat-plate, rectangular-ribbed, and arc-ribbed cavity structure PV wall panels were 59.42 °C, 57.56 °C, and 55.39 °C, respectively, under natural ventilation conditions. Among them, the arc-ribbed cavity structure PV wall panels have the best heat dissipation effect. Further studies have shown that the curvature, rib height, width, and spacing of the curved ribs significantly affect the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic panels. Compared to the flat-plate cavity structure, the parameter-optimized curved-rib cavity structure significantly reduces the average surface temperature of PV panels. As solar radiation intensity increases, the optimized structure’s heat dissipation effect strengthens, achieving a 6 °C temperature reduction at 1000 W/m2 solar radiation.